| Putra ڤوترا | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tuanku Sir Syed | |||||||||
_(cropped).jpg) Putra in 1964 | |||||||||
| King of Malaysia | |||||||||
| Reign | 21 September 1960 – 20 September 1965 | ||||||||
| Installation | 4 January 1961 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Hisamuddin | ||||||||
| Successor | Ismail Nasiruddin | ||||||||
| Raja of Perlis | |||||||||
| Reign | 4 December 1945 – 16 April 2000 | ||||||||
| Installation | 12 March 1949 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Syed Hamzah Jamalullail [ms] | ||||||||
| Successor | Syed Sirajuddin | ||||||||
| Born | (1920-11-25)25 November 1920 Arau, Perlis,Unfederated Malay States | ||||||||
| Died | 16 April 2000(2000-04-16) (aged 79) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | ||||||||
| Burial | 17 April 2000 Arau Royal Mausoleum, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia | ||||||||
| Spouse | |||||||||
| Issue |
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| House | Jamalullail | ||||||||
| Father | Tuan Syed Hassan ibni Almarhum Tuan Syed Mahmud Jamalullail | ||||||||
| Mother | Che Puan Wan Teh Binti Wan Endut | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail (Jawi:توانكو سر سيد هارون ڤوترا ابن المرحوم سيد حسن جمل الليل; 25 November 1920 – 16 April 2000) was theRaja of Perlis from 1945 until his death in 2000, and the thirdYang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), from 1960 to 1965.
Putra was born inArau and was the son of Syed Hassan bin Syed Mahmud Jamalullail (1897 – 18 October 1935), sometimebakal raja orheir presumptive to the throne ofPerlis, by his commoner wife Wan Teh binti Wan Endut (1898 – 27 December 1952).[1] He was educated at the Arau Malay School and later atPenang Free School between 1937 and 1939.[2] At 18, he joined the Perlis administrative service, becoming a magistrate and in 1940, was transferred toKuala Lumpur to serve as Second Magistrate in the Criminal Court.[3]
The fourth Raja of Perlis, Syed Alwi ibni Syed Safi Jamalullail (born 1881;r. 1905–1943) was childless and had several half-brothers competing for the role of heir presumptive.[4] Succession to the Perlisian throne was not automatic and an heir presumptive had to be confirmed in that post by the State Council comprising the raja and several others.[5]
Syed Putra's paternal grandfather Syed Mahmud (died 1919), was the oldest son of Raja Syed Safi ibni Almarhum Syed Alwi Jamalullail (the third Raja). He was also a half brother of Raja Syed Alwi.[6] He served as raja muda until 1912[7] when he was convicted and jailed inAlor Star,Kedah until 1917. Two years later, he died in Alor Star.[8] On 6 December 1934, Syed Mahmud's son Syed Hassan was, by a three to one vote, selected by the State Council asbakal raja or heir presumptive. However, Syed Hassan died on 18 October 1935.[9]
On 30 April 1938, again by a three to one vote, the State Council chose Syed Putra (son of Syed Hassan) as thebakal raja. This choice was opposed by Syed Hamzah, the younger half-brother of Raja Syed Alwi and Vice-President of the State Council on the grounds that Syed Putra was too far removed from the throne underIslamic inheritance laws (primogeniture did not then apply in Perlis). However, the British colonial rulers supported Syed Putra.[10]
At the outbreak of thePacific War, Raja Syed Alwi retreated toKuala Kangsar,Perak. He returned to Perlis on 28 December 1941 but was already very ill and state affairs were exercised by Syed Hamzah.[11] Syed Putra was at the time serving in the judiciary inKuala Lumpur and had been advised bySultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah ofSelangor to remain there. In May 1942, Syed Hamzah persuaded Raja Syed Alwi to withdraw Syed Putra's appointment asbakal raja and instead Syed Hamzah himself was appointed to that post. Raja Syed Alwi died in Arau on 1 February 1943 and a day later, before the funeral, Syed Hamzah was proclaimed fifth Raja of Perlis, by the consent of the Japanese Military Governor ofKedah andPerlis.[12]
Syed Putra and his family stayed inKlang until 15 May 1942 when he returned toPerlis. He lived in a hut near theArau railway station and received a monthly allowance of $90 from Raja Syed Alwi but this ceased on the latter's death.[13] On 29 March 1945 he left forKelantan, the home state of his consortTengku Budriah, where he sold cakes and sundry goods for a living.[14]
TheBritish Military Administration (BMA) underLord Mountbatten refused to recognise Syed Hamzah as Raja. On 18 September 1945, Syed Hamzah abdicated.[15][16] He went into exile inThailand and died inArau on 20 February 1958.[17]
On 4 December 1945 the British proclaimed Syed Putra as sixth Raja of Perlis.[18] He returned to Perlis fromKelantan, viaPadang Besar. He was installed on 12 March 1949.[19]
Raja Syed Putra objected to theMalayan Union treaty on the grounds that it contravened the 1930 British-Perlis Treaty giving governing power to the raja-in-council. However, his protests that he signed under duress was rejected by the British. Subsequently, like all other Malay rulers, Raja Syed Putra refused the Malayan Union treaty.[20]
Raja Syed Putra was elected DeputyYang di-Pertuan Agong by the Malay rulers and served in that office from 14 April 1960 until the death ofSultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah on 1 September 1960.
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Raja Syed Putra was elected as the thirdYang di-Pertuan Agong ofMalaya and served in that office from 21 September 1960. At 39 years and 301 days, he is the youngest Yang di-Pertuan Agong ever elected. He was installed at theIstana Negara on 4 January 1961. On 16 September 1963Malaya,British Borneo,Sarawak andSingapore unified into theFederation of Malaysia. He completed his term in office on 20 September 1965. His son,Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin was elected as the 12th Yang di-Pertuan Agong and served from 2001 to 2006 after the death of the incumbent,Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah.
Raja Syed Putra's term of office as Yang di-Pertuan Agong was marked by theIndonesia–Malaysia confrontation between newly created Malaysia and its larger neighbour,Indonesia. He offered to stay on as Yang di-Pertuan Agong at the end of his term, to see out the end of confrontation, but this suggestion was rejected by Prime MinisterTunku Abdul Rahman.[21]
As Yang di-Pertuan Agong, he instructed proper treatment of theroyal regalia, which he believed was partly responsible for the mysterious illness and death of SultanHisamuddin of Selangor, his immediate predecessor.[22]
Raja Syed Putra became the doyen of the Malay rulers, giving advice to more junior rulers especially during the constitutional crisis with the Prime MinisterMahathir Mohamad in 1983 and 1993.
He died at theNational Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur on 16 April 2000 from a heart attack. At that time, he was the longest reigningmonarch in the world, a position he inherited fromFranz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein in 1989. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum inArau,Perlis.[23]
Tuanku Syed Putra married twice:
Perlis
Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK)
Knight Grand Companion (Dato' Sri Setia) of the Most Esteemed Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (4.12.1995) - SSPJ
Knight Grand Commander (Dato' Sri Paduka) of the Most Illustrious Order of the Crown of Perlis (= the Star of Safi) - SPMP
Malaysia (asYang di-Pertuan Agong 1960–1965)
Recipient of theRoyal Family Order of Malaysia - DKM (1966, after reign)_-_DMN.svg)
Grand Master (1960-1965) and Recipient of theOrder of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 4 February 1959)[25]_-_SMN.svg)
Grand Commander (SMN) and Grand Master (1960-1965) of theOrder of the Defender of the Realm
Founding Grand Master (3–20 September 1965) of theOrder of the Royal Family of Malaysia
Malaya Recipient of theOrder of the Crown of the Realm (DMN) (31 August 1958)[26]
Johor
First Class of theRoyal Family Order of Johor (DK I)
Kedah.svg)
Member of theRoyal Family Order of Kedah (DK)
Kelantan
Recipient of theRoyal Family Order of Kelantan (DK)
Negeri Sembilan
Member of theRoyal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS)
Pahang
Member 1st class of theFamily Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I) (24 October 1980)
Perak.svg)
Recipient of theRoyal Family Order of Perak (DK) (1985)[27]
Selangor
First Class of theRoyal Family Order of Selangor (DK I) (1970)[28]
Terengganu
First Class Member of theRoyal Family Order of Terengganu (DK I)
Sabah
Grand Commander of theOrder of Kinabalu (SPDK) -Datuk Seri Panglima (1971)
Sarawak_-_1._Knight_Grand_Commander_(DP).svg)
Knight Grand Commander of theOrder of the Star of Hornbill Sarawak (DP) -Datuk Patinggi
United Kingdom
Knight Commander of theOrder of St Michael and St George (KCMG) –Sir (1956)[29] Companion of theOrder of St Michael and St George (CMG, 1948)[30]
Recipient of theQueen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)
Brunei
Family Order of Brunei 1st Class (DK) –Dato Laila Utama (23 September 1958)[31]
Cambodia
Grand Cross of theRoyal Order of Cambodia (21 December 1962)
Egypt
Grand Cordon of theOrder of the Nile (17 April 1965)
Japan
Collar of theOrder of the Chrysanthemum (15 June 1964)[32]
Jordan
Collar of theOrder of al-Hussein bin Ali (24 April 1965)
Pakistan
1st class of theNishan-e-Pakistan (28 December 1961)
Philippines
Grand Collar of theOrder of Sikatuna (GCS) (10 February 1961)
Saudi Arabia
Collar of theOrder of the Badr Chain (3 April 1965)
Thailand_ribbon.svg)
Grand Cross of theOrder of the Rajamitrabhorn (20 June 1962)[33]Putra of Perlis House of Jamalullail Born: 25 November 1920 Died: 16 April 2000 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Hisamuddin Alam Shah (Sultan of Selangor) | Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Supreme King of Malaysia) 21 September 1960 – 20 September 1965 | Succeeded by Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (Sultan of Terengganu) |
| Preceded by Syed Hamzah | Raja of Perlis 4 December 1945 – 16 April 2000 | Succeeded by |
 | ||
