Province-level divisions 省级行政区 Shěngjí Xíngzhèngqū
Provinces   Autonomous regions   Municipalities   Special administrative regions
Category	Unitary state
Location	China
Number	34[a]
Subdivisions	Sub-provincial city,prefectures

ThePeople's Republic of China is officially divided into 34^[a] province-level administrative divisions, the first level ofadministrative division in the country. There are four types of divisions at the province level:

• Provinces (23)
• Autonomous regions (5)
• Municipalities (4)
• Special administrative regions (SARs, 2)

Province-level divisions can trace their origins back to theYuan dynasty. Thepolitical status ofTaiwan Province, as well as smallportions of other provinces, are disputed.

The legislative branch at the provincial level is thePeople's Congress, modeled on theNational People's Congress. Provincial People's Congresses have had legislative powers since 1979, and pass laws on a wide variety of issues.^[1] The executive branch is the Provincial People's Government, led by agovernor in the provinces, amayor in provincial-level cities, achairman in the autonomous regions. The head of the government is assisted by a number of subordinate officials such as Vice-Governors.^[2] The head of the People's Government is appointed by theState Council.^[b][1] That said, the People's Governments are responsible to both the State Council and the regional People's Congress, and implement the decisions of both bodies.^[3] They also pass the State Council's instructions down to the lower levels of the administration. Province-level governments have the power to set budgets and raise revenue, although they are subject to the State Council's approval. They can pursue development projects without seeking central government approval.^[1]

As with thecentral government, province-level divisions are governed by parallel party and state structures. Each province-level branch of theChinese Communist Party (CCP) holds a Party Congress every five years. The congress will elect a Party Committee, which in turn elects aStanding Committee. The Standing Committee includes a party secretary, who is the leader of the CCP in that province-level division. The Standing Committee usually includes the top members of the People's Government as well.^[4]

• 
  Anhui Provincial People's Government building
• 
  Fujian Provincial People's Government building
• 
  Guizhou Provincial People's Government building
• 
  Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government building
• 
  Shaanxi Provincial People's Government building
• 
  Yunnan Provincial People's Government building

The first province-level divisions were created in theYuan dynasty, and have remained one of the most stable forms of Chinese government since then.^[5] They were created to help the Imperial court manage local county governments, which were too numerous and far-flung to be managed directly.^[6] The number of provinces grew steadily during subsequent dynasties, reaching 28 by the time of theRepublic of China.^[7] Under the Nationalist Government, large cities began to be classified separately from other administrative units. Starting in 1930, some of these "special cities" became "direct jurisdiction cities" under the central government, the predecessor of province-level cities.^[8] During theWarlord Era, provinces became largely or completely autonomous and exercised significant national influence. Province-level units proliferated and under the early People's Republic there were over 50.^[9]

In the mid-1950s, the People's Republic (PRC) made several major reforms to province-level administration. Despite closely modelling other aspects of the PRC on the Soviet Union, the CCP's experience with territorial disintegration during the Warlord Era led them to reject the Sovietfederal structure.^[10] Instead, the total number of provinces was significantly reduced and theunitary state structure was retained. Most direct jurisdiction cities were abolished, although a few became province-level cities. Limited autonomy was granted to ethnic minorities in five new "Autonomous Regions" (see below).^[10] People's Congresses were set up to run province-level governments. During theCultural Revolution, these Congresses each elected a revolutionary committee to exercise both executive and legislative power when they were not in session.^[11] Province-level divisions had limited independent authority before the period ofReform and Opening-up, due to thecentrally planned nature of the economy. Their main role was to implement the decisions made by the central government regarding production goals, raising and spending of revenue, and resource allocation.^[12] However, in contrast with the Soviet system, there was some degree of regional autonomy. Many provincial governments ran smaller manufacturing firms independently of the central government.^[1] Since 1979, the central government has granted increased decision-making authority to provincial level governments. In turn, they have devolved the power to make local regulations to cities and other local governments.^[11][13]

• List of Chinese administrative divisions by population
• List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP
• List of current Chinese provincial leaders
• Tiao-kuai – Quasi-federal administration in China.

• Guo, Rongxing (2017).How the Chinese Economy Works (4th Revised ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
• Goodman, David S.G. (2015).Handbook of the Politics of China. Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
• Zhang, Li; LeGates, Richard; Zhao, Min (2016).Understanding China's Urbanization: The Great Demographic, Spatial, Economic, and Social Transformation. Northampton, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
• Saich, Tony (2015).Governance and Politics of China (Fourth ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Chung, Jae Ho; Lam, Chiu (2010).China's Local Administration: Traditions and Changes in the Sub-National Hierarchy. New York: Routledge.
• Fitzgerald, John (2002).Rethinking China's Provinces. New York: Routledge.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toProvinces of the People's Republic of China.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide forList of Chinese provinces and regions.

• Interactive Dbresearch.com: WebMapArchived 2016-04-06 at theWayback Machine —with economic indicators for all Chinese Provinces.

• Province-level divisions of China
• Lists of administrative divisions of China
• Administrative divisions of China
• First-level administrative divisions by country

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