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Q star

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hypothetical compact star

Not to be confused withQ* orquark star.

A simple diagram illustrating how some but not all light can escape from a grey hole

AQ-star, also known as agrey hole, is ahypothetical type of compact, heavyneutron star with anexotic state of matter. Such a star can be smaller than the progenitor star'sSchwarzschild radius and have a gravitational pull so strong that some light, but not all light, can escape.^[1] Light going in the opposite direction of thestar’s center would be the most likely to escape from it, while light going in a direction almost parallel to its surface is the most likely not to escape. TheQ stands for a conserved particle number. A Q-star may be mistaken for astellar black hole.^[2] Some stellar black holes might be grey holes, two of which areV404 Cygni andCygnus X-1.^[1]

Types of Q-stars

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Q-ball^[3]
B-ball, stable Q-balls with a largebaryon number B. They may exist inneutron stars that have absorbed Q-ball(s).^[3]

References

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^^a ^bBrecher, K. (1993-05-01). "Gray Holes".American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #182.182: 55.07.Bibcode:1993AAS...182.5507B.
^*Miller, J. C.; Shahbaz, T.; Nolan, L. A. (1998)."Are Q-stars a serious threat for stellar-mass black hole candidates?".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.294 (2):L25 –L29.arXiv:astro-ph/9708065.Bibcode:1998MNRAS.294L..25M.doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01384.x.
^^a ^bKusenko, Alexander (2006).Properties and signatures of supersymmetric Q-balls. workshop on Exotic Physics with Neutrino Telescopes. Uppsala, Sweden.arXiv:hep-ph/0612159.Bibcode:2006hep.ph...12159K.

v t e Black holes
Outline
Types	BTZ black hole Schwarzschild Rotating Charged Virtual Kugelblitz Supermassive Primordial Direct collapse Rogue Malament–Hogarth spacetime
Size	Micro Extremal Electron Stellar Microquasar Intermediate-mass Supermassive Active galactic nucleus Quasar LQG Blazar OVV
Formation	Stellar evolution Gravitational collapse Neutron star Related links Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit White dwarf Related links Supernova Micronova Hypernova Related links Gamma-ray burst Binary black hole Quark star Supermassive star Quasi-star Supermassive dark star X-ray binary
Properties	Astrophysical jet Gravitational singularity Ring singularity BKL singularity Shock singularity Theorems Event horizon Photon sphere Innermost stable circular orbit Ergosphere Penrose process Blandford–Znajek process Accretion disk Hawking radiation Gravitational lens Microlens Cauchy horizon Mass inflation Bondi accretion M–sigma relation Quasi-periodic oscillation Thermodynamics Bekenstein bound Bousso's holographic bound Immirzi parameter Schwarzschild radius Spaghettification
Issues	Information paradox Complementarity Soft hair Cosmic censorship ER = EPR Final parsec problem Firewall (physics) Holographic principle No-hair theorem
Metrics	Schwarzschild (Derivation) Kerr Reissner–Nordström Kerr–Newman Hayward
Alternatives	Nonsingular black hole models Black star Dark star Dark-energy star Gravastar Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object Planck star Q star Fuzzball Geon
Analogs	Optical black hole Sonic black hole
Lists	Black holes Most massive Nearest Quasars Microquasars
Related	Outline of black holes Black Hole Initiative Black hole starship Black holes in fiction Big Bang Big Bounce Compact star Exotic star Quark star Preon star Gravitational waves Gamma-ray burst progenitors Gravity well Hypercompact stellar system Membrane paradigm Naked singularity Population III star Supermassive star Quasi-star Supermassive dark star Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Superluminal motion Timeline of black hole physics White hole Wormhole Tidal disruption event Planet Nine
Notable	Cygnus X-1 XTE J1650-500 XTE J1118+480 A0620-00 Sagittarius A* Centaurus A Phoenix Cluster PKS 1302-102 OJ 287 SDSS J0849+1114 TON 618 MS 0735.6+7421 NeVe 1 Hercules A 3C 273 Q0906+6930 Markarian 501 ULAS J1342+0928 PSO J030947.49+271757.31 AT2018hyz Swift J1644+57 1ES 1927+654
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List

Formation

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Classification

Early Late Main sequence O B A F G K M Subdwarf O B WR OB Subgiant Giant Blue Red Yellow Bright giant Supergiant Blue Red Yellow Hypergiant Yellow Carbon S CN CH White dwarf Chemically peculiar Am Ap/Bp CEMP HgMn He-weak Barium Lambda Boötis Lead Technetium Be Shell B[e] Helium Extreme Blue straggler
Remnants	Compact star Parker's star White dwarf Helium planet Neutron Radio-quiet Pulsar Binary X-ray Magnetar Stellar black hole X-ray binary Burster SGR
Hypothetical	Blue dwarf Black dwarf Exotic Boson Electroweak Strange Preon Planck Dark Dark-energy Quark Q Black hole star Black Hawking Quasi-star Gravastar Thorne–Żytkow object Iron Blitzar White hole