| Qakare Ini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kakare, Qaikare; In(tef), Ini(tef), Sa-Ra-Ini | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Drawing of an inscription depicting Qakare's full titulary. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | early 20th century BCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dynasty | 11th–12th Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Qakare Ini (alsoIntef) was anancient Egyptian orNubian ruler who most likely reigned at the end of the11th and beginning of the12th Dynasty over Lower Nubia. Although he is the best attested Nubian ruler of this time period, nothing is known of his activities.
Qakare Ini is the best attested of a series of coeval Nubian rulers includingSegerseni andIyibkhentre.[2] Indeed, his fullpharaonic royal titulary is known thanks to 16 rock inscriptions found in Umbarakab, Mudenejar, Guthnis, Taifa,Abu Simbel andToshka, all inLower Nubia.[3][4] In any case, these inscriptions record Qakare Ini's titulary, sometimes only a cartouche, and never give any more details. In the case of the inscription from Toshka, Qakare Ini's name is inscribed next to that of Iyibkhentre. However, theEgyptologist Darrell Baker proposed that this was due to the lack of space on the rock rather than pointing to a connection between the two rulers.[3] Thus, the relationships between Qakare Ini and the other two Nubian rulers of the period,Segerseni andIyibkhentre, remain unknown.
Qakare Ini is not attested on any Egyptian king list.[3]
Qakare's personal name isIni although in literature he is sometimes reported asIntef orInitef; curiously, the epithetson ofRa is placed inside thecartouche, thus rendering his nameSa-Ra-Ini.
Qakare Ini could have been apretender to the Egyptian throne headquartered inLower Nubia, during the politically troubled period spanning the reign ofMentuhotep IV of the 11th Dynasty and the early reign ofAmenemhat I of the 12th Dynasty.[1][5] In fact, both those rulers seem to have had problems in being universally recognized as legitimatepharaohs. As Nubia had gained its independence from Egypt during theFirst Intermediate Period, it is possible that Qakare Ini was one of the last Nubian chieftains to resist the return of the Egyptians at the beginning of the 12th Dynasty.
EgyptologistGeorges Posener hypothesized that Qakare Ini was a Theban son of Amenemhat I and was descended from theMentuhotep dynasty through his mother, a secondary wife of Amenemhat. One of the aims of the plot that lead to the assassination of Amenemhat I would then have been to bring royal power and administration back to Thebes.[6] Moreover, Lilian Postel pointed out that his first name –Intef – is borne by several rulers of the11th Dynasty, and that hisHorus Name – Sénéfertaouyèf – is very close to the Horus Name – Séankhtaouyèf – ofMentuhotep III, the last great representative of the11th Dynasty.[7][8]
Hungarian Egyptologist László Török suggested a much more recent dating for Qakare Ini (as well as for the other two related rulers mentioned above), some time after the reign of pharaohNeferhotep I of the13th Dynasty, that during theSecond Intermediate Period, between 1730 and 1650 BCE.[9] This is rejected by Darrell Baker and theCzech archeologistZbyněk Žába who believe that Qakare Ini lived concurrently with the end of the 11th Dynasty in the late 20th century BCE.[3][10]
