Przeworsk | |
|---|---|
Market Town | |
 Town Hall | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Przeworsk | |
| Coordinates:50°4′N22°30′E / 50.067°N 22.500°E /50.067; 22.500 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship |  Subcarpathian |
| County | Przeworsk |
| Gmina | Przeworsk(urban gmina) |
| Established | 10th-11th century |
| First mentioned | 1280 |
| Town rights | 1393 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Leszek Kisiel |
| Area | |
• Total | 21.98 km2 (8.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 200 m (700 ft) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 15,747 |
| • Density | 720/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 37–200 |
| Car plates | RPZ |
| Website | www |
Przeworsk (Polish:[ˈpʂɛvɔrsk];Ukrainian:Переворськ,romanized: Perevors'k;Yiddish:פּרשעוואָרסק,romanized: Prshevorsk) is a town in south-easternPoland with 15,675 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009.[1] Since 1999 it has been in theSubcarpathian Voivodeship, and is the capital ofPrzeworsk County. The ancientPrzeworsk culture was named after the town.
Przeworsk was a settlement since the 10th century, though evidence of human settlement in the general area is even older. It is first mentioned in historical records from the 13th century, and was granted its town charter in 1394. From 1772 the town was part of theHabsburg monarchy where it remained until 1918 when an independent Poland returned. Przeworsk is located onEuropean route E40. It also is an important railway junction, with trains going in three directions – east (towardsPrzemyśl), west (towardsRzeszów) and north (towardsStalowa Wola).
Przeworsk has some 60 historic buildings, including two fortified Gothic abbeys, a town hall, the Lubomirski Palace inclassical style, abaroque monastery, and an open-air museum (skansen). The town covers an area of 22 square kilometres (8.5 square miles).
In 13th centuryRuthenian documents, Przeworsk was speltPereworesk. In the 14th and 15th centuries, its name was subject to variation. It was calledPreworsko,Przeworsko,Przeworszko,Przeworscho,Przeiworsko,Przyworsko andPrziborsko. Since the 15th century, the namePrzeworsko was most often used.
In the earlyMiddle Ages, a defensivegord existed there. The area was included in the emerging Polish state by its first historic rulerMieszko I in the 10th century. In 981 it was annexed from Poland by theKievan Rus', and afterwards, in theHigh Middle Ages, it changed owners several times betweenPoland and the Rus', and even fell to theMongol Empire in the mid-13th century. It was first mentioned in documents from 1280, when, after the Battle of Gozlice (23 February 1280) between Lesser Polish and Ruthenian-Tatar forces, DukeLeszek II the Black raided theKingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, then vassal of theGolden Horde, capturing and setting alight the city of "Perevoresk"
"Въ лѣт̑ 6789 (1281) Иде Льстько на Лва и взѧ оу него городъ Переворескъ и исъсѣче и люди в нем̑ вси ѿ мала и до велика и город̑ зажьже и поиде назадъ во своӕси"[2]
In the year 6789, (1281) Leszek attackedLeo I of Galicia, and took his city of Perevoresk and killed all in it, sparing neither young or old and having burnt the town to the ground he left.
After theGalicia–Volhynia Wars in mid-14th century, this territory of theKingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, was reincorporated to theKingdom of Poland by KingCasimir III the Great and afterwards transformed into theRuthenian Voivodeship within the largerLesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. Soon Polish settlers came to the deserted border areas, and in November 1387, KingWładysław II Jagiełło ceded Przeworsk to the Voivode ofSandomierz,Jan of Tarnow,Leliwa coat of arms. Przeworsk grew fast, and on 25 February 1393, Jagiełło granted it a town charter.
Until the 18th century, Przeworsk was aprivate town of severalPolish noble families, as it passed throughTarnowski,Ostrogski andLubomirski ownership. Since 1470, it was the seat of theLand court for the western territory ofPrzemyśl Land in the Ruthenian Voivodeship. Przeworsk became the second largest town in the area afterPrzemyśl, prospering in the period known as, thePolish Golden Age. It was situated on a round hill, 212 metres (696 feet)above sea level. Its center was protected by a rampart with a moat. The town hall was built in the 15th century.
SinceCrimean Tatars often raided the southeasternPoland, and sometimes even reached its south-central parts, in 1510 the construction oframparts was started. The defences of Przeworsk consisted of three main elements: a fortified Bernardine monastery in the east, a fortifiedOrder of the Holy Sepulchre monastery in the west, and the town with its three gates in the middle. These fortifications turned out to be inadequate, as both in 1612 and 1624, Przeworsk was captured by the Tatars. Later, the town was captured by the Cossacks (1672, 1677), Swedes (1702) and Russians during theGreat Northern War. On 22/23 March 1656,Charles X Gustav of Sweden spent one night here, during his failed raid on south-central Poland. Przeworsk suffered in several successive fires (1712, 1717, 1739, 1740, 1759). All these events contributed to the town's steep decline.
In the mid-18th century, the town's population consisted of 76% Roman Catholics (Poles) and 24% Jews.[3]
InFirst Partition of Poland, in 1772, Przeworsk was annexed by theHabsburg Empire, remaining in AustrianGalicia until November 1918. In the late 18th century, the Austrian authorities pulled down the obsolete late-medieval ramparts and gates. The town remained in decline until the late 19th century, when it became a railway junction, and a center of sugar production, with the Przeworsk Sugar Refinery (1895). In 1859, Przeworsk was connected by rail withKraków by theGalician Railway of Archduke Charles Louis. In 1902 it had a new railroad toRozwadów, and in 1904, a narrow gauge line toDynów was completed. The population began to grow, new housing was built, together with a monument dedicated to KingWładysław II Jagiełło (1910), butWorld War I brought destruction to the town.
In 1918 Poland regained independence, and in theSecond Polish Republic Przeworsk was part ofLwów Voivodeship. In 1929, it became of a county seat and in 1930, several buildings burned down in a fire.
During the joint German-Sovietinvasion of Poland, which startedWorld War II, Germany conducted air raids on 3, 5 and 6 September 1939, in which several people were killed and many were wounded.[4] Przeworsk was captured by theWehrmacht on 9 September 1939, and then theEinsatzgruppe I entered the town to commit variousatrocities against Poles.[5] TheGerman occupation lasted until 27 July 1944. During theIntelligenzaktion, on November 3, 1939, the Germans deceitfully gathered the local Polishintelligentsia for a formal meeting, then arrested 58 people and imprisoned them inRzeszów.[6] TheJewish community was decimated inGerman extermination camps.
ThePshevorskHasidic dynasty, which originated in Przeworsk, is now mainly located inAntwerp,Belgium.
The localfootball team isOrzeł Przeworsk [pl]. It competes in the lower leagues.
Przeworsk istwinned with:
Seat:Przeworsk (urban gmina) | ||
| Urban-rural gminas |  | |
| Rural gminas | ||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
