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Puffing Billy Railway
Victorian Railways NA class 6A atBelgrave station in 2002
Overview
Locale	Melbourne,Victoria,Australia
Termini	Belgrave (Puffing Billy) Gembrook
Connecting lines	Belgrave line
Former connections	Upper Ferntree Gully line
Stations	11
Website	puffingbilly.com.au
Service
Type	Heritage Railway
System	Puffing Billy Railway
Services	3 to 6 services daily (except Christmas Day)
Rolling stock	Victorian Railways narrow gauge
History
Commenced	1899
Opened	1900
Completed	1900
Closed	1954
Reopened	from 1962 in stages
Technical
Line length	25.1 km (15.6 mi)
Number of tracks	Single track
Track gauge	2 ft 6 in (762 mm)
Operating speed	24 km/h (15 mph)

Puffing Billy Railway is a volunteer operated2 ft 6 in (762 mm)narrow gaugeheritage railway in the southern foothills of theDandenong Ranges inMelbourne, Australia. The railway was one of the fivenarrow gauge lines of theVictorian Railways which opened around the beginning of the 20th century. Situated near the city ofMelbourne it is one of the most popular steamheritage railways in the world,^[1] attracting tourists locally and overseas.

Opened in 1900, the railway branched off the broad gauge network at Upper Ferntree Gully winding its way through the Dandenong Ranges and ending in the township of Gembrook, passing through stops such as Upwey, Tecoma, Belgrave, Emerald and Cockatoo on the way. Puffing Billy now operates between Belgrave & Gembrook, offering various tourist experiences related to the train and local area. The railway is popularly known for its open air carriages that allow passengers to sit on the side and dangle their legs off the moving train, a tradition that has existed since the introduction of the open air "NBH" carriages in the 1920s.

The original line was opened in 1900 with the intention of serving timber traffic out of Gembrook as well as local farming produce along the whole route of the line and to serve the Nobelius nursery & orchard. Holiday goers heading to Belgrave also became a massive draw card in the 1920s for passenger traffic. The railway had attracted a number of. The railway was popular with locals living in the area throughout its operational history as public transport and services never ceased although they reduced with the end of world war 2 and dwindled in the early 1950s reduced to 1 train a week and a road motor service. Operations stopped in 1953 after a landslide blocked the line betweenSelby andMenzies Creek, and it was formally closed in 1954. with the Victorian Railways not deeming the endeavour financially viable to reopen as the railway had not made a single profit since its opening in 1900.^[2]

Following closure, a few farewell specials operated on the remaining usable section to Belgrave, and these proved very popular. On 1 October 1955, thePuffing Billy Preservation Society was formed to keep the railway running indefinitely. They operated trains to Belgrave until 1958 when services again ceased for conversion to a broad-gauge, electrified suburban line. The society started work on restoring the Belgrave toLakeside section.Rover Scouts attending the 7th World Rover Moot held at Wonga Park assisted in the clearing of the line between Belgrave and Menzies Creek as part of the event's community service component.^[3] On 28 July 1962 trains resumed running between Belgrave and Menzies Creek.^[4]

Operations were extended over the remainder of the original line, opening toEmerald on 31 July 1965 and Lakeside on 18 October 1975 before reachingGembrook, which was opened on 18 October 1998. The first trains to Gembrook carried children from the primary schools along the Belgrave–Gembrook corridor, two of which directly adjoin the railway and the remainder not more than a street away.^[5][6][7]

The railway operates daily (except forChristmas day and adverse weather days) Its infrastructure is restored and recreated to reflect the heyday of the line between 1900 and 1930, and is operated with some of the railway practices from theVictorian Railways of that era, such as using the"Staff and Ticket" safeworking system. In the 2016/17 financial year, Puffing Billy carried 487,237 passengers, up more than 60,000 from the previous financial year.^{[citation needed]}

When the Puffing Billy Preservation Society was formed in 1955, the line was still under the control and ownership of the Victorian Railways (V.R.).^[8] The society arranged for the V.R. to run the train on weekends and holidays, with the Society guaranteeing the V.R. against losses from insufficient ticket sales. Society volunteers took the role of conductors, checking tickets on the train, and fund-raising. That arrangement continued until theUpper Ferntree Gully toBelgrave section of the line was closed in 1958.

When the line reopened in 1962, between Belgrave and Menzies Creek, society volunteers took a larger role, staffing stations, selling and checking tickets, doing non-safety-critical maintenance on the train, and track maintenance under the supervision of a V.R. ganger. Ticket revenue went into an account on which the V.R. drew to pay its staff involved in running the line.^[9][10]

The V. R. was not in the preservation or tourism business, and the arrangement was less than ideal, so theVictorian Government passed the Emerald Tourist Railway Act 1977 (No. 9020), which set up the Emerald Tourist Railway Board (ETRB) as astatutory authority to take over ownership and operation of the railway from the V. R. after 1 October 1977.^[11][12] The act required that the Board have between five and ten members, four of whom were to be nominated by the Puffing Billy Preservation Society. The ETRB was defined as the operator of the Railway, with the Puffing Billy Preservation Society providing the volunteer support.

All volunteers on the railway were directly engaged by the ETRB and were required to register and complete a range of induction processes. The railway still relied heavily on the volunteers, who welcome guests from all parts of the world and are highly trained to supply the safe and successful operation of the railway.^[13]

There are many roles required to operate a heritage steam railway in compliance with modern obligastions. They include signalmen, guards, firemen, engine cleaners, drivers, track patrollers, fire patrollers, safeworkers, station-masters, conductors, booking clerks, refreshment staff, gardeners, maintenance workers, researchers, and administration. Staff also operate across management, finance, human relations (HR), Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S), child safety, workshops, way and works, and operational staff who support the volunteer roles.

In 2022, the Emerald Tourist Railway Act 1977 was replaced by thePuffing Billy Railway Act 2022. That move was partly influenced by the recommendations in the 2018 report by theVictorian Ombudsman on the activities of child sex offender Robert Whitehead at the Puffing Billy Railway and other Victorian heritage railway organisations.^[14] The new act replaced the ETRB with the Puffing Billy Railway Board, the role of which was "to operate, manage and maintain the infrastructure and assets of the Puffing Billy Railway".^[15] The running of trains services remained largely in the hands of volunteers organised by the Puffing Billy Preservation Society, and they continue to be at the core of the day-to-day operation of the railway.^[16]

In 2014, Robert Whitehead, a long-serving volunteer of various positions and roles on the railway most notably the Railways secretary was charged and convicted of dozens of child sexual offences between 1959 and 2015. He died while serving out his sentence in prison in 2015.^[17] Whitehead had been convicted and jailed in 1959 for molesting aboy scout, but he returned to his job at the Victorian Railways. He joined the Puffing Billy Railway as a volunteer in 1961^[18] and rose to become Secretary of the Puffing Billy Preservation Society. He used his position to meet and molest boys into the 1990s.^[19] In 2018, theombudsman's report on the case found that the board of the railway had known about Whitehead's activities and had actively protected him.^[18] The Victorian Ombudsman Report has made a number of changes and recommendations all of which have been met by the railway since. In 2022 a new Victorian Parliamentary Act was passed that reorganised the Emerald Tourist Railway Board into the Puffing Billy Railway Board.^[20] The Act modernised the governance of the railway which was noted by the Ombudsman to have failed in regards to the protection from abuse by its high-ranking members.^{[citation needed]}

The railway owns all the survivingVictorian Railways narrow-gauge locomotives and has restored all but one to operating condition, although not all are running at any one time. This includes 2-6-2NA class locomotives 3A (unrestored), 6A, 7A, 8A, 12A and 14A, andG classGarratt locomotive G42.

In December 2019NG G16 Garratt locomotive 129 imported from South Africa entered service. It had been purchased in 1996, and was rebuilt and re-gauged for the Puffing Billy. It complements the operational capabilities of G42. The NA class locomotives are limited to pulling a maximum of 12 carriages, while the Garratts can haul up to 18.

The railway has a number of smaller steam locomotives at museum at Menzies Creek, either on static display or in operating condition. These include aPeckett0-4-0ST, 2Decauvilles (one is a0-4-0T, and the other a2-4-2ST) both from theWest Melbourne Gasworks, and aClimaxgeared locomotive from theTyers Valley Tramway. They occasionally operate special trains and at events such asThomas the Tank Engine days.

Puffing Billy Railway also offers driver experience days on the smaller steam engines. The Climax engine has been restored for this purpose as it has a large driving cab and is unique in Australia.

The railway operates three diesel locomotives which are used on days of total fire ban, plant or works trains, or when too few steam locomotives are available, including in emergencies. D21 is formerTasmanian Government Railways V class V12, while DH5 and DH59 are exQueensland Railways DH class. All were regauged and rebuilt for the railway.^[21] DieselRail Tractor (NRT 1) is mainly used for shunting rolling stock at the carriage workshops.

Image	Number	Type	Builder	Serial number	Year built	Status	Notes
	3A	NA class 2-6-2T	Newport Workshops		1900	Display	The first of the VR-builtNA class locomotives, built at theVictorian RailwaysNewport Workshops, utilising spare parts supplied withBaldwin-built 1A. Stored disassembled for future restoration. In 2015 it was placed on static display at the Menzies Creek Museum. In June 2020 it was moved to Lakeside for Display in the new Discovery Centre.
	6A				1901	Undergoing Overhaul	Has been restored as near as practicable to "as new" condition (1901–1906) of two-tone green with white lining, low-height bunker, extended side tanks, etc. It was fitted with aLempor Exhaust System between 2002 and 2017, now taken out of traffic in March 2019 for a D exam and Overhaul and as of January 2021 is awaiting new boiler tubes prior to reassembly, but will return to service in December 2023.
	7A				1905	Operational	Has been restored as near as practicable to as new condition (1905–1910) ofCanadian Pacific red & brown with white lining, low-height bunker, smallhead lamps, etc.
	8A				1908	Operational	Has been restored as near as practicable to its 1923–1937 era of all-over black, modified front end with tapered smoke stack, large head lamps, extended bunker, etc.
	12A				1912	Operational	Has been restored as near as practicable to its 1911–1921 era of Canadian Pacific red & brown with white lining and low-height bunker, however has been given the large-style headlamps rather than the small head lamps, plus a full-width ash chute rather than the narrow ash chute.
	14A				1914	Operational	Has been restored as near as practicable to its later era (1938–1946) of all-over black, extended bunker, large head lamp, guard irons instead of cow-catchers, etc. It underwent conversion to oil firing during 2017 and testing in early 2018 before full return to service. 14A was Converted Back to Coal Firing in November 2024
	G 42	G class 2-6-0+0-6-2	Beyer, Peacock & Company	6268	1926	Stored Awaiting Overhaul	The last remainingG class Garratt locomotive from the Victorian Railways. Restored to steam in 2004 as near as practicable to its 1946–1954 era of all-over black with extended cab roof, original style smoke stack, kerosene-style lamps, cow-catcher, mid-height marker lamps, etc. G42 was withdrawn in 2021 for a major overhaul, And is currently stored in the Menzies Creek Museum on display until the time comes for it to enter the workshops at Belgrave.

Image	Number	Type	Builder	Serial number	Year built	Status	Notes
	129	NG/G16 2-6-2+2-6-2	Beyer, Peacock & Company	7430	1951	Operational	South African Railways2 ft (610 mm) gaugeNG/G16 Garratt locomotive, imported to Australia in 1996.[22] Rebuilt and re-gauged to2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge as a backup for G 42. Entered service in December 2019.[23]
	1694	Climax, Two-truck	Climax Locomotive Works	1694	1928	Operational	Climax geared steam locomotive, the last built and the only one ever built to2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge. Purchased by theForests Commission Victoria and used on theTyers Valley Tramway to haul timber trains until 1949. After decommissioning the locomotive in the 1950s it was stored (abandoned) at the State Sawmill site at Erica until it was transferred to Puffing Billy's museum for static display in 1965. Restored to steam by the PBR in the 1980s. A major overhaul has been finished and it returned to service in September 2013.[24]
	861 Decauville	2-4-2ST	Couillet forDecauville		1886	Stored Pending overhaul	Previously owned byMelbourne Metropolitan Gas Company for use at theWest Melbourne Gasworks. Extensively rebuilt in the 1970s as part of an attempt to restore a section of theWalhalla railway line. Privately owned and leased to the PBR. Used on Footplate Experience Trains. 861 is currently on display in Menzies Creek Museum pending a boiler inspection.
	986 Carbon	0-4-0T	Couillet forDecauville		1890	Stored Pending overhaul	Previously owned byMelbourne Metropolitan Gas Company for use at the West Melbourne Gasworks. Used at a park inFrankston in the 1970s. Privately owned and leased to the PBR. New Boiler fitted in 2013 and due to return to traffic once final works have been completed.
	Peckett 1711 "Sir John Grice"	0-4-0ST	Peckett & Sons	1711	1926	Stored Awaiting Overhaul	Previously owned byMelbourne Metropolitan Gas Company for use at the West Melbourne Gasworks. Often used at PBR decorated forThomas the Tank Engine events. It has also run in an alternate guise asPeter Peckett from 1991 to 1999.
	127	NG G16 2-6-2+2-6-2	Beyer, Peacock & Company			Static Display	South African Railways2 ft (610 mm)NG G16 Garratt locomotive previously used on theBanana Express, imported to Australia in 2012. Currently in storage as a source of spare parts for sister locomotive 129 and for possible future rebuild and regauging to2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge as a second backup for G 42. Currently on display in the Menzies Creek Museum.
	14 Shay	Shay Two-truck	Lima Locomotive Works		1912	Static Display	Shay geared locomotive formerly used on theAlishan Forest Railway inTaiwan, gifted by Taiwan Government in 1972.[25] On Display in the Menzies Creek Museum.
	3 Sub Nigel	0-6-0WT	Orenstein & Koppel	12331	1931	Static Display	Formerly used by the Sub Nigel Gold Mining Company in South Africa. On Display in the Menzies Creek Museum.
	1 "Delta"	0-6-2T	Perry Engineering	7967.50.4	1950	Static Display	Ex-Qunaba Mill[26]
	4	0-4-2ST	Hudswell Clarke	1559	1925	Static Display Awaiting Overhaul	Ex-Pleystowe Mill[26]
	9	0-6-0	Hudswell Clarke	1863	1952	Static Display	Ex-Macknade Mill[26]

The mainstay of the carriage fleet are the 15 NBH open-sided carriages built specially for tourist traffic on the Gembrook line by the V.R. between 1918 and 1919, and a further 10 vehicles built to the same or similar design in the preservation era.^[27] However, there are also a number of enclosed carriages, both saloon and compartment cars. In addition, four carriages were obtained from theMount Lyell railway line inTasmania after its closure in 1963, and regauged and reclassified for Puffing Billy use, numbered 1 to 4 NBL. They are namedMt Lyell,Rinadeena,Teepookana andDubbil Barril respectively, reflecting their Tasmanian heritage. During the 1980s and 1990s they were all upgraded to first class carriages, recoded 1 to 4 NAL, and are now primarily used on the Luncheon train and Dinner trains.

Several carriages have been temporarily converted to include a guard's compartment. A number of NQR low-sided goods trucks have also been modified for passenger use, making them similar to the NBH carriages. Another three NQR trucks have been fitted with seats but no roof and are only used during the summer peak season.

Number	Image	Year built	Builder	Status	Notes
NB				Operational

Representatives of all classes of goods vehicles and brake vans (including combined brake van and passenger carriage) used on the narrow gauge lines of the Victorian Railways are to be found on the Puffing Billy line, and are used for works trains, storage, and occasional heritage trains recreating the look of trains in the 1920s.

Solo One was a TV police drama series produced byCrawford Productions that screened in 1976, filmed and set inEmerald, Victoria, about a local (fictional) policeman dealing with crime in the town, however it was aimed at a younger audience than most Australian TV police dramas. It featured Puffing Billy in the opening credits scene as well as being part of most story-lines.

The ABC children's dramaCome Midnight Monday^[28] was filmed in and around Belgrave, Emerald & Cockatoo and featuring Puffing Billy locomotive 12A—renamed "Wombat"—as the main character.

Filming ofA Country Practice in the fictional town of Wandin Valley (the towns of Wandin, Wandin North and Wandin East are however 30 km north of Emerald) was moved to Emerald when the show moved toNetwork 10, and occasionally featured Puffing Billy.

The 1966 television specialThe Seekers at Home filmed a segment at Puffing Billy, whereThe Seekers sing "Morningtown Ride" to a group of children.^[29]

Filming ofRound the Twist was in and around Belgrave to Lakeside.

In 1997, the soap operaNeighbours filmed scenes set on and around the train. The characters ofDarren Stark andLibby Kennedy lost youngLouise Carpenter and chased after the train en route to Belgrave on a motorbike to catch up with her after discovering she had boarded it.

v t e Puffing Billy Railway
Legend
km Belgrave line toFlinders Street 41.3 Belgrave (Broad-gauge) ● 41.4 End of Metro area 42.0 Belgrave (Narrow-gauge) Old Monbulk Road Monbulk Creek Belgrave-Gembrook Road Greenwell Road foot crossing foot crossing Long Pockitt Lane 45.2 Selby foot crossing (Former Station Street) Selby-Aura Road School Road 48.99 Menzies Creek School Road Belgrave-Gembrook Road 50.99 Clematis Edenmont Road Pinnocks Road Belgrave-Gembrook Road 52.67 Emerald Kilvington Drive foot crossing Beaconsfield-Emerald Road 53.45 Nobelius Siding 54.85 Nobelius 56.59 Lakeside (Emerald Lake) Former Park Access Road (Pedestrian Only) Park Access Road Wright Road 57.79 Wright Cockatoo Creek 60.59 Cockatoo Healesville-Koo Wee Rup Road Doonaha Road 62.59 Fielder Farm access Orchard Road foot crossing Belgrave-Gembrook Road 66.99 Gembrook (heritage platform) Russell's Siding 67.18 Gembrook (town platform) km
broad gauge 2 ft 6 in narrow gauge

Regular Puffing Billy services usually only stop at stations shown inbold print at the right. Stops at other stations can be made by request. Distances are fromSouthern Cross station.

• Speed Limit 20— history of Victorian Government Narrow Gauge Lines, Edward A. Downes, ARHS(V), 1963^[30][31][32]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toPuffing Billy Railway, Melbourne.

• Official website
• Emerald Tourist Railway Act 1977 (No. 9020)

37°54′27″S145°21′24″E / 37.90750°S 145.35667°E /-37.90750; 145.35667

• Tourist attractions in Victoria (state)
• Tourist railways in Victoria (state)
• 2 ft 6 in gauge railways in Australia
• 1900 establishments in Australia
• Transport in the Shire of Yarra Ranges
• Transport in the Shire of Cardinia

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