Pyay ပြည်မြို့ ဍုၚ်ပြန် Prome
City
The view of Pyay andIrrawaddy River fromShwesandaw Pagoda
Country	Myanmar
Division	Bago Region
District	Pyay District
Township	Pyay Township
Area
• City	34.48 km2 (13.31 sq mi)
Population  (2014)
• Urban	134,861
• Metro	251,643
Time zone	UTC+6:30 (+6:30)

Pyay (Burmese:ပြည်မြို့;MLCTS:prany mrui.,pronounced[pjìmjo̰];Mon:ပြန်Mon pronunciation:[prɔn],Burmese pronunciation:[pjàɰ̃]; also known asProme andPyè) is the principal town ofPyay Township in theBago Region inMyanmar. Pyay is located on the bank of theIrrawaddy River, 260 km (160 mi) north-west ofYangon.^[1] It is an important trade center for the Ayeyarwady Delta, Central and Upper Myanmar and the Rakhine (Arakan) State.^[2] The BritishIrrawaddy Flotilla Company established the current town in the late 19th century on the Irrawaddy as a transshipment point for cargo betweenUpper andLower Burma. Pyay is also the terminus ofYangon-Pyay Railway which is the first railway line in Burma (Myanmar) opened on 1 May 1877. The English novelistJane Austen's brother Rear AdmiralCharles Austen died here in 1852.Shin Raṭṭhasāra, a Buddhist monk and prominent classical poet during theKingdom of Ava also died here in 1529 and a mausoleum was constructed to honor him.

The district of Pyay encompasses the valley of the Irrawaddy, located betweenThayet,Hinthada andTharrawaddy districts. Along the western side of Pyay District are theArakan Mountains and along the eastern side are thePegu Range. Pyay District's main towns are Pyay,Shwetaung, andPaungde.

The name "Pyay" means "Country" inBurmese, and refers to the ruins of the main city of thePyu city-states,Sri Ksetra (Burmese:သရေခေတ္တရာ,SanskritŚrīkṣetra "blessed place, country"), which is located 8 km (5.0 mi) to the south-east of modern Pyay and is in the village of Hmawza.

The north and north-east of the district is forest-covered, and contains numerous valleys and ravines, which unite in one large stream called the Nawin. The most important of the plains lie in the south and south-west portions of Pyay, and extend along the whole length of the railway that runs between. There are, in addition large tracts of land covered by jungle, which are available for cultivation. The principal river is theIrrawaddy River, which intersects the district from north to south; next in importance are theThani and its tributaries and the Nawin system of rivers. In the hills near the capital the soil is of Tertiary formation, and in the plains it is an alluvial deposit.

Historical Context:Historically, Pyay encompassed an area of approximately 18 square miles (47 square km) within its walled city.This made it one of the largest walled cities inSoutheast Asia during its peak.Present Day:The total area of Pyay City is now 34.48 square kilometers.The urban area has expanded rapidly since 1990, growing from 21.76 square kilometers to 34.48 square kilometers in 2018.This urban expansion has been concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of the city.Location and Importance:Pyay is located on the eastern bank of theAyeyarwady River, 260 kilometers northwest ofYangon.It serves as an important trade center for theAyeyarwady Delta,Central and Upper Myanmar, and theRakhine (Arakan) State.

Mucate surrounds the construction of Sri Ksetra.Htin Aung suggests that Pyu might have been founded in 78 CE, based on the Sanskrit / Pyu Era.D. G. E. Hall andGordon Luce, however, claim that civilisation of the Irrawaddy Valley could not have been possible before the 4th century, thus, attributing the founding of Sri Ksetra to 638, from which the current Burmese Kawza Era begins.

Sri Ksetra was the capital of the Pyu dynasty of Vikrama. The city was circular with walls enclosing about 46 km² (18 sq mi), making it the largest walled city in Southeast Asia during its peak. The city contained both housing and farms, as is evident from the remains of waterways and tanks which have been discovered.

The Chinese pilgrimsXuanzang andYijing mentioned Sri Ksetra in their mid-7th-century accounts.^[3] It is not known when precisely the Pyu abandoned Sri Ksetra and moved northward. It is speculated that their decline was due to the growth of the Irrawaddy river delta, cutting it off from coastal trade, and also from Mon and later Tai Shan incursions. Burmese chronicles state that when Anawrahta invaded the southern parts of modern-day Myanmar in 1057, he ordered the ruins of Sri Ksetra to be destroyed to prevent rebels from sheltering there. The Burmese came to call the old Pyu center Pyi. The extensive ruins have been the subject of intensive archaeological investigation.

Called Prome by the British (after the name that appears in the Portuguese texts of the 17th century), the city became part of British territory after theSecond Anglo-Burmese War in 1853. The town was taken by the British in 1825 during theBattle of Prome and again in 1852, on both occasions with hardly any opposition. In 1862, it was almost entirely destroyed by fire, and was afterwards relaid out in straight and broad streets. It was erected into a municipality in 1874, and since then great improvements have been made, including waterworks.

During World War II the city was the site of theBattle of Prome. The city was later retaken by the British Army in May 1945.

Pyay has atropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw). Temperatures are hot throughout the year, especially in the months before the monsoon from March to May when average maximum temperatures exceed 36 °C or 96.8 °F. The winter months from December to February are somewhat milder than the rest of the year. There is a winter dry season from December to April and a summer wet season from May to November, although rainfall during this wet season is much less extreme than in coastal cities likeYangon or especiallySittwe.

The main crop isrice, but some cotton and tobacco are grown, while the custard apples are famous.Sericulture is extensively carried on by a special class. The forests yieldteak andcutch, cotton and silk-weaving are important industries; there are also manufactures of ornamental boxes, coarsebrown sugar and cutch.

For a town of its size, Pyay is well-renowned for a number of local delicacies.^[5] It is reputed for thePyay palata (ပြည်ပလာတာ), consisting ofparatha,Burmese chicken and potato curry, and raw onions.^[6] It is also known for a number ofBurmese salads, including thePyay rice salad (ပြည်ထမင်းသုပ်) andPyay assorted salad (ပြည်အသုပ်စုံ).^[5][7]

Pyay also produces a local pickled delicacy calledtaw laphet (တောလက်ဖက်;lit. 'rurallaphet') orNibbinda laphet (နိဗ္ဗိန္ဒလက်ဖက်).[8] Originating fromBurmese nunneries in the hills surrounding Pyay, thelaphet is fermented from the leaves of thenaywe (နရွဲ) tree, orkyettet (ကြက်တက်), theCombretum pilosum plant.^[9][10] The pulp is then tightly wrapped into driedbanbwe (ဘန့်ပွေး) leaves and left soaking in regularly changed water for up to 2 years, before it is consumed.^[9]Taw laphet is otherwise consumed in an identical fashion to traditional laphet.^[9]

To the south and south-east, the town is closed in by low pagoda-topped hills, on one of which stands the conspicuous gildedShwesandaw Pagoda. The Shwesandaw Pagoda is a notableBuddhist pagoda in the center of Pyay.^[11]

To the west of Pyay, crossingIrrawaddy river through Nawaday bridge, stands the Shwebontha Muni Pagoda. The Buddha statue is one of three replica of theMaha Myat Muni Buddha statue, believed to date back 554 B.C. when the king Sandar Thuriya ruled.^[12]

Pyay City has three universities and one degree college. The universities arePyay University (PU),Pyay Technological University (PTU), andComputer University, Pyay. Pyay University is situated near to the town centre of Pyay. PTU, which is one of the highest-ranked universities in Myanmar, is situated between Hnawgone and Latkhoukpin village, a few miles away from Pyay. CU, Pyay is situated near the new town. Pyay Education Degree College is located on Pyay-Magway Road near Titut Village.

• Pyay 500-bed General Hospital
• Pyay Traditional Medicine Hospital
• Aung Zaw Oo - 1 Private Hospital
• Aung Zaw Oo - 2 Private Hospital
• Myo Thuka Private Hospital
• Aung Tharaphu Private Hospital
• Lawkaparla Private Hospital
• Pyi Myanmar Private Hospital
• Paramishin Private Hospital
• Thanlwin Private Hospital

• UNyi Pu (1900-1996), a Burmese actor and film director, the very first film actor in Burmese cinema
• A1Tin Maung (1908-2000), a two-time Burmese Academy Award-winning film actor, director and producer, the youngest brother of UNyi Pu
• General ThuraKyaw Htin (1925-1996), Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Union of Burma, former Deputy Prime Minister of Burma and Minister of Defence
• Khin One (1947-2000), Burmese painter, writer and singer
• Thukhamein Hlaing (1948), Burmese poet, songwriter and writer

Wikivoyage has a travel guide forPyay.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toPyay.

• Cœdès, George (1968).The Indianized States of South-East Asia. University of Hawaii Press.ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
• Htin Aung (1967).A History of Burma. Columbia University Press, 1967.
• Htin Aung; Asoka Society (1970).Burmese history before 1287: a defence of the chronicles. the Asoka Society.ISBN 9780718921149.
• Stargardt, Janice (1 January 1990).The Ancient Pyu of Burma: Early Pyu cities in a man-made landscape. PACSEA.ISBN 978-1-873178-00-3.
• Thant Myint-U (2011).The River of Lost Footsteps. Faber & Faber.ISBN 978-0-571-26606-7.

• Capitals of Mon kingdoms
• Populated places in Bago Region
• Township capitals of Myanmar
• Populated places established in the 1st millennium

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