39°53′18″N119°31′13″E / 39.8882°N 119.5202°E /39.8882; 119.5202
Qinhuangdao 秦皇岛市 | |
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  .jpg)    Clockwise from the top: Aerial view of the city,Shanhai Pass, Longtan Falls,Yan Mountains,Old Dragon Head, Habitat Apartments | |
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.png) Location of Qinhuangdao City jurisdiction in Hebei | |
  Qinhuangdao Location of the city centre in Hebei Show map of Hebei Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao (Northern China) Show map of Northern China Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (People's Square):39°56′26″N119°35′42″E / 39.9406°N 119.5951°E /39.9406; 119.5951 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Settled | 1737 |
| Established | March 3, 1983 |
| Municipal seat | Haigang District |
| Government | |
| • Party Secretary | Meng Xiangwei |
| • Mayor | Zhang Ruishu |
| Area | |
| 7,791.57 km2 (3,008.34 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 2,122.9 km2 (819.7 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,122.9 km2 (819.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 3,136,879 | |
| • Density | 402.599/km2 (1,042.73/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,881,047 |
| • Urban density | 886.07/km2 (2,294.9/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,881,047 |
| • Metro density | 886.07/km2 (2,294.9/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 184 billion US$ 22.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 48,230 US$7,143 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 066000 |
| Area code | (0)335 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HE-03 |
| Licence Plate Prefix | 冀C |
| Website | www.qhd.gov.cn |
| Qinhuangdao | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 "Qinhuangdao", as written inSimplified Chinese (top) andTraditional Chinese (bottom) | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 秦皇岛 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 秦皇島 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Qin Shi Huang Island | ||||||||
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Qinhuangdao (/ˈtʃɪnˈhwɑːŋˈdaʊ/;[4] Chinese:秦皇岛) is a port city on the coast of China in northernHebei. It is administratively aprefecture-level city, about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing, on theBohai Sea, the innermost gulf of theYellow Sea. Its population during the2020 national census was 3,136,879, with 1,881,047 people living in the built-up (or 'metro') area made up of four urban districts.
The city's name "Qinhuangdao" literally means "Qin Emperor island", and is allegedly originated from the legend that the JieshishanScenic Area inChangli County was the site ofFirst Emperor of Qin's famous ritual during his fourth and final survey tour to the east (东巡) in 210 BC. The "island" refers to the Nanshan area of thePort of Qinhuangdao at the southern edge of the city'sHaigang District, which used to be a small offshore island until the lateQing dynasty, when dumping ofdredgedsiltjoined it to the mainland after theGuangxu Emperor approved the port's construction in the late 19th century.
In the 19th century, Qinhuangdao included the separate towns ofQinhuangdao andTanghe.[n 1] Both were stations along thePeking–Mukden Railway. The design and construction of the new harbour and port of Ching Wang Tao in the Gulf of Pechili was undertaken by the partnership of SirJohn Wolfe-Barry and Lt ColArthur John Barry at the turn of the 20th century.[5]
At the beginning of theChinese Civil War,Du Yuming'sNational Revolutionary Army forces landed in the city at the beginning of theNationalist government's offensive against theChinese Communist Party inSoviet-occupied Manchuria. They were unable to land further north because other ports were either occupied by the Soviet Union or already garrisoned by the military forces which would become thePeople's Liberation Army.[6]
Qinhuangdao Olympic Sports Center Stadium was used as one of the soccervenues during the2008 Summer Olympics.
Qinhuangdao sits on the northwest coast of theBohai Sea and bordersTangshan to the southwest,Chengde to the northwest, andLiaoning to the northeast. Its administrative area ranges in latitude 39° 24' to 40° 37' N and in longitude from 118° 33' to 119° 51' E, and has a total area of 7,812.4 km2 (3,016.4 sq mi).
Since the elevation ofTianjin to aprovincial-level municipality, Qinhuangdao is the chief port of Hebei. TheQin emperorQin Shi Huang is said to have sought immortality on an island inHaigang District but did not find it.
Qinhuangdao has three main developed areas:
Qinhuangdao's Olympic Sports Centre Stadium was used as an Olympic Competition Venue (Football Preliminary) during the2008 Summer Olympics.
Qinhuangdao has amonsoon-influencedhumid continental climate (KöppenDwa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and dry due to theSiberian high, which often causes winds to blow in from the northwest, minimising the oceanic influence: the monthly daily average temperature in January is −5.6 °C (21.9 °F), colder than Beijing's −2.7 °C (27.1 °F).[8] Summers are hot and humid due to theEast Asian Monsoon, often allowing onshore flows; summer is also when the coast moderates the weather the most: the average temperature in July here is 24.7 °C (76.5 °F), as compared to 27.2 °C (81.0 °F) in Beijing.[8] As measured by daily mean temperature, July and August are equally warm, averaging 24.7 °C (76.5 °F). The annual mean is 10.6 °C (51.1 °F), and 70% of the annual precipitation falls from June to August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −26.0 °C (−14.8 °F) on 6 January 2010 to 40.0 °C (104.0 °F) on 15 June 2017.[9][10]
| Climate data for Qinhuangdao, elevation 2 m (6.6 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.6 (83.5) | 37.1 (98.8) | 40.0 (104.0) | 39.2 (102.6) | 36.3 (97.3) | 34.2 (93.6) | 29.5 (85.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 14.8 (58.6) | 40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) | 2.9 (37.2) | 9.2 (48.6) | 16.4 (61.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 9.7 (49.5) | 2.3 (36.1) | 15.8 (60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) | −2.7 (27.1) | 3.7 (38.7) | 11.0 (51.8) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 19.8 (67.6) | 12.4 (54.3) | 3.9 (39.0) | −3.1 (26.4) | 10.6 (51.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.6 (12.9) | −7.5 (18.5) | −1.3 (29.7) | 6.1 (43.0) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.5 (63.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 20.6 (69.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 6.9 (44.4) | −1.0 (30.2) | −7.7 (18.1) | 6.0 (42.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) | −19.3 (−2.7) | −16.3 (2.7) | −5.0 (23.0) | 3.0 (37.4) | 7.3 (45.1) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.4 (52.5) | 2.7 (36.9) | −6.4 (20.5) | −14.1 (6.6) | −18.8 (−1.8) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) | 4.3 (0.17) | 7.9 (0.31) | 24.4 (0.96) | 47.6 (1.87) | 86.3 (3.40) | 171.2 (6.74) | 163.9 (6.45) | 47.0 (1.85) | 28.1 (1.11) | 15.0 (0.59) | 3.6 (0.14) | 601.9 (23.69) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 10.1 | 11.3 | 9.3 | 6.6 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 66.7 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 11.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 54 | 56 | 56 | 58 | 64 | 77 | 83 | 81 | 73 | 65 | 58 | 54 | 65 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 189.3 | 187.4 | 235.4 | 243.5 | 262.0 | 218.2 | 188.4 | 209.9 | 221.6 | 204.7 | 174.7 | 178.5 | 2,513.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 63 | 62 | 63 | 61 | 59 | 49 | 42 | 50 | 60 | 60 | 59 | 62 | 58 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[11][12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[13] | |||||||||||||
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Chinese | Pinyin | Population (2020)[14] | Area (km2)[15] | Density (/km2)[15] |
| Urban | |||||
| Haigang District | 海港区 | Hǎigǎng Qū | 1,024,876 | 754.3 | 4,166 |
| Suburban | |||||
| Shanhaiguan District | 山海关区 | Shānhǎiguān Qū | 164,989 | 205.8 | 855 |
| Beidaihe District | 北戴河区 | Běidàihé Qū | 130,104 | 158.1 | 822.9 |
| Funing District | 抚宁区 | Fǔníng Qū | 291,211 | 1,039 | 352.2 |
| Rural | |||||
| Changli County | 昌黎县 | Chānglí Xiàn | 487,989 | 1,228 | 397.4 |
| Lulong County | 卢龙县 | Lúlóng Xiàn | 333,942 | 959.0 | 348.2 |
| Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County | 青龙满族自治县 | Qīnglóng Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn | 431,138 | 3,508 | 122.9 |
The Qinhuangdao Economic & Technology Development Zone was approved by theState Council of the People's Republic of China in 1984 to become one of China's first state-leveleconomic and technological development zones. Qinhuangdao is in the heart of the rapidly growing "Bohai-Rim Economic Circle", in easy reach of Beijing (280 km (170 mi)) and Tianjin (245 km (152 mi)).[16] It covers a sea area of 23.81 km2 (9.19 sq mi) and has a coastline of 6 km (3.7 mi). The planned and controlled area of the development zone has reached 56.72 km2 (21.90 sq mi). By the end of 2006, the number of approved projects reached 4,546, in which 647 projects were foreign-invested, with a total investment of US$4.73 billion.
QinhuangdaoExport Processing Zone is the first export processing zone in Hebei Province. It passed joint appraisal held by theGeneral Administration of Customs, theState Development Planning Commission, and other six departments in 2003. Industries encouraged in the zone include electronics assembly and manufacturing, building/construction materials, computer software, trading and distribution.[17]
Qinhuangdao Port is a strategically important port and is the largest coal shipping port in the country, much of which is shipped topower plants elsewhere in China. With recent expansion, its capacity has reached 209 million metric tons. The harbor is adding a further six berths to add capacity and is increasingly being invested in by other port operators, such as South Africa'sPort of Richards Bay, who have announced plans to invest US$150 million to increase capacity by at least 28 percent.
China is the world's third largestcoal exporter, and Qinhuangdao is expected to handle much of the nation's coal exports. Rail links fromShanxi (China's largest coal producer) to Qinhuangdao Port are being upgraded, which should allow for Qinhuangdao to ultimately increase its throughput to 400 million tonnes of coal per annum from its current level of about 250 million tons by 2015. In 2018, the updated railway reached a record annual throughput of 451 million tons.[18]
Other Chinese and foreign service suppliers are moving to Qinhuangdao to support this.China Ocean Shipping (Group) Co, China's biggest shipping company, expects US$49 billion of spending on ports over the next five years as the industry tackles bottlenecks created by the nation's unprecedented economic boom.[19]
Qinhuangdao is on theJingshen Expressway which links Beijing withShenyang, Liaoning. The city is served byQinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport.
TheQinhuangdao Wildlife Park was opened in 1995 and is China's second largest wildlife park.[citation needed]
Qinhuangdao is home to theTanghe River Park, which features the Red Ribbon, a knee-high steel sculpture that runs the length of the park, providing seating, environmental interpretation, lighting, and the display of native plants. The project has won an honor award from theAmerican Society of Landscape Architects and was selected by readers ofCondé Nast Traveler magazine as one of the seven new wonders of the architecture world.[20]
Lugo, Galicia, Spain
Pesaro, Marche, Italy
Toledo, Ohio, United States, since 1985Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, since May 5, 2010
Terrace, British Columbia, Canada, since November 30, 2015
Bohai Economic Rim Region | ||
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List of major cities and ports in theBER region | ||
| Municipalities |  | |
| Hebei Province | ||
| Liaoning Province | ||
| Shandong Province | ||
| International | |
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| Geographic | |
| Other | |
