Pudukkottai | |
|---|---|
| Historical City of Tamilnadu | |
| Nickname(s): Thondaiman Pudukkottai , Princely State | |
  Pudukkottai Location in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates:10°23′00″N78°48′00″E / 10.383300°N 78.800100°E /10.383300; 78.800100 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Tamil Nadu |
| District | Pudukkottai |
| Collector | Mrs. M.Aruna,IAS |
| Superintendent of Police | Mrs. Vandita Pandey,IPS |
| Founded by | Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman |
| Named after | The New Fort was built at Pudukkottai and it was built by the King Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman, who was the founder of the princely state of Pudukkottai. The name Pudukkottai means "New Fort". |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Pudukkottai Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Mrs. S.Thilagavathi Senthil (2022-Present) |
| • Deputy Mayor | Mr. M.Liyakath Ali (2022–Present) |
| • Municipal Commissioner | Mr. D.Narayanan (2024-Present) |
| Area | |
• Total | 121.26 km2 (46.82 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 116 m (381 ft) |
| Population (2024) | |
• Total | 225,500 |
| • Density | 1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pudukkottaikaran |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 622001 – 622006 |
| Telephone code | 04322 |
| Vehicle registration | TN-55 |
| Sex ratio | 995 per 1,000 males♂/♀ |
| Website | www |
Pudukkottai, also locally referred to Puduvai, is the administrative headquarters ofPudukkottai district in theIndian state ofTamil Nadu. It is one of the oldest and Heritage city which is located on the banks of theVellar River.[1] It has been ruled, at different times, by theMutharaiyar dynasty,Cholas,Early Pandyas,Thondaimans. It is situated about 372 kilometres (231 mi) southwest of the state capitalChennai,50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast ofTiruchirappalli,108 kilometres (67 mi) northeast ofMadurai.
Pudukkottai is called as city of cradle of archeology. Being the district headquarters, Pudukkottai has district administrative offices, besides government educational institutes, colleges, and schools. Pudukkottai is a part of thePudukkottai constituency and elects its member to the legislative assembly every five years; and is a part of the Lok Sabha constituency comprisingRamanathapuram,Sivaganga,Tiruchirappalli andKarur. The city is administered by a selection-grade municipality established in 1912 as per the Municipal Corporation Act. Pudukkottai covers an area of 21.25 km2 (8.20 sq mi) and had a population of 117,745 in 2011. Roadways are the major mode of transport to the city, while it has also got rail connectivity. The nearest airport isTiruchirappalli International Airport, located at a distance of 45 km (28 miles) from the city.
It is one of the few towns and cities inList of AMRUT Smart cities in Tamil Nadu selected for AMRUT Schemes[2] from central government and the developmental activities are taken care bygovernment of Tamil Nadu.[3] On 15 March 2024, theGovernment of Tamil Nadu announced that the town along with the surrounding mergedpanchayats will be upgraded frommunicipality tocorporation status (Tamil:மாநகராட்சி).[4]
Pudukkottai was a kingdom and later aprincely state inBritish India, which existed from 1680 until 1948.
Theprincely state of Pudukottai was created byRaghunatha Raya Tondaiman. Raghunatha Thondaiman earlier had ruledThirumayam. In appreciation of Ragunatha Thondaiman's services,Ragunatha Kilavan Setupati gave Pudukkottai as an honor for his services. In later centuries, the Thondaiman rulers, while nominally feudatories of theRamnad state, often pursued an independent foreign policy, a trend common in all parts of India at that time. After the death of Ragunatha Kilavan Setupati Ragunatha Thondaiman become ruler of Pudukottai.[5]
After becoming the ruler of Pudukottai, Thonddaiman fought against theNayaks of Thanjavur in support of theNayaks of Madurai and conqueredThirukattupalli, a very important place. Then there was a direct clash between the Thondaimans of Pudukottai and the Nayaks, rulers of Tanjore.[6] Thondaiman conquered the west of Thirukkattupalli. The next ruler, Raja Vijaya Reghunatha Raya Thondaiman, helped the Arcot Nawab againstHyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore. He was also loyal to the British Government. After some time, when Hyder Ali's army tried to enter Pudukkottai, Thondaiman's army defeated them and drove Hyder's army away. Thondaiman captured Kilanilai and Aranthangi. He helped the British government againstTipu Sultan.
Pudukkotai finally came under formal British protection. This was arguably unavoidable since the Thondaimans were much menaced in that period by a resurgent Mysore, ruled by Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. When Tipu Sultan sought to leverage the power of theFrench against his British adversaries, Pudukkotai, in common with its neighbors, such asThanjavur andTravancore, found it expedient to ally with the British.[7]
Raja Rajagopala Thondaiman (1928–1948), the last and ninth in the line of Thondaiman rulers, was selected by the British Government and was crowned when he was six years old. After Indian independence in 1947, the Pudukkottai Princely State was amalgamated with the Indian Union on 3 April 1948 and became a division in Tiruchirappalli District. The long history of the Thondaimans' rule came to an end.
Some of the major kings of the dynasty areTondaiman (1686–1730),Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman,(1730–1769),Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769 – Dec 1789),Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (Dec 1789 – 1 February 1807),Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1 February 1807 – June 1825),Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825 – 13 July 1839),Ramachandra Tondaiman (13 July 1839 – 15 April 1886),Marthanda Bhairava Tondaiman (15 April 1886 – 28 May 1928) andRajagopala Tondaiman (28 October 1928 – 4 March 1948).
Pudukkottai became aprincely state ofBritish India under the political authority ofMadras Presidency. The state had an area of 4663 Sq.miles and in 1901, a population of 380,000. The Rajas of Pudukkotai were entitled to a 17-gun salute. The last Thondaiman raja of Pudukkottai acceded to newly-independent India in 1948, and the state became a division of theTrichinopoly District ofMadras State. The state was reorganized twice in the succeeding decade, taking its present form in 1956; it was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968. On 14 January 1974, the presentPudukkottai District was formed from parts of Tiruchirappalli andThanjavur districts.[8]
Pudukkottai City is located at10°23′N78°49′E / 10.38°N 78.82°E /10.38; 78.82 in the valley of the Vellar River. The city has a semi-arid climate with high temperatures throughout the year and relatively low rainfall. Pudukkottai has a plain terrain with a few rocky hills in the outskirts. Urugumalai, Athimalai, Chennaimalai are the hills that surround the city. The rivers that flow in Pudukkottai are Amaravathy, Noyal, Bhavani, and Kaveri. There are no notable mineral resources available in and around the district. Red loam and red sand are the types of soil found in the town.Paddy,groundnuts,bananas andsugarcane are the major crops in the region. Pudukkottai experiences hot and dry weather throughout the year. The temperature ranges from a maximum of 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) to a minimum of 17.8 °C (64.0 °F). Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months, and December to January are the coldest. Pudukkottai receives an average rainfall of 978.8 mm (38.54 in). The Southwest monsoon, starting in June and lasting up to August, brings scanty rainfall. A bulk of the rainfall is received during the North-East monsoon in the months of October, November and December.[9] The municipality covers an area of 21.25 km2 (21,250,000 m2).[10][11][12]
| Religious census[citation needed] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent(%) | |||
| Hindu | 88.28% | |||
| Muslim | 5.86% | |||
| Christian | 6.13% | |||
| Sikh | 0.02% | |||
| Other | 0.26% | |||
| No religion | 0.26% | |||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 50,428 | — |
| 1971 | 66,384 | +31.6% |
| 1981 | 87,952 | +32.5% |
| 1991 | 99,058 | +12.6% |
| 2001 | 109,217 | +10.3% |
| 2011 | 117,745 | +7.8% |
| Sources: | ||
According to2011 census, Pudukkottai had a population of 117745 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males.[15] A total of 960 were under the age of six. The town enjoys a high literacy rate of 91.35% as of 2011 census.[15][14] As of 2001, 20 slums were identified in the town and approximately 37,740 people resided in the slums. The population of the town decreased during the 1991–2001 period is attributed to the migration to other cities in search of employment and lesser job opportunities in the town.[13] The city covers an area of 21.25 square kilometres (8.20 sq mi).
As per the religious census of 2011, Hinduism is the majority religion in Pudukkottai city with 79.40% followers. Islam is the second most popular religion in the city of Pudukkottai with approximately 15.14% following it. In Pudukkottai city, Christianity is followed by 4.89%, Jainism by 0.00%, Sikhism by 0.02%, and Buddhism by 0.02%. Around 0.04% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.50% stated 'No Particular Religion'.
The Thondaiman king, Vijaya Raghunatha rebuilt the town based on the principles of town planning so that the main streets were laid intersecting at right angles with the palace at the center.[11] Out of the total area, 80.85% of the land is marked developed and 19.15% of the city remains undeveloped.Residential areas makeup 60.1% of the town's total area while commercial enterprises and industrial units make up 4.43% and 1.47% respectively.[16] The population density is not uniform throughout the town. It is high in the center and lowers in peripheral areas such as Sivagandapuram, Ganesh Nagar, and the Tamil Nadu Housing Area. The density ranges from 200 to 300 persons per hectare in the central part of the town and 16 – 55 persons per hectare (PPH) in the peripheral areas with low-density Hindus form the majority of the urban population, followed by Muslims and Christians. Tamil is the main language spoken in the city, but the use of English is relatively common; English is the medium of instruction in most educational institutions and offices in the service sector.[13]
| City Corporation Officials | |
|---|---|
| Mayor | Mrs. Thilagavathi Senthil[17] |
| Corporation Commissioner | Mr. Narayanan[18] |
| Deputy Meyor | Mr. Liyakath Ali[19] |
| Elected members | |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | Mr. Muthuraja[20] |
| Member of Parliament | Su. Thirunavukkarasar[21] |
Pudukottai Municipal Corporation is the headquarters of thePudukkottai district. The city was constituted as a third-grade municipality in 1912, promoted to first-grade during 1963 and selection-grade from 1998. The Pudukkottai municipality has 42 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards.[22] The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the executive head.[23] The legislative powers are vested in a body of 42 members, one each from the 42 wards.[24] The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson.[25]
Pudukkottai is a part of thePudukottai and it elects a member to theTamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years.[26] From the 1977 elections, All India Anna Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won the assembly seat three times (in 2001 and 2006 elections), four times byDravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK, 1989, 1996, 2016 and 2021), four times byIndian National Congress (INC) (1977, 1984 and 1991 elections). The current MLA of Pudukottai constituency is Dr.Muthuraja from DMK party.[27][28][29]
Pudukottai is a part of thePudukkottai (Lok Sabha constituency) till the 2004 elections before delimitation in 2009 – it had the following six assembly constituencies –Peravurani,Pudukkottai,Alangudi andArantangi state assembly constituencies.[30] From the 2009 elections, the town is part ofTiruchirappalli constituency and the current Member of Parliament isSu. Thirunavukkarasar from theIndian National Congress. From 1951, the erstwhile Pudukottai parliament seat was held by the Indian National Congress for six times (during 1957, 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991 and 1999 elections), Dravid Munnetra Kazhagam three times (during the 1971, 1996 and 2004 elections) and once each by KMPP (during 1951 elections), CPI (during 1962 elections), CPM (during 1967 elections) and AIADMK (during 1998 elections).[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The current Member of Parliament from the constituency isSu. Thirunavukkarasar fromIndian National Congress.[44]
Law and order in the city are maintained by the Pudukottai subdivision of theTamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are four police stations in the town, with one of them being an all-women police station. There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice, and human rights, district crime records and the special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police.[45]
ThePudukottai Municipal Corporation maintains 122.84 km (76.33 mi) of roads. The city has 4.16 km (2.58 mi) concrete roads, 9.78 km (6.08 mi) WBM roads, 6 km (3.7 mi) gravel roads, 2.5 km (1.6 mi) footpaths and 100.4 km (62.4 mi) bituminous road. A total of 19.908 km (12.370 mi) of state highways is maintained by the State Highways Department and national highways by the National Highways Department.[46]
There are two national highways namely the NH 336Trichy –Ramanathapuram road andNH 36Vikravandi –Manamadurai road that pass via Pudukkottai. There are two state highways that pass via the town –SH 26 Trichy – Mimisal road andSH 71Musiri – Sethubavachatram road. The other major district roads connect Pudukkottai to other parts of the district. The Pudukkottai bus stand is a A-grade bus stand located in the centre of the town. TheState Express Transport Corporation operates long-distance buses connecting the city to important cities likeChennai andBengaluru. TNSTC Kumbakonam division operates frequent intercity and intrastate buses to cities likeKumbakonam,Tiruchchirapalli,Thanjavur,Madurai,Coimbatore,Aranthangi,Karaikudi,Devakottai,Sivagangai,Pattukkottai,Ponnamaravathi,Rameswaram,Kodaikanal,Dindigul,Theni,Tiruppur,Karur,Palani,Salem,Erode,Mettupalayam,Nagapattinam,Velankanni,Villupuram,Vellore,Tiruvannamalai,Nagercoil,Tiruchendur andThoothukudi.[47][48]KSRTC operates daily buses betweenBengaluru and Pudukkottai.
Pudukkottai railway station has daily express trains to and fromChennai,Rameswaram and weekly express trains toCoimbatore,Puducherry,Kanyakumari,Varanasi andBhubaneshwar. The town has passenger train services to Trichy, Manamadurai, Rameswaram and Karaikudi.[49][50]
The nearest local and international airport is theTiruchirapalli International Airport, located 45 km from the town.
Sittannavaasal (Ancient drawings and Stone beds).
Government Museum (This is the second largest museum of Tamil Nadu).
Thirumayam Fort.
Pudukulam (this is a large man-made tank supporting the water needs of Pudukottai town)
Pudukottai palace – A sand casket with a mantra written by saintSadasiva Brahmendra of the 18th century is preserved. A grand palace in Pudukkottai.
TheSIPCOT Industrial Complex is located onTiruchirappalli –Rameswaram National Highways (NH 210). This Industrial complex is well connected by Road, Rail, and Air. It was established in 1980. The allotment of land commenced in 1982 to accommodate Engineering and General Industries. The total extent of complex area is 421.10 acres (1.7041 km2).
Pudukkottai district is predominantly an agricultural oriented district. Generally a dry and hotclimate prevails in this district and this district's agricultural production depends mainly on therainfall. The normal annual rainfall of the Pudukkottai district is 922.8 mm. Out of which 52.2 mm is received in winter, 124.6 mm is received in hot weather period, 351.9 mm is received during southwest Monsoon and 394.1 mm is received in North-East Monsoon. Recently Tamil Nadu Agricultural University started Diploma college in agriculture at Kudimiyanmalai with a approximate strength of 50 students including girls.
There are 5,451irrigation tanks available in this district, of which 172 tanks were system tanks fed by Grand Anaikat Channel and the remaining are rain-fed tanks. There are about 47,583 wells in the district catering an area of 100,993 Ha.[51]Paddy is the majorcrop of this district. 90000 Ha. of the area is covered under paddy, out of which 135000 Ha. of the area is fed withKaveri Mettur Project through the G.A. canal. The remaining area is well and tank fed. The present productivity level is 4.985 Mt. ofPaddy /Ha. Other than Paddy,Groundnut is the major crop in this district which is mainly cultivated under rainfed conditions. Groundnut is being cultivated in 36000 Ha. asrain fed crop and 8000 Ha. under irrigated condition.Millet,pulse,cotton,sugarcane,gingelly are the other crops cultivated in this district.
As of 2011, there were 33 schools in Pudukkottai: nine primary schools, seven middle schools, and 17 high and higher secondary schools. There were three arts and science colleges, namely, H.H.The Rajah's College for men, Govt. Arts College for Women and Govt. College of Education. There were five industrial training institutesITI in the town, namely, DIET, Govt. Industrial Technical Institute, Advanced I.T.I., Central ITI, Little flower ITI and SriBrahathambal ITI.[52]
Electricity supply to Pudukkottai is regulated and distributed by theTamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). A Chief Distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.[53] Water supply is provided by the Pudukkottai Municipality from theCauvery river through Jeyapuram head water works located 86 km (53 mi) away and Ammaiyappatti water works located 9.06 km (5.63 mi). In the period 2000–2001, a total of 7 million litres of water was supplied every day for households in the town.[54] As per the municipal data for 2011, about 30-35 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected from Pudukkottai every day by door-to-door collection and subsequently the source segregation and dumping was carried out by the sanitary department of the Pudukkottai municipality. The coverage of solid waste management in the town by the municipality had an efficiency of 100% as of 2001.[55] There is no underground drainage system in the town and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.[56]
The municipality maintained a total of 191 km (119 mi) of storm water drains in 2011: 55 km (34 mi) pucca drains and 136 km (85 mi) open drains.[57] As of 2011, there were a total of 31 hospitals, municipal dispensary, private dispensaries and private general clinics and five clinical labs that take care of the health care needs of the citizens.[58] As of 2011, the municipality maintained a total of 4,039 street lamps: 631 sodium lamps, 3,450 tube lights and one high mast beam lamp.[59] The municipality operates one weekly market, two daily vegetable markets and one daily fish market that cater to the needs of the town and the rural areas around it.[60]
Schools and colleges include:
There is a very famous sports club in Pudukottai called Kavinadu Sports Club. This club trains young talented athletes who are doing good in District, State, Country, and even World level sports. Two main long-distance runners that India has at the moment (2017) are Miss. Surya and Mr. Lakshmanan who have been trained in this club. Lakshmanan received gold medals for both 5,000 and 10,000 meters running in the Asian Athletic championship, 2017. He is the first person from India to win two gold medals in the Asian Athletic championship. He also took part in world championships in London, 2017, and finished the 5,000 meters heat with a personal best of 13:35.69 minutes.[citation needed]
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