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QSO J0529−4351
Wide-field of the region around the quasar J0529-4351
Observation data(Epoch )
Constellation	Pictor
Right ascension	05h 29m 15.8s
Declination	−43° 51′ 52″
Redshift	3.962[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	16[1]
Notable features	brightest of its kind most luminous object ever observed contains fastest growing black hole
Other designations
SMSS J052915.80−435152.0 Quasar J0529−4351
See also:Quasar,List of quasars

QSO J0529−4351 (SMSS J052915.80–435152.0) is aquasar, 12 billion light-years away in thePictor constellation, notable for being the most luminous object ever observed at roughly 500 trillion times the luminosity of the Sun. The black hole at its centre has a mass of approximately 17 billion solar masses, andaccretes around onesolar mass per day. In aGaia DR3 data set published on 13 June 2022, QSO J0529−4351 was assigned a 99.98% probability of being a star in theMilky Way via an automated analysis.^[1] However, the quasar was identified as one using theVery Large Telescope of theEuropean Southern Observatory; the discovery was announced on 19 February 2024.

The object itself was detected inESO images dating back to 1980, but its identification as a quasar occurred only several decades later.^[2]

An automated analysis of 2022 data from theEuropean Space Agency'sGaia satellite did not confirm J0529-4351 as too bright to be a quasar, and suggested it was a 16th magnitudestar with a 99.98% probability. In 2023, using observations from the 2.3-meterANU telescope atSiding Spring Observatory in Australia, it was identified as a distant quasar. However, discovering that this was the brightest quasar ever observed required a larger telescope—the X-shooterspectrograph on theEuropean Southern Observatory'sVLT in Chile'sAtacama Desert.^[3] However, additional observations are needed to definitively exclude the possibility ofgravitational lensing as a possible explanation for such a high brightness of the quasar.

We discovered an object whose true essence was not immediately recognized, although it literally looked into our eyes for many years, because it was shining brightly, most likely even before the birth of man. But now we understand that this is not just one of the nearby stars of our Milky Way, but a very distant object.

— project leader, employee of the Australian National University (ANU) Christian Wolf., BBC article

^[4]

The redshift of J0529-4351 is 3.962. The object itself is classified as aradio-quiet quasar. Fitting accretion models to the spectra yields an accretion rate of matter onto the black hole of 280 to 490 solar masses per year for an accretion disk around theblack hole observed at an angle of zero to 60 degrees, with accretion occurring near theEddington limit. The mass of the black hole is estimated at 17 billion solar masses, and the totalbolometric luminosity is 10^48.37ergs per second.

• List of quasars

• Astronomical objects discovered in 2024
• Pictor
• Quasars

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