Pumsavana Simantonayana (Sanskrit:पुंसवन सीमन्तोन्नयन,romanized: Puṃsavana Sīmantonnayana) is a combined performance of the twoHindu rites ofPumsavana andSimantonnayana (Also called Srimantham), practised during the contemporary period.[1]
Both form a part of the prenatal rituals, part ofsamskara (rites of passage) in theHindu tradition. These rituals are observed inIndia by the pregnant mother and father of the child, during the seventh or eighth month of pregnancy.[2][3][4]
The four prenatal rites which are part of the 16samskaras (personal sacraments followed byHindus and which are based onGrhya Sutras) performed on a single day, in the modern times, starting from morning till evening, are the following.[2]
Srimantham is a family and a community festival with prayers seeking safe birth of the child. This is the third of 16 samskaras.[2][5]
There is difference of opinion on the months when it should be performed. The authorities are not unanimous whether thissaṃskāra should be performed at each pregnancy or it should be performed only during the first conception. According toAshvalayana,Baudhayana,Apastamba,Paraskara, Harita andDevala it should be performed only once. But other authorities think that it should performed during every pregnancy.[5]
Pumsavana (Sanskrit:पुंसवन,Puṁsavana) is also a vedic prescribed rite that is performed to beget a son. This is performed during the second, third or fourth month of pregnancy.[6]
In some regions, this rite is combined withSrimantham and the two together is called the Pumsavana Srimantham. It includes a luncheon feast.[2][3]
This is usually performed in the evening after theSrimantham orPumsavana Srimantham is performed.Valakappu ( 'valai' inTamil means "bangle" or "bracelet" and 'kappu' means to "adorn"). On this occasion, which is the prerogative of the women folk of the family to perform, the pregnant mother would be dressed in a finesilk saree, and women of all ages slipbangles andbracelets on her arm. The reasoning for this is that the bangles would act as "protectiveamulet againstevil eye andevil spirits". This is a ritual which the Indian immigrant families in theUnited States also observe along withSrimantham andpooshuttal. It is similar to thebaby shower ritual observed in other parts of the world.[2][3]
In many Tamil BrahminIyer families, the mother-to-be wears a black saree for this ritual. Black is usually not allowed for any good occasion but this is a special occasion that asks for a black saree. It is also called as "masakai karuppu" meaning yearning for black. Anything that the mother-to-be yearns for must be fulfilled! The mother and mother-in-law of the lady start the ritual off by adorning the lady with 3 bangles made of Neem leaf, silver and gold. Post this all the ladies who are attending put the bangles for the mother-to-be. The ceremony closes with anarati.
Another related rite that used to be observed in the earlier days, as a separate ritual, but is now combined withSrimantham, inSouth India is called thepuchutal meaning "adorning the head of the expectant mother with flowers".[7] After observing this ritual, in the olden days, the expectant mother used to go to her parental house for delivery. In the traditional practice, the parents of the expectant mother offer gifts of new clothes, sweets, betel leaves and nuts and coconuts to their daughter and son-in-law.[4]
Food prepared on this occasion is special and consist of rice, sambhar, rasam, chutney, two or three types of vegetable dishes,payasam, laddu, curd andappalam, and many more items.[4]
