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Propylone

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Pharmaceutical compound

Propylone
Clinical data

Other names	3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-propylcathinone; MD-PrC; PrONE; bk-3,4-MDPA
Drug class	Monoamine releasing agent;Monoamine reuptake inhibitor
Identifiers
IUPAC name 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(propylamino)propan-1-one
CAS Number	201474-93-3
PubChemCID	85764579
ChemSpider	129433781
UNII	TBJ4S8YF37
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₃H₁₇NO₃
Molar mass	235.283 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CCCNC(C)C(=O)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2
InChI InChI=1S/C13H17NO3/c1-3-6-14-9(2)13(15)10-4-5-11-12(7-10)17-8-16-11/h4-5,7,9,14H,3,6,8H2,1-2H3 Key:YFVKHKCZBSGZPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Propylone, also known as3,4-methylenedioxy-N-propylcathinone is a mixedmonoamine releasing agent andreupake inhibitor of thecathinone family related tomethylone andethylone.^[1]

It acts specifically as a weakpartial serotonin–dopamine releasing agent (SDRA) andserotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), with EC₅₀Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration (E_maxTooltip maximal efficacy) values for induction of monoamine release of 3,128 nM (30%) forserotonin and 976 nM (20%) fordopamine, and IC₅₀Tooltip half-maximal inhibitory concentration value for monoamine reuptake inhibition of 2,462 nM for serotonin, 28,540 nM for norepinephrine, and 1,863 nM for dopamine.^[1]

The drug was first described in the literature in a 1996patent byAlexander Shulgin andPeyton Jacob III.^[2] It was subsequently characterized more thoroughly by 2015^[1] and was encountered as a noveldesigner drug inEurope by 2016.^[3]^[4]^[5]

References

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^^a ^b ^cSakloth F (11 December 2015).Psychoactive synthetic cathinones (or 'bath salts'): Investigation of mechanisms of action.Theses and Dissertations (Ph.D. thesis). Virginia Commonwealth University.doi:10.25772/AY8R-PW77. Retrieved24 November 2024 – via VCU Scholars Compass.
^WO 1996039133, Jacob III P, Shulgin AT, "Preparation of novel N-substituted-2-amino-3′,4′-methylenedioxypropiophenones as anti-depressant and anti-parkinsonism agents.", published 12 December 1996, assigned to Neurobiological Technologies, Inc.
^"EMCDDA–Europol 2016 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA".Europol. 23 October 2018. Retrieved11 March 2025.
^Liu C, Jia W, Li T, Hua Z, Qian Z (August 2017). "Identification and analytical characterization of nine synthetic cathinone derivatives N-ethylhexedrone, 4-Cl-pentedrone, 4-Cl-α-EAPP, propylone, N-ethylnorpentylone, 6-MeO-bk-MDMA, α-PiHP, 4-Cl-α-PHP, and 4-F-α-PHP".Drug Test Anal.9 (8):1162–1171.doi:10.1002/dta.2136.PMID 27863142.
^Pulver B, Fischmann S, Gallegos A, Christie R (December 2024)."EMCDDA framework and practical guidance for naming cathinones".Drug Test Anal.16 (12):1409–1435.doi:10.1002/dta.3662.PMC 11635063.PMID 38389255.

External links

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Propylone - Isomer Design

Monoamine releasing agents

DRAsTooltip Dopamine releasing agents

Morpholines:Fenbutrazate Fenmetramide Morazone Morforex Phendimetrazine Phenmetrazine Pseudophenmetrazine
Oxazolines:4-MAR Aminorex Clominorex Cyclazodone Fenozolone Fluminorex Pemoline Thozalinone
Phenethylamines:2-OH-PEA 4-CAB 4-FA 4-FMA 4-MA 4-MMA Alfetamine Amfecloral Amfepentorex Amfepramone Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine Levoamphetamine) Amphetaminil β-Me-PEA BDB BOH Benzphetamine Buphedrone Butylone Cathine Cathinone Clobenzorex Clortermine D-Deprenyl DMA DMMA Dimethylamphetamine Ephedrine Ethcathinone EBDB Ethylone Etilamfetamine Famprofazone Fenethylline Fenproporex Flephedrone Fludorex Furfenorex Hordenine 4-Hydroxyamphetamine Iofetamine (123I) Lisdexamfetamine Lophophine Mefenorex Mephedrone Metamfepramone Methamphetamine Dextromethamphetamine Levomethamphetamine Methcathinone Methedrone MMDA MMDMA MBDB MDA (tenamfetamine) MDEA MDMA (midomafetamine) MDMPEA MDOH MDPEA Methylone Morforex Ortetamine pBA pCA pIA Pholedrine Phenethylamine Pholedrine Phenpromethamine Prenylamine Propylamphetamine Pseudoephedrine Tiflorex Tyramine Xylopropamine Zylofuramine
Piperazines:2C-B-BZP BZP MBZP MDBZP MeOPP oMPP
Others:2-ADN 2-AI 2-AT 4-BP 5-APDI 5-IAI Amineptine Clofenciclan Cyclopentamine Cypenamine Cyprodenate Feprosidnine Gilutensin Heptaminol Hexacyclonate Indanorex Isometheptene Methylhexanamine Naphthylaminopropane Octodrine Phthalimidopropiophenone Phenylbiguanide Propylhexedrine

NRAsTooltip Norepinephrine releasing agents

Morpholines:Fenbutrazate Fenmetramide Morazone Morforex Phendimetrazine Phenmetrazine Pseudophenmetrazine
Oxazolines:4-MAR Aminorex Clominorex Cyclazodone Fenozolone Fluminorex Pemoline Thozalinone
Phenethylamines:2-OH-PEA 4-CAB 4-FA 4-FMA 4-MA 4-MMA Alfetamine Amfecloral Amfepentorex Amfepramone Amphetamine Dextroamphetamine Levoamphetamine Amphetaminil β-Me-PEA BDB Benzphetamine BOH Buphedrone Butylone Cathine Cathinone Clobenzorex Clortermine Dimethylamphetamine DMA DMMA EBDB Ephedrine Ethcathinone Ethylone Etilamfetamine Famprofazone Fenethylline Fenproporex Flephedrone Fludorex Furfenorex Hordenine 4-Hydroxyamphetamine 5-APDI (IAP) Iofetamine (123I) Lisdexamfetamine Lophophine MBDB MDA (tenamfetamine) MDEA MDMA (midomafetamine) Metamfepramone MDMPEA MDOH MDPEA Mefenorex Mephedrone Mephentermine Methamphetamine Dextromethamphetamine Levomethamphetamine Methcathinone Methedrone Methylone Morforex Naphthylaminopropane Ortetamine pBA pCA Pentorex Phenethylamine Pholedrine Phenpromethamine Phentermine Phenylpropanolamine pIA Prenylamine Propylamphetamine Pseudoephedrine Selegiline (alsoD-Deprenyl) Tiflorex Tyramine Xylopropamine Zylofuramine
Piperazines:2C-B-BZP BZP MBZP mCPP MDBZP MeOPP oMPP pFPP
Others:2-ADN 2-AI 2-AT 2-BP 4-BP 5-IAI Clofenciclan Cyclopentamine Cypenamine Cyprodenate Feprosidnine Gilutensin Heptaminol Hexacyclonate Indanorex Isometheptene Methylhexanamine Octodrine Phthalimidopropiophenone Propylhexedrine Tuaminoheptane

SRAsTooltip Serotonin releasing agents

Aminoindanes:5-IAI AMMI ETAI MDAI MDMAI MMAI TAI
Aminotetralins:6-CAT 8-OH-DPAT MDAT MDMAT
Oxazolines:4-Methylaminorex Aminorex Clominorex Fluminorex
Phenethylamines:2-Methyl-MDA 4-CAB 4-FA 4-FMA 4-HA 4-MTA 5-APDB 5-Methyl-MDA 6-APDB 6-Methyl-MDA AEMMA Amiflamine BDB BOH Brephedrone Butylone Chlorphentermine Cloforex Amfepramone Metamfepramone DCA Dexfenfluramine DFMDA DMA DMMA EBDB EDMA Ethylone Etolorex Fenfluramine Flephedrone Flucetorex IAP Iofetamine Levofenfluramine Lophophine MBDB MDA (tenamfetamine) MDEA MDHMA MDMA (midomafetamine) MDMPEA MDOH MDPEA Mephedrone Methedrone Methylone MMA MMDA MMDMA MMMA NAP Norfenfluramine 4-TFMA pBA pCA pIA PMA PMEA PMMA TAP
Piperazines:2C-B-BZP 3-MeOPP BZP DCPP MBZP mCPP MDBZP MeOPP Mepiprazole oMPP pCPP pFPP pTFMPP TFMPP
Tryptamines:4-Methyl-αET 4-Methyl-αMT 5-CT 5-MeO-αET 5-MeO-αMT 5-MT αET αMT DMT Tryptamine
Others:Indeloxazine Viqualine

Others

DAT modulators:Agonist-like:SoRI-9804
SoRI-20040;Antagonist-like:SoRI-20041

Adrenergic release blockers:Bethanidine
Bretylium
Guanadrel
Guanazodine
Guanethidine
Guanoxan

See also:Receptor/signaling modulators •Monoamine reuptake inhibitors •Adrenergics •Dopaminergics •Serotonergics •Monoamine metabolism modulators •Monoamine neurotoxins

Monoamine reuptake inhibitors

DATTooltip Dopamine transporter
(DRIsTooltip Dopamine reuptake inhibitors)

Piperazines:DBL-583 GBR-12783 GBR-12935 GBR-13069 GBR-13098 JJC8-088 Nefazodone Vanoxerine
Piperidines:4-Fluoropethidine Benocyclidine (BTCP) Desoxypipradrol Dexmethylphenidate Difemetorex Ethylphenidate HDMP-28 Methylphenidate Pethidine (meperidine) Phencyclidine Pipradrol Serdexmethylphenidate Tenocyclidine
Pyrrolidines:Diphenylprolinol MDPV Naphyrone Prolintane Pyrovalerone
Tropanes:Altropane Benzatropine (benztropine) Brasofensine CFT Cocaine Dichloropane Difluoropine Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine) FE-β-CPPIT FP-β-CPPIT Ioflupane (¹²³I) RTI-55 RTI-112 RTI-113 RTI-121 RTI-126 RTI-150 RTI-177 RTI-229 RTI-336 Tesofensine Troparil Tropoxane WF-11 WF-23 WF-31 WF-33
Others:Adrafinil Amifitadine Armodafinil Amfonelic acid Amineptine Ansofaxine BTQ BTS 74,398 Bupropion Chaenomeles speciosa Ciclazindol Dasotraline Desmethylsertraline Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354) Diclofensine Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505) Dimethocaine Diphenylpyraline Dizocilpine (MK-801) DOV-102,677 DOV-216,303 Efavirenz Ephenidine Esketamine EXP-561 Fencamfamin Fezolamine Fluorenol GYKI-52895 Hydroxybupropion Indatraline Ketamine Lafadofensine Lefetamine Levophacetoperane Liafensine LR-5182 Manifaxine Mazindol Medifoxamine Mesocarb Metaphit MIN-117 (WF-516) Modafinil Nefopam Nomifensine NS-2359 O-2172 Oroxylin A Perafensine Pridefine Radafaxine Rimcazole Sertraline Sibutramine Solriamfetol Tametraline Tedatioxetine Threohydrobupropion Tripelennamine Venlafaxine

NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporter
(NRIsTooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)

Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors:Amedalin Alseroxylon Ciclazindol Daledalin Edivoxetine Esreboxetine Lortalamine Mazindol Nisoxetine Reboxetine Talopram Talsupram Tandamine Teniloxazine Viloxazine
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors:Amineptine Bupropion Fencamine Fencamfamin Hydroxybupropion Lefetamine Levophacetoperane LR-5182 Manifaxine Methylphenidate Nomifensine O-2172 Radafaxine Serdexmethylphenidate Solriamfetol
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors:Atomoxetine (tomoxetine) CP-39,332 Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Eclanamine Levomilnacipran McN5652 Milnacipran N-Methyl-PPPA Nafenodone PPPA Tofenacin Venlafaxine
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors:3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine Amifitadine Ansofaxine Bicifadine Brasofensine Centanafadine Cocaine Dasotraline Desmethylsertraline Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354) Diclofensine Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505) DOV-102677 DOV-216303 EXP-561 Fezolamine HDMP-28 HP-505 Indatraline JNJ-7925476 JZ-IV-10 Lafadofensine Liafensine Mazindol Naphyrone Nefazodone Nefopam NS-2359 Perafensine PRC200 Pridefine SEP-228431 SEP-228432 Sibutramine Tedatioxetine Tesofensine Threohydrobupropion Tropanes (e.g.,cocaine)
Tricyclic antidepressants:Amitriptyline Butriptyline Cianopramine Clomipramine Desipramine Dosulepin (dothiepin) Doxepin Imipramine Lofepramine Melitracen Nortriptyline Protriptyline Trimipramine
Tetracyclic antidepressants:Amoxapine Maprotiline Mianserin Oxaprotiline Setiptiline
Others:Antihistamines (e.g.,brompheniramine,chlorphenamine,pheniramine,tripelennamine) Antipsychotics (e.g.,loxapine,ziprasidone) Arylcyclohexylamines (e.g.,ketamine,phencyclidine) Dopexamine Ephenidine Ginkgo biloba Indeloxazine Nefazodone Opioids (e.g.,desmetramadol,methadone,pethidine (meperidine),tapentadol,tramadol,levorphanol)

SERTTooltip Serotonin transporter
(SRIsTooltip Serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors:6-Nitroquipazine Alaproclate Centpropazine Cericlamine Citalopram Dapoxetine Desmethylcitalopram Didesmethylcitalopram Escitalopram Femoxetine Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Indalpine Ifoxetine Norfluoxetine Omiloxetine Panuramine Paroxetine PIM-35 Pirandamine RTI-353 Seproxetine Sertraline Zimelidine Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin receptor modulators:Etoperidone Litoxetine Lubazodone LY-393558 Quipazine SB-649915 TGBA01AD Trazodone Vilazodone Vortioxetine
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors:Atomoxetine (tomoxetine) Bicifadine CP-39332 Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Eclanamine Levomilnacipran McN5652 Milnacipran N-Methyl-PPPA PPPA Tofenacin Venlafaxine
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors:3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine Amifitadine Ansofaxine Bicifadine Brasofensine Centanafadine Cocaine Dasotraline Desmethylsertraline Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354) Diclofensine Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505) DOV-102677 DOV-216303 EXP-561 Fezolamine HDMP-28 HP-505 Indatraline JNJ-7925476 JZ-IV-10 Lafadofensine Liafensine Mazindol Naphyrone Nefazodone Nefopam NS-2359 Perafensine PRC200 Pridefine SEP-228431 SEP-228432 Sibutramine Tedatioxetine Tesofensine Threohydrobupropion Tropanes (e.g.,cocaine)
Tricyclic antidepressants:Amitriptyline Cianopramine Clomipramine Cyanodothiepin Desipramine Dosulepin (dothiepin) Doxepin Imipramine Lofepramine Nortriptyline Pipofezine Protriptyline
Others:A-80426 Amoxapine Antihistamines (e.g.,brompheniramine,chlorphenamine,dimenhydrinate,diphenhydramine,mepyramine (pyrilamine),pheniramine,tripelennamine) Antipsychotics (e.g.,loxapine,ziprasidone) Arylcyclohexylamines (e.g.,3-MeO-PCP,esketamine,ketamine,methoxetamine,phencyclidine) Cyclobenzaprine Delucemine Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Efavirenz Hypidone Medifoxamine Mesembrine Mifepristone MIN-117 (WF-516) N-Me-5-HT Opioids (e.g.,dextropropoxyphene,methadone,pethidine (meperidine),levorphanol,tapentadol,tramadol) Roxindole

VMATsTooltip Vesicular monoamine transporters

Others

Unsorted:Cendifensine

DAT enhancers:Luteolin

DAT modulators:Agonist-like:SoRI-9804
SoRI-20040;Antagonist-like:SoRI-20041

See also:Receptor/signaling modulators •Monoamine releasing agents •Adrenergics •Dopaminergics •Serotonergics •Monoamine metabolism modulators •Monoamine neurotoxins

v t e Phenethylamines
Phenethylamines	Psychedelics:25B-NBOMe 25C-NBOMe 25D-NBOMe 25I-NBOMe 25N-NBOMe 2C-B 2C-B-AN 2C-Bn 2C-Bu 2C-C 2C-CN 2C-CP 2C-D 2C-E 2C-EF 2C-F 2C-G 2C-G-1 2C-G-2 2C-G-3 2C-G-4 2C-G-5 2C-G-6 2C-G-N 2C-H 2C-I 2C-iBu 2C-iP 2C-N 2C-NH2 2C-O 2C-O-4 2C-P 2C-Ph 2C-SE 2C-T 2C-T-2 2C-T-3 2C-T-4 2C-T-5 2C-T-6 2C-T-7 2C-T-8 2C-T-9 2C-T-10 2C-T-11 2C-T-12 2C-T-13 2C-T-14 2C-T-15 2C-T-16 2C-T-17 2C-T-18 2C-T-19 2C-T-20 2C-T-21 2C-T-22 2C-T-22.5 2C-T-23 2C-T-24 2C-T-25 2C-T-27 2C-T-28 2C-T-30 2C-T-31 2C-T-32 2C-T-33 2C-tBu 2C-TFE 2C-TFM 2C-YN 2C-V Allylescaline DESOXY Escaline Isoproscaline Jimscaline Macromerine MEPEA Mescaline Metaescaline Methallylescaline Proscaline Psi-2C-T-4 TCB-2 Stimulants:Phenylethanolamine Hordenine Phenethylamine Phenpromethamine α-Methylphenethylamine (amphetamine) β-Methylphenethylamine m-Methylphenethylamine N-Methylphenethylamine o-Methylphenethylamine p-Methylphenethylamine Methylphenidate Entactogens:Lophophine MDPEA MDMPEA Others:Biscaline BOH Buscaline DMPEA
Amphetamines	Psychedelics:3C-AL 3C-BZ 3C-E 3C-MAL 3C-P Aleph Beatrice Bromo-DragonFLY D-Deprenyl DMA DMCPA DMMDA DOB DOC DOEF DOET DOI DOM DON DOPR DOTFM Ganesha MMDA MMDA-2 Psi-DOM TMA TeMA ZDCM-04 Stimulants:2-FA 2-FMA 3-FA 3-FMA Acridorex Alfetamine Amfecloral Amfepentorex Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine,Levoamphetamine) Amphetaminil Benfluorex Benzphetamine Cathine Clobenzorex Dimethylamphetamine Ephedrine Etilamfetamine Fencamfamin Fencamine Fenethylline Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine,Levofenfluramine) Fenproporex Flucetorex Fludorex Formetorex Furfenorex Gepefrine 4-Hydroxyamphetamine Iofetamine Isopropylamphetamine Lefetamine Lisdexamfetamine Mefenorex Metaraminol Methamphetamine (Dextromethamphetamine,Levomethamphetamine) Methoxyphenamine MMA Morforex Norfenfluramine L-Norpseudoephedrine N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine Oxifentorex Oxilofrine Ortetamine PBA PCA PFA PFMA PIA PMA PMEA PMMA Phenylpropanolamine Pholedrine Prenylamine Propylamphetamine Pseudoephedrine Sibutramine Tiflorex Tranylcypromine Xylopropamine Zylofuramine Entactogens:4-FA 4-FMA 4-MA 4-MMA 4-MTA 5-APB 5-APDB 5-EAPB 5-IT 5-MAPB 5-MAPDB 6-APB 6-APDB 6-Chloro-MDMA 6-EAPB 6-IT 6-MAPB 6-MAPDB EDA IAP 2,3-MDA 3,4-MDA (tenamfetamine) MDEA MDHMA MDMA (midomafetamine) MDOH Methamnetamine MMDMA Naphthylaminopropane TAP Others:3,4-DCA Amiflamine DiFMDA Selegiline (alsoD-Deprenyl)
Phentermines	Stimulants:Chlorphentermine Cloforex Clortermine Etolorex Mephentermine Pentorex Phentermine Entactogens:MDPH MDMPH Others:Cericlamine
Cathinones	Stimulants:3-FMC 4-MC 4-BMC 4-CMC 4-EMC 4-FMC 4-MEC 4-MeMABP 4-MPD Amfepramone Benzedrone Brephedrone Buphedrone Bupropion Cathinone Dimethylcathinone Ethcathinone Eutylone Hydroxybupropion Methcathinone Methedrone NEB N-Ethylhexedrone N-Ethylpentedrone Pentedrone Pentylone Radafaxine Entactogens:3,4-DMMC 3-MMC Butylone Ethylone Methylone Methylenedioxycathinone Mephedrone Propylone
Phenylisobutylamines	Entactogens:4-CAB 4-MAB Ariadne BDB Butylone EBDB Eutylone MBDB Stimulants:Phenylisobutylamine
Phenylalkylpyrrolidines	Stimulants:α-PBP α-PHP α-PPP α-PVP MDPBP MDPPP MDPV 4-MePBP 4-MePHP 4-MePPP MOPPP MOPVP MPBP MPHP MPPP Naphyrone PEP Prolintane Pyrovalerone
Catecholamines (and close relatives)	6-FNE 6-OHDA a-Me-DA a-Me-TRA Adrenochrome Ciladopa D-DOPA (Dextrodopa) Dimetofrine Dopamine Epinephrine Epinine Etilefrine Ethylnorepinephrine Fenclonine Ibopamine Isoprenaline Isoetarine L-DOPA (Levodopa) L-DOPS (Droxidopa) L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine m-Tyramine Metanephrine Metaraminol Metaterol Metirosine Methyldopa N,N-Dimethyldopamine Nordefrin (Levonordefrin) Norepinephrine Norfenefrine (m-Octopamine) Normetanephrine Orciprenaline p-Octopamine p-Tyramine Phenylephrine Synephrine
Miscellaneous	AL-LAD Amidephrine Arbutamine Cafedrine Denopamine Desvenlafaxine Diphenidine Dizocilpine Dobutamine Dopexamine Ephenidine Etafedrine ETH-LAD Famprofazone Fluorolintane Hexapradol IP-LAD Lysergic acid amide Lysergic acid 2-butyl amide Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide Lysergic acid diethylamide Methoxamine Methoxphenidine MT-45 PARGY-LAD Phenibut PRO-LAD Pronethalol Salbutamol (Levosalbutamol) Solriamfetol Theodrenaline Thiamphenicol UWA-101 Venlafaxine

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