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Proto-Eskaleut language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reconstructed ancestor of the Eskimo–Aleut languages
Proto-Eskaleut
Proto-Eskimo–Aleut
Proto-Inuit-Yupik-Unangan
Reconstruction ofEskaleut languages
Lower-order reconstructions

Proto-Eskaleut,Proto-Eskimo–Aleut orProto-Inuit-Yupik-Unangan[citation needed] is the reconstructed common ancestor of theEskaleut languages, family containingEskimo andAleut. Its existence is known through similarities in Eskimo and Aleut. The existence of Proto-Eskaleut is generally accepted among linguists. It was for a long time true that nolinguistic reconstruction of Proto-Eskaleut had yet been produced, as stated byBomhard (2008:209). Such a reconstruction was offered byKnut Bergsland in 1986.Michael Fortescue (1998:124–125) has offered another version of this system, largely based on the reconstruction ofProto-Eskimo in theComparative Eskimo Dictionary he co-authored with Steven Jacobson and Lawrence Kaplan (1994:xi).

Phonology

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Fortescue reconstructs the phoneme inventory of Proto-Eskaleut as follows:[1]

Consonants
LabialAlveolarVelarUvular
plainpalatalized
Nasalmn(nʲ)[1]ŋ
Plosivepttʲkq
Affricatec[2]cʲ[2]
Fricativevoiceless
voicedvðɣʁ
Lateral fricative(ɬ)[3]
Approximantlj[4]
Vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Midə
Opena

Notes:

  1. ^*/nʲ/ may not have been distinct from */n/; Fortescue reconstructs it for the correspondence of "Sirenikski Eskimo initial /j/, elsewhere /n/".
  2. ^abIt is not clear from Fortescue's description whether the sounds denoted by */c/ and */cʲ/ were affricates [tstsʲ] or fricatives [ssʲ].
  3. ^*/ɬ/ may have been a later development from clusters of */l/ with a plosive.
  4. ^*/j/ was most likely a fully palatal approximant, but it is grouped with the palatalized alveolars for convenience.

Possible relation to other language families

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See also:Eskaleut languages § Position among the world's language families

There are no generally accepted relations between Proto-Eskaleut and other language families. A substantial case for agenetic relationship between Proto-Eskaleut, Yukaghir and Uralic was published byMichael Fortescue in 1998 inLanguage Relations across Bering Strait (seeUralo-Siberian languages).

References

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  1. ^Fortescue 1998, pp. 124–125 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFortescue1998 (help)

Bibliography

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  • Bergsland, Knut. 1986. "Comparative Eskimo–Aleut phonology and lexicon".Journal de la Société finno-ougrienne 80:63–137.
  • Bomhard, Allan R. 2008.Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic: Comparative Phonology, Morphology, and Vocabulary, 2 volumes. Leiden: Brill.
  • Fortescue, Michael, Steven Jacobson, and Lawrence Kaplan. 1994.Comparative Eskimo Dictionary with Aleut Cognates. Alaska Native Language Center.
  • Fortescue, Michael. 1998.Language Relations across Bering Strait: Reappraising the Archaeological and Linguistic Evidence. London and New York: Cassell.
Aleut
Eskimoan
Inuit1
Yupik
See also
  • 1: The Inuit language 'family' is a continuum of dialects
  • 2: Some linguists classify Sirenik as under a separate branch
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