Since theopening of the originalNew York City Subway line in 1904, and throughout thesubway's history, various official and planning agencies have proposed numerous extensions to the subway system. The first major expansion of the subway system was theDual Contracts, a set of agreements between the City of New York and theIRT and theBRT. The system was expanded into the outer reaches of the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, and it provided for the construction of important lines in Manhattan. This one expansion of the system provided for a majority of today's system.

Even with this expansion, there was a pressing need for growth. In 1922, MayorJohn Hylan put out his plan for over 100 miles of new subway lines going to all five boroughs. His plan was intended to directly compete with the two private subway operators, the IRT and the BMT. This plan was never furthered. The next big plan, and arguably the most ambitious in the subway system's history, was the "Second System". The 1929 plan by theIndependent Subway to construct new subway lines, the Second System would take over existing subway lines and railroad rights-of-way. This plan would have expanded service throughout the city with 100 miles of subway lines. A major component of the plan was theconstruction of theSecond Avenue Subway. TheStock Market Crash of 1929 put a halt to the plan, however, and subway expansion was limited to lines already under construction by the IND.

During the 1930s and 1940s, the plans were revised, with new plans such as a line toStaten Island and a revised line tothe Rockaways. In the late 1940s and 1950s, a Queens Bypass line via theLong Island Rail Road'sMain Line was first proposed as a branch of the still-planned Second Avenue Subway. In addition, capacity on existing lines became improved through the construction of strategic connections such as theCulver Ramp, the60th Street Tunnel Connection, and theChrystie Street Connection, and through the rebuilding ofDeKalb Avenue Junction. These improvements were the only things to come out of these plans. Eventually, these plans were modified to what became theProgram for Action, which was put forth by theNew York City Transit Authority in 1968. This was the last plan for a major expansion of the subway system. The plan included the construction of the Second Avenue Subway, a Queens Bypass line, a line replacing theThird Avenue El in the Bronx, and other extensions in the Bronx, Queens, and Brooklyn. While ambitious, very little of the plan was completed, mostly because of the financial crisis in the 1970s.

Until the 1990s, there was little focus on expansion of the system because the system was in a state of disrepair, and funds were allocated to maintaining the existing system. In the 1990s, however, with the system in better shape, the construction of the Second Avenue Subway was looked into again. Construction of the Second Avenue Subway started in 2007, and the first phase was completed in 2017. Since the 1990s, public officials and organizations such as theRegional Plan Association have pushed for the further expansion of the system. Projects such as the TriboroRx, a circumferential line connecting the outer boroughs, the reuse of theRockaway Beach Branch, and the further expansion of the Second Avenue Subway have all been proposed, albeit mostly unfunded.

The Triborough System was a proclamation for new subway lines to the Bronx and Brooklyn. The new lines include theIRT Lexington Avenue Line,IRT Pelham Line, andIRT Jerome Avenue Line. The Manhattan Bridge line described below later became theBMT West End Line,BMT Fourth Avenue Line, theBMT Sea Beach Line, and the Nassau Street loops.^[1][2]

The route of the new subway ... comprises a main trunk north and south through Manhattan Borough on Lexington Avenue and Irving Place from the Harlem River to Tenth St. and on Broadway, Vesey and Church Sts. from Tenth St. to the Battery; two branches in Bronx Borough, one northeast via 138th St. Southern Boulevard and Westchester Ave. to Pelham Bay Park. the other northerly via River Ave. and Jerome Ave. to Woodlawn Road, connecting with the Manhattan trunk by a tunnel under the Harlem River; a Manhattan-Brooklyn line extending from the North River via Canal Street across the East River on the Manhattan Bridge to connect with the Fourth Avenue subway in Brooklyn now being built, which thus becomes an integral part of the larger system; two branches southerly from the Fourth Ave. line extending south to Fort Hamilton and southeast to Coney Island; and a loop feeder line in Brooklyn through Lafayette Ave. and Broadway, connecting with the Fourth Ave. line at one end. and at the other crossing the Williamsburg Bridge and entering the Centre Street Loop subway in Manhattan which is thus also incorporated in the system.

In 1911,William Gibbs McAdoo, who operated a competing subway company called theHudson & Manhattan Railroad, proposed building a line underBroadway betweenHudson Terminal andHerald Square.^[3] He later proposed that the Broadway line be tied into the IRT'soriginal subway line in Lower Manhattan. The Broadway line, going southbound, would merge with the local tracks of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line in the southbound direction at 10th Street. A spur off the Lexington Avenue Line in Lower Manhattan, in the back ofTrinity Church, would split eastward underWall Street, cross theEast River toBrooklyn, then head down the Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn, with another spur underneath Lafayette Avenue.^[4]

The Triborough System later became part of theDual Contracts, signed on March 19, 1913 and also known as the Dual Subway System. These were contracts for the construction and/or rehabilitation and operation of rapid transit lines in New York City. The contracts were "dual", in that they were signed between the City and the IRT and Municipal Railway Company, a subsidiary of the BRT (later BMT).^[5]

Some lines proposed under the Contracts were not built, most notably an IRT line toMarine Park, Brooklyn (at what is nowKings Plaza) under eitherUtica Avenue, using a brand-new line, orNostrand Avenue andFlatbush Avenue, using the then-newIRT Nostrand Avenue Line. There were also alternate plans for the Nostrand Avenue Line to continue down Nostrand Avenue toSheepshead Bay.^[6]

On August 28, 1922, MayorJohn Francis Hylan unveiled his own plans for the subway system, which was relatively small at the time. His plan included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines. By the end of 1925, all of these routes were to have been completed. The lines were designed to compete with the IRT and BMT.^[7][8]

Hylan's plan contained the following lines:^[9]

• A line running along Manhattan's West Side, stretching from the edge of the city atYonkers to 14th Street. It would be a two-track line south to Dyckman Street, a three-track line to 162nd Street, and then-on it would be a four-track line. The line would have two southern branches that would diverge at 14th Street. A connection to the BMT Canarsie Line would use a pair of the tracks, while the other pair would go toAtlantic Avenue and Hicks Street in Brooklyn through an East River tunnel. Then it would turn down to Red Hook. There would also be a loop at Battery Park. Another branch would be built; it would consist of two tracks, and would go between 162nd Street and 190th Street via Amsterdam Avenue.
• AFirst Avenue line, consisting of four tracks, would stretch from the Harlem River to City Hall. At 10th Street, the line would cease to be a four-track line, with the line splitting into two branches. One branch would run to a loop near City Hall, while the other would go to a new Lafayette Avenue line in Brooklyn, running viaThird Avenue and theBowery. On the northern end, at161st Street, the line would split into two 3-track lines. One of the lines would go to Southern Boulevard and Fordham Road; the other would continue to 241st Street after merging with the existing IRT White Plains Road Line at Fordham Road and Webster Avenue.
• A line fromAstoria, Queens, likely connecting to theBMT Astoria Line, across theEast River and via125th Street (near today'sHenry Hudson Parkway).
• A line running from Hunters Point in Queens heading southeast to Lafayette Avenue in Brooklyn. The line would consist of between two and four tracks, and at Lafayette Avenue, the line would split. Two of them would continue as a Lafayette Avenue, but would then become four tracks. The remaining two tracks would run to Franklin and Flatbush Avenues.
• A new 4-track trunk line along Lafayette Avenue in Brooklyn fromBorough Hall toBedford Avenue. The line would narrow to three tracks toBroadway. Then the line would have continued underneath theBMT Jamaica Line to168th Street. By running underneath the Jamaica Line, the line would directly compete with the BMT. A two-track connection would also be provided to a First Avenue line.
• A new line running underUtica Avenue toFlatlands Avenue. The line would be a branch of theIRT Eastern Parkway Line.^[10]: 120
• A four-track Flatbush Avenue line to Emmons Avenue in Sheepshead Bay, before turning west to Surf Avenue inConey Island via Emmons Avenue. Service toFloyd Bennett Field would be provided with a branch via Flatbush Avenue.
• TheBMT Canarsie Line would be extended past 121st Street in Queens to the BMT Jamaica Line.
• A new line, which would run from 90th Street to Prospect Avenue, that would go via Fort Hamilton Parkway and 10th Avenue would be used byBMT Culver Line trains.
• Extension of theBMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn, south toBay Ridge–95th Street.
• Extension of the BMT Fourth Avenue Line east to the Fort Hamilton Parkway Line and theBMT West End Line.
• A two-track line from the BMT Fourth Avenue Line at 67th Street to Staten Island via theStaten Island Tunnel.^{[10]: 120–125}
• Extension of theIRT New Lots Line from New Lots Avenue to Lefferts Boulevard.
• The IRT Flushing Line would be extended eastward to Bell Boulevard inBayside viaMain Street,Kissena Boulevard, andNorthern Boulevard.
• AtRoosevelt Avenue a branch would be constructed off the IRT Flushing Line to Jamaica.

Only some of Hylan's planned lines were built to completion. Completed lines included:^[9][11][12]

• An extension of the Fourth Avenue Line to 95th Street.
• Two major trunk lines in midtown Manhattan, with one running underEighth Avenue and one underSixth Avenue, which already had an elevated line.
• A crosstown subway under 53rd Street (connecting with the Eighth and Sixth Avenue subways) running under theEast River to Queens Plaza (Long Island City), meeting with aBrooklyn–Queens crosstown line, and continuing underQueens Boulevard and Hillside Avenue to179th Street, where bus service would converge.
• A subway under theGrand Concourse inthe Bronx, diverging from the Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan at 145th Street andSaint Nicholas Avenue.

Major Phillip Mathews disagreed with theBoard of Transportation's plan, and in response, he published a report, on December 24, 1926, titled "Proposed Subway Plan for Subway Relief and Expansion". He said that that congestion would not be addressed for Brooklyn and the Bronx; only the planned Grand Concourse line would alleviate congestion, in this case congestion on theIRT Jerome Avenue Line. There would be little relief on the two lines jointly-operated between the IRT and the BMT. He came up with his own plan. He proposed that the Eighth Avenue Line, through a connection from Fulton or Wall Streets to Chambers Street, be connected to the BMT's lines to Coney Island, with a possible connection at theManhattan Bridge's south side.^[9]

In Manhattan, he proposed a new four-track line running down Third Avenue from City Hall, with connections to the White Plains Road and Pelham Lines in the Bronx. The line would therefore have to be built to IRT clearances. At the line's southern end, a connection would be built to the Eastern Parkway Line nearFranklin Avenue via a new set of tubes under the East River. To alleviate congestion on the Queens lines, a new trunk line would run from Eighth Avenue in Manhattan to Jamaica, with transfers to the north–south lines in Manhattan and to Brooklyn Crosstown service. This would later be built as theIND Queens Boulevard Line.^[9]

To round out expansion in Manhattan, he proposed that an extension of theBMT Canarsie Line toEighth Avenue. This was built at a later date. To connect the outer boroughs, a four-track Brooklyn-Queens crosstown line would be designed, with the possibility for future extensions into the Bronx and Staten Island.^[9]

In 1926, a loop subway service was planned to be built toNew Jersey. The rationale given was:^[13]

Principal features of a comprehensive plan for passenger transportation between communities in the nine northern counties of New Jersey and the city of New York are outlined in a report submitted on Jan. 15 to the Legislature of the state by the North Jersey Transit Commission. A preliminary report presented about a year ago was abstracted inElectric Railway Journal for Feb. 7, 1925... The ultimate object of the program recommended is the creation of a new electric railway system comprising82.6 miles [132.9 km] of route, and the electrification of399 route-miles [642 km] of railroad now operated by steam. As the first step it is proposed to construct an interstate loop line17.3 miles [27.8 km] in length connecting with all of the north Jersey commuters' railroads and passing under the Hudson River into New York City by two tunnels, one uptown and one downtown. A new low-level subway through Manhattan would complete the loop. Construction costs of this preliminary project are estimated at $154,000,000, with $40,000,000 additional for equipment. The cost of power facilities is not included in this estimate.^[13]

Because it would be utilized in both directions, the capacity of the proposed interstate loop line would be equivalent, it is said, to two 2-track lines or one 4-track line from New Jersey to New York City due to its having two crossings between New Jersey and New York. The loop was said to be able to carry 192,500 passengers per hour, or 4.62 million daily passengers, had it been built. The estimate was based on the operation of 35 trains per hour in each direction, and each train would be eleven cars long and would carry 100 passengers per car. It was to be built as a multi-phase project, wherein the IRT and BMT would work together to build that system to New Jersey. Extensions of theIRT Flushing Line andBMT Canarsie Line were both considered; the Canarsie Line was to be extended toHoboken nearthe Palisades, while the Flushing Line was to be extended to Franklin Street between Boulevard and Bergenline Avenues inUnion City. Ultimately, the cost was too great, and with theGreat Depression, these ideas were quickly shot down.^[13]

In 1954, Regional Plan Association advocated for an extension of the BMT Canarsie Line from Eighth Avenue to Jersey City under the Hudson River. The tunnel under the Hudson would have cost $40 million. The extension would have provided access to commuter railroads in New Jersey as most lines converged there, and the lines that didn't would be rerouted to stop there. The RPA also suggested having a parking lot there for access from the Pulaski Skyway and the New Jersey Turnpike. It was suggested that either the New York City Transit Authority, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey or the Bi-State Metropolitan Rapid Transit Commission would do the construction.^[14]

In 1963, three major commuter groups in New Jersey made expansion proposals. One of them would have involved an extension of the IRT Flushing Line under the Hudson River with a three-track tunnel and then connect with theNew York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad.^[15]

In 1986, theRegional Plan Association suggested extending the IRT Flushing Line to New Jersey'sMeadowlands Sports Complex.^[16]

On November 16, 2010, the plan was revisited yet again, asThe New York Times reported that MayorMichael Bloomberg's administration had been working on a plan to extend the 7 service across the Hudson River toHoboken and continue toSecaucus Junction inNew Jersey, where it would connect with mostNew Jersey Transit commuter lines. It would offer New Jersey commuters a direct route toGrand Central Terminal on the East Side of Manhattan and connections to most other New York City subway routes. This was being planned as an extension of the already-under construction7 Subway Extension (seebelow).^[17]

In April 2012, citing budget considerations, the director of theMTA,Joe Lhota, said that it was doubtful the extension would be built in the foreseeable future, suggesting that theGateway Project was a much more likely solution to congestion at Hudson River crossings.^[18] A feasibility study commissioned by the city and released in April 2013 revived hope for the project, however, with Mayor Bloomberg saying "Extending the 7 train to Secaucus is a promising potential solution ... and is deserving of serious consideration."^[19][20]

In 2017, a further extension of the 7 train to New Jersey was suggested once again, this time as an alternative to constructing a replacement for the Port Authority Bus Terminal.^[21] An alternative would include a new terminal at Secaucus Junction in conjunction with the 7 extension.^[22] In February 2018, it was revealed that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey had advertised for consultants to write a feasibility study for such an extension, and that it had received bids from several companies. This extension was being planned along with the Gateway Project and, if built, would be able to accommodate a projected 38% increase in the number of people commuting between the two states. The 18-month study would include input from the Port Authority, the MTA, andNJ Transit.^[23] If the New Jersey subway extension were to be constructed, it could complement the Gateway Project, which might become overcrowded by 2040.^[24][25]

Before unification in 1940, the government ofNew York City made plans for expanding the subway system, under a plan referred to in contemporary newspaper articles as theIND Second System (due to the fact that most of the expansion was to include new IND lines, as opposed to BMT/IRT lines). The first one, conceived in 1929, was to be part of the city-operatedIndependent Subway System (IND). By 1939, with unification planned, all three systems were included. Very few of these far-reaching lines were built, though provisions were made for future expansion on lines that intersect the proposals.^[26]

The core Manhattan lines of the expansion were theSecond Avenue Line (with an extension intothe Bronx) and theWorth Street Line, connecting tothe Rockaways. The Rockaways were eventually served by the subway via a city takeover of theLong Island Rail Road'sRockaway Beach Branch. A segment of the proposedSecond Avenue Subway opened for passenger service in January 2017. The majority of the proposed lines were to be built as elevated subways, likely a cost-cutting measure. The majority of the expansion was to occur in Queens, with the original proposal suggesting 52 miles (84 km) of track be built in Queens alone.^[26]

The first plan was made on September 15, 1929 (before the IND even opened), and is detailed in the table below.^[26] Cost is only for construction, and does not include land acquisition or other items.^[27]

The IND expansion plan was revised in 1932. It differs from the 1929 plan, but there are60.93 route‑miles (98.06 km), of which 12.49 miles (20.10 km) are in Manhattan, 12.09 miles (19.46 km) in the Bronx, 13.14 miles (21.15 km) in Brooklyn, and 23.21 miles (37.35 km) in Queens. It would include a new34th Street crosstown line, aSecond Avenue Subway line, a connection to theNew York, Westchester and Boston Railway, and extensions of theIRT Nostrand Avenue Line,IRT Flushing Line, andBMT Astoria Line. It would have created a subway loop bounded by 2nd and 10th Avenues, and 34th and 125th Streets. This plan included no extensions toWhitestone, Queens, however, with the plan to instead serve more densely populated areas such asAstoria and theRoosevelt Avenue corridor.^[28]

The plan would also take over the local tracks of the New York, Westchester and Boston Railway, and theRockaway Beach Branch of theLong Island Rail Road.^[28]

The table of route miles is as follows:^[28]

Other plans, proposed during the same time as the IND Second System plans, included the following:

• (1931 plan) A line splitting from the Second Avenue Line north of Houston Street, running southeast under East 16th Street, turning southwest under Avenue C, merging with the Houston Street Line, and crossing the East River from Stanton Street towards the huge line under South Fourth Street.
• (1931 plan) A line splitting from the Crosstown Line where it turns from Lafayette Avenue to Marcy Avenue, continuing under Lafayette Avenue and Stanhope Street to a junction with the line under Myrtle Avenue.
• (1932 plan) A rapid transit shuttle operating from a terminal adjacent to theIRT Flushing Line andWhitestone Landing operating over theLong Island Rail Road'sWhitestone Branch. The line would have been under private operation and would have had a five-cent fare.^[29]
• (1939 plan) A line splitting from the South Brooklyn (Culver) Line atFort Hamilton Parkway or Church Avenue, and running under Fort Hamilton Parkway to 86th Street. A branch would split to run under Ovington Avenue and Senator Street, with a tunnel under the Narrows toStaten Island at theSt. George Terminal. The line would split, with the north branch ending atWestervelt Avenue around Hamilton Avenue, and the south branch ending at Grant Street around St. Pauls Street. It was presumably designed this way to provide future service to both the Main Line and North ShoreStaten Island Railway lines.^[30][31] TheStaten Island Tunnel commenced construction in 1923 to serve the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, but was not completed.^[32][33]
• (1940 plan, revised 1945) The IND Fulton Street Line would connect to what is now theIND Rockaway Line. A branch of the IND Fulton Street Line would run to a stub-end terminal at 105th Street. The line, east of Euclid Avenue, would be four tracks until Cross Bay Boulevard, where the two branches would split.^[34]
• (unknown date) A third two-track tunnel under the East River, from the north side of the South Fourth Street/Union Avenue station (as built for six tracks) west to Delancey Street.
• (unknown date) A line splitting from the Stuyvesant Avenue line, going southeast under Broadway.
• (unknown date) A line under Flushing Avenue from the huge line under Beaver Street to Horace Harding Boulevard (Long Island Expressway).
• (unknown date) A four-track subway under Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn connecting to the Worth Street Subway and Second Avenue Subway.

An earlier plan in 1920 had an even more expansive plan, with several dozen subway lines going across all five boroughs.^[35]

The following provisions were made for connections and transfers to the new lines. It is of note that only four of these provisions were completed.

• AtSecond Avenue on theIND Sixth Avenue Line, the ceiling drops at the west end. Above the ceiling is a provision for a four-trackIND Second Avenue Line. The future Second Avenue Line will not utilize this provision; it will instead be built under the station, if a transfer station is ever built.
• AtEast Broadway on the IND Sixth Avenue Line (under Rutgers Street at this station), part of a two-track station was built for the IND Worth Street Line under East Broadway, above the existing line. Most of the constructed portion is now part of themezzanine, with a small unused section blocked by a door.
• AtBroadway on theIND Crosstown Line, traces of passageways are visible going towards a six-track station on the line to Utica Avenue, as well as a stair to an upper mezzanine on top of the unfinished station.
• AtUtica Avenue on theIND Fulton Street Line, a four-track station above can be seen in the ceiling of the existing station. This portion of the Utica Avenue Line was built with the construction of the Fulton Street Line. Ramps were built from the mezzanine to the platforms because the normal vertical distance of ten feet from the mezzanine floor to the platforms was increased to 25 feet in anticipation of the Utica Avenue Line. The existing mezzanine passes over the unused space.^[36][37]
• AtRoosevelt Avenue on theIND Queens Boulevard Line, a two-track upper level was built for the Winfield Spur towards the line to the Rockaways. Unlike the other stations, this one was completed, except for track.
• Hillside Avenue considerably widens between 218th Street and 229th Street in Queens Village, and gains a very widemedian. This section was widened in the 1930s to accommodate construction of the proposed eastern terminus of theIND Queens Boulevard Line atSpringfield Boulevard and Rocky Hill Road (Braddock Avenue) and to accommodate an underpass for Hillside Avenue underneath Springfield Boulevard and Braddock Avenue.^[38][39][40] Six station entrances would have been provided at Springfield Boulevard and Braddock Avenue. The station would have stretched as far east as 88th Avenue. The two tracks would have continued to 229th Street.^[41]
• The center tracks on the IND Sixth Avenue Line dead end at the curve fromHouston Street toEssex Street; these were planned to continue through a new East River tunnel to Williamsburg and south to the proposed Utica Avenue line towards Sheepshead Bay.
• The tracks that theIND 63rd Street Line uses to split from the IND Sixth Avenue Line were built for a similar proposed line under 61st Street, connecting to theSecond Avenue Subway.
• TheLexington Avenue–63rd Street subway station has two island platforms, which were originally built with now-demolished walls on their northern sides. The platforms were designed to provide across-platform interchange to the Second Avenue Subway.
• The upper level relay tracks east of179th Street on theIND Queens Boulevard Line were intended to continue towardFloral Park, and the tunnel is designed to allow for such a future extension.^[42]: 123
• The relay tracks east ofEuclid Avenue on theIND Fulton Street Line were intended to continue towardCambria Heights in Queens.
• TheNevins Street station on theIRT Eastern Parkway Line has an unused center trackway and an unused lower level intended for expansion into northern or southern Brooklyn.
• South of the36th Street station on theBMT Fourth Avenue Line, there are three trackways that diverge from the line at aflying junction. These trackways end under the eastern curb of Fourth Avenue.
• The BMT Fourth Avenue Line has provisions for two more tracks south of 59th Street, where the line becomes double-tracked:
  1. There are four trackways on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line bridge over the LIRRBay Ridge Branch despite the fact that only the northernmost two tracks are in use.
  2. The86th Street station on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line appears to have "escapes" in the wall bricked over along the Manhattan-bound track, for the never-built fourth tracks.^[9]
  3. The northboundside platforms ofBay Ridge Avenue and77th Street do not have platform pillars because the platforms were supposed to be temporary; the southbound platforms do have pillars, however.
• Bellmouths for uncompleted lines are scattered in numerous stations, including21st Street–Queensbridge,59th Street,63rd Drive–Rego Park,Bowery,Canal Street, andWoodhaven Boulevard:
  1. East of21st Street–Queensbridge, before theIND 63rd Street Line connects to the IND Queens Boulevard Line, the tracks veer left while the tunnel wall goes straight. The bellmouths were part of a proposed super-express bypass running under the LIRR mainline betweenQueens Boulevard andForest Hills. This plan was not in the original Second System plan, but rather, as part of the Program for Action plan that had the tracks from 21st Street–Queensbridge go straight to Forest Hills.^[43]
  2. There are bellmouths and space for two additional trackways (for a total of six) on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line south of59th Street. These provisions were for theStaten Island Tunnel, which would have intersected with the line south of 59th Street.^[9]
  3. East of63rd Drive–Rego Park on theIND Queens Boulevard Line, bellmouths were built for a proposed connection to the LIRR'sRockaway Beach Branch. They may be used if the northern portion of the Rockaway Beach Branch were ever reused for subway service.
  4. A line to the Rockaways would have split from theIND Eighth Avenue Line (underChurch Street at this point), east underWorth Street. The junction was built and is used by the local tracks toWorld Trade Center. The branch to the Rockaways was purchased from the LIRR and connected to theIND Fulton Street Line in 1956.
• Two bellmouths have since been completed, but were previously unused.
  1. The completedIND 63rd Street Line, which theF and <F>​ trains uses to cross theEast River, was designed and built with bellmouths to allow for the construction of connections to the planned Second Avenue Subway for service to/from the north and south along Second Avenue. The bellmouths to/from the north were completed and opened in 2017, while the bellmouths to/from the south will be completed during Phase 3 of the Second Avenue Subway.
  2. A junction was built on the IND Queens Boulevard Line for the line under Van Wyck Boulevard. The junction was completed and has been connected to theIND Archer Avenue Line.

The South Fourth Street shell, if complete, was supposed to handle service as follows:

Another plan for the South Fourth Street shell was simpler (and was the plan that was partially completed):

The Utica Avenue station shell, if complete, would be in the standard local-express-express-local platform configuration.

TheJackson Heights–Roosevelt Avenue shell, a two-trackbed island-platformed station, would have been for local trains terminating at the station. Express trains would have stopped at the lower level (IND Queens Boulevard Line) platforms.

AfterWorld War II and up until the late 1990s, the New York City Subway did not expand much. Only 28 stations opened in that time, compared to the remaining 393 stations, which opened from the 1880s to before World War II. As such, there have been many plans to expand the system during this time period.

TheNew York City Board of Transportation revised its plans for subway expansion, and released them in 1938 and 1940.

• The remnant of theIRT Ninth Avenue Line at155th Street would connect with theIRT Lenox Avenue Line, giving riders of the Jerome Avenue Line service to Manhattan's West Side.^[42]: 123 This project was never undertaken because of the high cost of modifying the third rail in theSedgwick Avenue andAnderson–Jerome Avenues tunnel section to accommodate new subway cars.^[9]
• TheNew York, Westchester and Boston Railway's abandoned right-of-way would have been rehabilitated and connected to theIRT Pelham Line.^[9]
• TheIND Concourse Line would have been extended eastward toGun Hill Road from 205th Street.^[9]
• TheSecond Avenue Subway would originate at Harding Avenue in the Bronx, and connect into theCourt Street station in Brooklyn as a two-track and four-track line.^[9] A yard would have been constructed to store the line's equipment.^[46]: 703 The first phase would end the line at East 139th Street. The Main Line and its connections to other subway lines was to have cost $213.95 million, while the future Bronx extension would have cost $130.16 million.^[47]: 212
• An extension of theIRT Lenox Avenue Line would have been built so it could connect with theIRT Ninth Avenue Line.^[48]
• Two express tracks would be built on theIND Sixth Avenue Line between West 9th Street and West 31st Street for $19.27 million. This was viewed as a requirement for a Second Avenue Line.^[49]: 371
• The Seventh Avenue Line Extension would extend the Broadway Line north from 59th Street via a tunnel under Central Park to 72nd Street, before turning east into Queens via Northern Boulevard to Jackson Heights. It was to have been built as a two-track and four-track line, and it would have cost $89 million. The second phase would extend the line as a two-track line along Corona Avenue and Horace Harding Boulevard from Jackson Heights to Marathon Parkway. A storage yard would be built. This phase would have cost $51.82 million. A connection between the new line and the Crosstown Line was to have been built at 23rd Street (Ely Avenue) for $10.95 million.^{[48][49]: 371}
• A connection between the Seventh Avenue Extension and the Rockaway Line would be built at 99th Street, costing $9.2 million.^[49]: 371TheRockaway Beach Branch of the LIRR would be purchased and converted for subway operation. Service to the Rockaway would be provided through a connection to the IND Queens Boulevard Line. The extension would have cost $42.38 million. In addition, $2.55 million would be spent on a two-track subway an open-cut connection between the Rockaway Line and the Fulton Street Line.^[47]: 213 Only the portion south ofLiberty Avenue was completed.^[9]
• An extension of theBMT Broadway Line, from57th Street–Seventh Avenue to 145th Street, would run viaCentral Park andMorningside Drive.^[9]
• A crosstown line viaWorth Street would serve as a branch of theIND Eighth Avenue Line's local tracks. The line would have branched off at Church Street, from where it would run via Worth Street and East Broadway to Lewis Street. This two-tracks segment would have cost $15.2 million.^[49]: 371 The line would then tunnel under the East River between Lewis Street to Driggs Avenue. This section would have cost $18.5 million.^[49]: 372 The South Fourth Street junction would be completed.^[9]
• The IND Queens Boulevard Line and BMT Broadway Line would be connected through the construction of aconnection at 11th Street. The connection would be between the Queens Boulevard Line's local tracks atQueens Plaza and the BMT60th Street Tunnel.^[9]
• The IND Queens Boulevard Line would be extended from178th to 184th Streets.^[48]
• TheIRT Flushing Line would be extended from Main Street to Bell Boulevard, as a two-track and a four-track line, along Roosevelt Avenue. The line would be constructed in a tunnel, embankment, and an open cut, costing $12.07 million. An additional extension would be constructed toCollege Point, running along 149th Street and 11th Avenue as an elevated line from Roosevelt Avenue to 122nd Street, costing $14.1 million.^{[9][49]: 371}
• Subway service would be extended eastward along Hillside Avenue toLittle Neck Parkway. The line would be an extension of theIND Queens Boulevard Line as a four-track line to 212th Street, and then as a 2-track line to its terminus at Little Neck Parkway.^{[9][49]: 371} The segment to 184th Street was to have cost $3.455 million, while the segment to 212th Street was to have cost $16.355 million.^[50]
• The provision atVan Wyck Boulevard for a future line would be completed, and a new two-track line would be built toRockaway Boulevard.^[9]
• TheIND Fulton Street Line would get an eastward extension; it would first be extended to 106th Street as a four-track line,^{[48][49]: 371} where it would connect to theIND Rockaway Line. Afterwards, the line would stretch along Linden Boulevard to 229th Street in Eastern Queens. The line was to go to a two-track terminal at 105th or 106th Streets, with intermediate stops at75th or 76th Streets and at 84th or 85th Streets (both proposed local stops), as well as at Cross Bay Boulevard (a proposed express stop).^{[10]: 137, 142 [51]} In 1951, these relay tracks east of Euclid Avenue were still planned to go as far as 105th Street, with a connection to theIND Rockaway Line east ofCross Bay Boulevard.^[34] In May 2004, this idea resurfaced, with an attached track map drawn up.^[52] If the line were ever built, Pitkin Avenue would have been routed to the east rather than to the southeast at 80th Street, andLinden Boulevard between Conduit and Rockaway Boulevards would have been built to facilitate the line.
• A new IND line would run from the Lower East Side toAvenue U in Brooklyn, with a possible extension toFloyd Bennett Field.^[48] The new line would run viaHouston Street andEssex Street in Manhattan, and viaUtica Avenue andFlatbush Avenue.^[9]
• Service on theIRT Nostrand Avenue Line would be extended down Nostrand Avenue to Voorhies Avenue inSheepshead Bay as a two-track line. The extension would be constructed as a subway until Avenue T, where it would emerge as an elevated line to Voorhies Avenue.^[9] It would have cost $22.7 million.^[49]: 372
• The IND would be extended to South Brooklyn with a connection at Cortelyou Road between itsSouth Brooklyn Line and the BMT'sCulver Line. This was the only completed Brooklyn proposal.^[9]
• Dyker Heights would get service with the construction of a branch of theBMT Culver Line via 37th Street, Fort Hamilton Parkway and 10th Avenue to 86th Street. In the vicinity of Fort Hamilton Parkway, a connection would be constructed between the BMT West End Line and the IND South Brooklyn Line.^[9] Extension work was approved sometime before 1940, and plans were drawn up.^[53]
• A connection between theBMT Franklin Avenue Line and theIND Crosstown Line would be built through the construction of a line under Lafayette Avenue.^[9]
• Subway service would be provided toStaten Island for the first time, with the construction of a tunnel underthe Narrows connecting at 68th Street to the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and with theStaten Island Railway atNew Brighton andTompkinsville.^[9]

The IND Concourse Line got funding to be extended eastward past205th Street, but Bronx residents wanted to rehabilitate theNew York, Westchester and Boston Railway right-of way. This funding was reallocated, and the old NYW&B line became theIRT Dyre Avenue Line in December 1941, and the IND Concourse Line extension was not brought up again until 1968.^[9]

In 1942, Mayor Benjamin F. Barnes of Yonkers proposed that the Getty Square Branch of the New York Central's Putnam Division be acquired for an extension of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from Van Cortlandt Park. This service would replace the service operated by the New York Central, which was slated to be discontinued by the New York Central.^[54]

A rail link toLaGuardia Airport was proposed in 1943, when the city Board of Transportation proposed an extension of theBMT Astoria Line (currently served by theN and ​W trains) from its terminus atDitmars Boulevard.^[55][56] The line would have run along Ditmars Boulevard, and would have cost $10.5 million.^[49]: 371

In 1946, the Board of Transportation issued a $1 billion plan that would extend the subway to the farthest reaches of the outer boroughs.^[57][58]

• A branch of theBMT Fourth Avenue Line at 59th Street under the Narrows to Saint Nicholas Street and Grent Street inStaten Island.
• A branch of theIND Fulton Street Line running via Utica Avenue to Avenue U.
• An extension of theIRT Nostrand Avenue Line from Flatbush Avenue to Voohries Avenue.
• A line branching off of theIND Crosstown Line running via Franklin Avenue connecting with theBMT Brighton Line. This would have replaced theBMT Franklin Avenue Line.
• The extension of the IND Fulton Street Line to Euclid Avenue would continue to be built, and would be extended to 229th Street and Linden Boulevard.
• The completion of the Culver Ramp, connecting theIND Culver Line with the BMT Culver Line.
• A branch of the IND Culver Line running via Tenth Avenue and Fort Hamilton Parkway to 86th Street, with a connection to theBMT West End Line. West End service would run via the Culver Line and would alleviate congestion at DeKalb Avenue Junction. In order to provide access to the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, the Culver Shuttle would be extended to 36th Street.

Even though the Board of Transportation did not approve these ideas, they were still proposed.

• A line branching off of theIND Eighth Avenue Line running via Worth Street and East Broadway and running under theEast River to Driggs Avenue.
• A new trunk line built alongSecond Avenue with a connection atCourt Street to theIND Fulton Street Line.
• Lines in Queens to the Rockaways, LaGuardia Airport, Idlewild Airport (now called JFK Airport), College Point, Bayside, Little Neck, Douglaston, Saint Albans and Bellerose.

In 1949, the Board of Transportation issued a $504 million plan to increase capacity on several subway lines through the construction of a new trunk line under Second Avenue.^[59]

• The rebuilding ofDeKalb Avenue that would remove the bottleneck and increase capacity by 18 tph.^[59]
• IND Sixth Avenue Line express tracks between West Fourth Street and 34th Street.^[59]
• A new subway line under 57th Street connecting the IND Sixth Avenue Line and the proposed Second Avenue trunk line.^[59]
• A four-trackSecond Avenue Subway would originate from a connection to theIRT Pelham Line at 138th Street, the Bronx, to Grand Street, Manhattan. The connection to the Pelham Line would allow for eight additional trains per hour operating between Manhattan and the Pelham Line. It would then be possible to operate 10-car trains via the line and it would also be possible to operate full express service via the line's center express track. The trains operating viaNassau Street would go to Brooklyn via the Montague Tunnel. During non-rush hours trains would terminate atBroad Street. There would be a passageway built from Grand Central via 43rd Street to Second Avenue to permit transfers.^[59]
• The IRT Pelham Line would be rebuilt to accommodate the wider BMT-IND cars to operate via the Second Avenue Line. The connection would provide the Pelham Line with direct service to Sixth Avenue, Second Avenue and Brooklyn.^[60]: 1200 The station platforms, and third rail would have had to be adjusted as they were put in place for the narrower IRT trains. The line was built with this conversion in mind, however.Westchester Yard would have been expanded to accommodate the additional trains added to the line. Since trains to the Pelham Line would no longer use theLexington Avenue Line, there would be additional capacity for trains to run via theIRT White Plains Road Line and theIRT Jerome Avenue Line. Improved service on the Pelham Line was projected to stimulate growth in the areas of the East Bronx served by the line. The East Bronx was seen to have great potential for industrial growth and other areas suitable for development as residential and recreational areas.^[59]
• An improved connection between the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and the IRT White Plains Road Line would be built using the tunnel under the Harlem River used by the IRT Pelham Line, and would allow for the full use of the capacity on the White Plains Road Line and the Jerome Avenue Line. Eight additional trains per hour would be added to the White Plains Road Line and fourteen additional trains per hour would be added to the Jerome Avenue Line. The additional service on the Jerome Avenue Line would make use of the third track for express service.^[59]
• The Second Avenue Line trunk would be extended to 149th Street to allow for a transfer to the Third Avenue Elevated. This would permit the demolition of the Third Avenue Elevated south of 149th Street, which was seen as uneconomical to operate, ugly and a hindrance of the avenue below it.^[59]
• Connection of theIRT Dyre Avenue Line to the IRT White Plains Road Line. The direct service was predicted to stimulate growth along its route.^[59]
• Connections would be made to theBMT Nassau Street Line, theWilliamsburg Bridge, and theManhattan Bridge. The Sixth Avenue Line would also be connected to the Williamsburg and Manhattan Bridges. The connection between the Nassau Street Line and the Manhattan Bridge south tracks would be eliminated. This would allow for thirty additional trains to operate between Midtown Manhattan and Brooklyn.^[59]
• The lengthening of platforms on the BMT lines in Brooklyn would increase capacity and would allow 10-car trains from Second Avenue to run over any section of the BMT and IND.^[59]
• Increase in capacity on theBMT Brighton Line,BMT Sea Beach Line,BMT West End Line, and theBMT Fourth Avenue Line by 8 tph in total by adding a connection from the BMT Culver Line to theIND Culver Line atDitmas Avenue. The additional capacity would result from the fact that trains operating via the former BMT Culver Line would not run through DeKalb Avenue Junction.^[59]
• Aconnection between theIND Queens Boulevard Line atQueens Plaza to theBMT 60th Street Tunnel that would increase capacity between Queens and Manhattan by 20 tph. This connection would permit the full use of the capacity of the Queens Boulevard local tracks.^[59]
• The construction of a ramp connecting theIND Fulton Street Line with theFulton Street Elevated on Liberty Avenue. Six stations on the elevated would have their platforms extended to accommodate 10-car trains. This would make possible the demolition of the BMT Fulton Street Line between Grant Avenue and Rockaway Avenue and the demolition of theBMT Lexington Avenue Line.^[59]

On June 21, 1950, a plan was created by the Board of Transportation and sent to Mayor O'Dwyer concerning rapid transit expansions in Queens. The total cost of the plan would have been $134.5 million. Many things were planned:^[61]

• The rebuilding ofDeKalb Avenue that would increase capacity by 18 tph.
• IND Sixth Avenue Line express tracks
• A four-trackSecond Avenue Subway between 149th Street, the Bronx, to Grand Street, Manhattan.
• Connections would be made to theBMT Nassau Street Line, theWilliamsburg Bridge, and theManhattan Bridge. The Sixth Avenue Line would also be connected to the Williamsburg and Manhattan Bridges.
• The Rockaway Beach Branch of theLong Island Rail Road (LIRR) would be acquired by the City and an embankment would be created with two bridges for the right-of-way overJamaica Bay. To provide a connection to the rest of the subway system, a track connection would be built to theIND Fulton Street Line.
• The Rockaway Beach Branch would run alongside the LIRR main line tracks as a super-express bypass. Once in Woodside, the line would go underground running underSunnyside Yards andLong Island City to theEast River. It would then go under the East River and 76th Street in Manhattan to the Second Avenue Line.
• The bypass would also have a connection to the LIRR'sPort Washington Branch with subway service running toBayside.
  • Connections to theIRT Pelham Line atThird Avenue–138th Street and to theIRT White Plains Road Line atThird Avenue–149th Street.

On September 13, 1951, the Board of Estimate approved a plan put forth by the New York Board of Transportation that would cost $500 million.^[62][63] Many things were planned:

• A six-trackSecond Avenue Subway between 149th Street, the Bronx, to Grand Street, Manhattan. This line would handle 68 trains per hour (tph) (34 tph on the express tracks and 34 tph on the local tracks).^[62]
  • The line would have a track connection to theIRT Pelham Line atThird Avenue–138th Street and there would be a branch terminating atThird Avenue–149th Street to permit a transfer to the Third Avenue Elevated in the Bronx. This would allow for the elimination of the Third Avenue Elevated south of 149th Street.
  • A tunnel to theIND Sixth Avenue Line via57th Street.
  • A super-express bypass line to the LIRRRockaway Beach Branch with a new tunnel under theEast River.
    • A connection from theIND Queens Boulevard Line to the Rockaway Beach Branch andIND Rockaway Line.
• Various Bronx IRT projects:^[62]
  • Increase in capacity on the IRT Pelham Line.
  • Connection of the IRT Dyre Avenue Line to the IRT White Plains Road Line.
  • Increase in capacity on the IRT White Plains Road Line north ofGun Hill Road by 8 trains per hour. (At the time, theIRT Third Avenue Line still connected to the IRT White Plains Road Line at Gun Hill Road.)
  • Increase in capacity on theIRT Jerome Avenue Line by 9 trains per hour.
• TheChrystie Street Connection:^[62]
  • IND Sixth Avenue Line express tracks.
  • DeKalb Avenue rebuilding, including closure of theMyrtle Avenue station. This would increase capacity by 18 tph.
    • Increase in capacity on theBMT Fourth Avenue Line's local tracks by 4 tph.
    • Increase in capacity on theBMT Sea Beach Line by 9 tph.
    • Increase in capacity on theBMT West End Line by 5 tph.
  • Connection of the IND Second Avenue and IND Sixth Avenue Lines to theBMT Jamaica Line and to theManhattan Bridge.
• Increase in capacity on theBMT Brighton Line by 8 tph by adding a connection from the BMT Culver Line to theIND Culver Line atDitmas Avenue.^[62]
• 60th Street Tunnel Connection.^[62]
• Extension of theIRT Nostrand Avenue Line to Voorhies Avenue.^[62]
• Construction of the IRT Utica Avenue Line fromCrown Heights–Utica Avenue toKings Plaza.^[62]

The Board of Estimate requested that the Board of Transportation evaluate a spur of theIRT Pelham Line toThroggs Neck in the Bronx.

The Board of Estimate accepted the following items into its 1954 budget from the New York City Transit Authority:

• The elimination of theDeKalb Avenue bottleneck on the BMT.^[64]
• The construction of theNostrand Avenue extension to Avenue U. It would have cost $51.7 million.^[64]
• The extension of the IND Fulton Street Line to theBMT Liberty Avenue Elevated.^[64]
• A start on theSecond Avenue Subway in Chrystie Street.^[64]
• Adding express tracks to theIND Sixth Avenue Line.^[64]

In March 1954, the Transit Authority issued a $658 million construction program including the following projects:^[65]

• A Second Avenue trunk line, which would have allowed 34 more trains to midtown per hour.^[65]
• A tunnel at 76th Street that would connect to the Second Avenue Line that would run under theEast River and connect with the existingLong Island Rail Road main line.^[65]
• An increase of service on the IRT White Plains Road Line by eight trains per hour due to the construction of the Second Avenue Line.^[65]
• The connection of theIRT White Plains Road Line and theIRT Dyre Avenue Line was nearing completion and would provide direct service to Manhattan and Brooklyn.^[65]
• Fourteen additional trains per hour would be able to operate on theIRT Jerome Avenue Line if theIRT Pelham Line was connected to the Second Avenue Subway. Service would have been tripled on the Pelham Line.^[65]
• The completion of the60th Street Tunnel Connection, which was under construction, would increase service to Jamaica by fifteen trains per hour.^[65]
• The addition of two tracks to the IND Sixth Avenue Line would allow express service.^[65]
• The elimination of the DeKalb Avenue bottleneck on the BMT, which would allow eighteen more trains to be operated per hour.^[65]
• The construction of the Nostrand Avenue extension to Avenue U.^[65]
• The construction of the Chrystie Street Connection.^[65]
• The connection of theIND South Brooklyn Line and theBMT Culver Line atDitmas Avenue would be opened in the spring, and would have allowed eight more trains to run per hour on theBMT Brighton Line.^[65]
• Bottlenecks would be removed atGrand Central on theIRT East Side Line and at96th Street on theIRT West Side Line.^[65]

In 1954, Regional Plan Association advocated for an extension of theBMT Canarsie Line fromEighth Avenue toJersey City under theHudson River. The tunnel under the Hudson would have cost $40 million. The extension would have provided access to commuter railroads in New Jersey as most lines converged there, and the lines that didn't would be rerouted to stop there. The RPA also suggested having a parking lot there for access from thePulaski Skyway and theNew Jersey Turnpike. It was suggested that either the New York City Transit Authority, thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey or the Bi-State Metropolitan Rapid Transit Commission would do the construction.^[14]

John T. Clancy, aDemocratic incumbent running forQueens Borough President in 1961 proposed third tracking theBMT Jamaica Elevated Line to provide express service, and reactivating theRockaway Beach Branch from Rego Park to Liberty Avenue.^[66]

In July 1962, the NYCTA announced that it had asked the city for money to build a $190 million high-speed, non-stop subway line from Midtown to the Bronx. The line would have only operated during rush hours. It was estimated that if the funds were given to the project, it would be completed in 1970. The line would be a two-track line running from 59th Street between Fifth and Seventh Avenues to the Bronx, running under Central Park. Running non-stop for 6.5 miles, it would have been the longest continuous run in the subway system. The line, on its southern end, would connect to the BMT Broadway Line at Seventh Avenue near 59th Street and to the IND Sixth Avenue Line near 58th Street and Sixth Avenue.^[67]

The line would then run through a deep tunnel under Central Park until 110th Street. There would be provisions for a future crosstown line under 76th Street to Queens. The line would then turn east and run along Madison Avenue to 138th Street. One branch would connect to the express track of the IRT Pelham Line, which would be converted to accommodate larger B Division trains. In the morning rush hour, trains from Pelham Park would only make express stops. A new stop would be built at 138th Street and Grand Concourse where transfers would have been available to theIRT White Plains Road andIRT Jerome Avenue Line trains.^[68]

The second branch would continue under the Grand Concourse until 161st Street where it would connect to theIND Concourse Line at 161st Street. This connection would allow for the diversion of Concourse Line express trains onto the new line, allowing for the addition of an equal number of trains to theIND Central Park West express service and provide relief to that line. The construction of this line was viewed as necessary to relieve the IRT Lexington Avenue Line.^[69]

In February 1963, the New York City Transit Authority issued a preliminary proposal for rapid transit expansion in the borough of Queens. The plan was designed to relieve congestion on the IRT Flushing Line and IND Queens Boulevard, to deal with expected population growth, and to provide service to areas of the borough without transit service. To expand service to other areas of the borough a new trunk line would be built to provide the necessary capacity. The planned extensions were expected to relieve crowding on the IRT Flushing Line by 22 percent and on the IND Queens Boulevard Line by 19 percent.^[70]

The first phase of the transit expansion would build a trunk line connecting the IND Queens Boulevard Line's local tracks at Steinway Street and Broadway using existing provisions with the IND Sixth Avenue Line and BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan. The new line would have run under 34th Avenue, a new tunnel under the East River, and 76th Street before turning south under Central Park. Connections would be made to the IND Sixth Avenue Line at 58th Street and to the BMT Broadway Line's stub tracks at 59th Street and Seventh Avenue. In Manhattan, there would have been a transfer connection to the 77th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line and a station in Central Park at 70th Street.^[70]

Provisions would be built for a planned extension to the Bronx. At Steinway Street, switches would be constructed to all GG trains from Brooklyn to terminate there. The new 4.5 miles (7.2 km) line would have provided an additional 30 trains per hour between Queens and Manhattan with a future northern extension. Initially, the line would be used for 15 trains per hour running to the IND Sixth Avenue Line from the IND Queens Boulevard Line. The construction of the trunk line was expected to cost $138.6 million, of which $37.4 million would be spent for the section south of 76th Street. The earliest possible date for the completion of the line would have been 1970.^[70]

To provide service to unserved areas of Queens, three additional routes were considered. The first route would have served northern and northeastern Queens, running along 34th Avenue, Northern Bouelvard, Main Street, Kissena Boulevard, Parsons Boulevard, and one of the Horace Harding Expressway service roads to Springfield Boulevard. The 10.3 miles (16.6 km)-line would have consisted of two tracks and would have cost $219.4 million. The second route would be a branch of the IND Fulton Street Line heading under Linden Boulevard and Merrick Boulevard to Springield Boulevard.^[70]

Two options were considered for this line. The first option would have branched off of the Fulton Street Line near Pitkin Avenue and Euclid Avenue using existing provisions in the tunnel. The second option would have extended the Liberty Avenue Elevated from Lefferts Boulevard. This option would have required the acquisition of private property to widen Liberty Avenue so that the line could transition from an elevated line to a subway line and to make the turn from Liberty Avenue and Linden Boulevard. The subway option would have been 6.6 miles (10.6 km) long and would have cost $116 million while the elevated/subway option would have been 4.5 miles (7.2 km) and would have cost $80.8 million.^[70]

The third route would have connected the IND Rockaway Line to the IND Queens Boulevard Line using the Rockaway Beach Branch and an existing provision in the tunnel east of 63rd Drive. The Rockaway Beach Line had been abandoned by the Long Island Rail Road on June 8, 1962. A new stop would be built at Linden Boulevard to connect with a new subway line. This line was expected to cost $39.9 million.^[70]

In addition to expanding service to Queens, service to the Bronx would have been expanded as well. The new trunk line connecting the BMT Broadway Line and IND Sixth Avenue Line to Queens south of 76th Street would have been used for the new line to the Bronx. This line would have run under the center of Central Park and then running via Fifth Avenue once out of the park at 110th Street, and would continue under the East River with a branch connecting to theIRT Pelham Line, which would have been modified in order to fitB Division subway cars, and a branch continuing up the Grand Concourse and then connecting to theIND Concourse Line.^[71][72]

In May 1963, theNew York City Planning Commission proposed the following in response to the NYCTA's proposal:^[71]

• An implementation of skip-stop service on theBMT Jamaica Line.^[71]
• An extension of a proposed Madison Avenue Line and theIND Sixth Avenue Line operating via 59th Street, with two branches.^[71][72] One branch would have operated along Second Avenue with a branch connecting to theIRT Pelham Line, which would have had to be modified to fitB Division subway cars, and a branch connecting to theIND Concourse Line.^[71][72] The other branch would have continued under the East River, and would have been connected to theLong Island Rail Road main line in theSunnyside area.^[71][72] Subway trains would have continued via thePort Washington Branch toLittle Neck, and via the LIRR Main Line to Rego Park, where it would have turned via the formerRockaway Beach Branch and then would have turned onto theLower Montauk Branch, and would have continued on the branch throughJamaica, where it would continue via theAtlantic Branch until Rosedale, staying within city limits.^[71][72] The report claims that its proposed routes would serve up to twice as many people as the NYCTA's proposed routes.^[71][72]

• A two-track Madison Avenue Line would have run from the proposed 59th Street tunnel via Madison Avenue and would have tied into the then-underutilizedBMT Broadway Line in the vicinity of Madison Square.^[71][72]
• In the vicinity of City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan, a connection between the BMT Nassau Street and Broadway Lines would have carried the Madison Avenue service through the financial district at Wall Street and Broad Street.^[71][72] Another connection in Lower Manhattan would have been built connecting the IND Eighth Avenue Line and the BMT Broadway Line in the area of the former Hudson Terminal (today's World Trade Center).^[71][72]

Similar plans were made by theNew York City Transit Authority in 1968.^[73][74] They included:

• TheIND Second Avenue Line with connections toIRT Dyre Avenue Line at East 180th Street, and theIRT Pelham Line at Whitlock Avenue^[75]
• A crosstown line under34th Street from 12th Avenue to 1st Avenue^[75]
• IND/BMT63rd Street Line
• A new line running along Park Avenue in the Bronx to replace the Third Avenue Elevated^[75]
• Super-express bypass ofIND Queens Boulevard Line^[75]
• New line splitting from the IND Queens Boulevard Line under theLong Island Expressway toKissena Boulevard in Phase I and toSpringfield Boulevard in Phase II^[76]
• Archer Avenue Line toSpringfield Boulevard branching off of the BMT Jamaica Line at 127th Street and off of the Queens Boulevard Line at bellmouths railroad north of the Van Wyck Boulevard station.^[75]
• IRT Nostrand Avenue Line extension to Avenue W inSheepshead Bay.^[75] This was by then the fifth time that the Nostrand Avenue extension was proposed.
• A new line branching off of the IRT Eastern Parkway Line and running underUtica Avenue toAvenue U^[75]
• Extension of theBMT Canarsie Line toNostrand Avenue orJFK Airport
• Extension of theIRT New Lots Line to Linwood Street andFlatlands Avenue
• Extension of theIND Concourse Line toWhite Plains Road

TheArcher Avenue Lines are two lines, split between the BMT and IND, mostly running under Archer Avenue in theJamaica neighborhood ofQueens. Conceived as part of these 1968 expansion plans, they opened on December 11, 1988.^[77] There are stub-end tunnels east of the line's northern terminus,Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer, on both levels, which extend past the station for possible future extensions.^[78]

The63rd Street Lines are two lines also split between the BMT and IND. The short BMT line connects the express tracks of theBMT Broadway Line from57th Street–Seventh Avenue toLexington Avenue–63rd Street, where it now runs through to the Second Avenue subway. The IND line runs from theIND Sixth Avenue Line at57th Street inManhattan east under 63rd Street and theEast River through the63rd Street Tunnel to theIND Queens Boulevard Line inQueens.^[79] There is a stub-end tunnel at the northern terminus of the IND line that is intended for the Queens super-express bypass.^[80]

In Lower Manhattan, plans were made for the following:^[81]: 7

• A new terminal forIRT Seventh Avenue locals toSouth Ferry
• A track connection between theHudson Terminal (now World Trade Center) on theIND Eighth Avenue Line andCortlandt Street on theBMT Broadway Line, both in Manhattan.
  • RR trains would be discontinued south ofCity Hall, as the station would permanently become a terminal. The City Hall station is located one block east of Hudson Terminal. The segment between City Hall in Manhattan andBay Ridge–95th Street would be replaced by two other services.
  • B Sixth Avenue express trains would be rerouted to the Eighth Avenue Lines, replacing theAA andCC Eighth Avenue locals. B trains would run south through the connection and continue through theMontague Street Tunnel andBMT Fourth Avenue Line, thereby replacing the RR between Cortlandt Street in Manhattan and59th Street in Brooklyn.
  • JJ trains would operate via the Montague Street Tunnel and Fourth Avenue line, with an extension to Bay Ridge–95th Street.
• ASecond Avenue Subway would operate along Second Avenue in Manhattan, connecting New Jersey with both Queens and the Bronx.
  • T and Y would run the entire length of the Second Avenue line from New Jersey, then run toward Queens and the Bronx respectively.
  • EE trains would be rerouted onto the southernmost section of the subway into New Jersey via the BMT Broadway express tracks, which turn eastward toward theManhattan Bridge. The EE would then diverge southward, merging with the Second Avenue main line.

In 1986, theRegional Plan Association suggested extending theIRT Flushing Line across theHudson River to theMeadowlands Sports Complex inEast Rutherford, New Jersey.^[16]

In 1986, the MTA issued a study on expanding transit options on the west side of Manhattan. It was proposed to use theWest Side Line viaduct (today'sHigh Line), and various means of transportation were proposed, including monorail, passenger rail trains, or subway trains. It also proposed to extend the IRT Flushing orBMT Canarsie Lines (7 and <7>​ andL, respectively).^[82]

In 1990, the MTA proposed a rail line connectingLaGuardia Airport andJohn F. Kennedy International Airport. The line would have operated over theGrand Central Parkway and theVan Wyck Expressway. There would be stations atShea Stadium andJamaica. The system was proposed to cost $2 billion. The MTA estimated that the rail link would take 30 minutes from Kennedy to LaGuardia, and the frequency of service would initially be every 15 minutes. There would be a two-track alignment with one track for each direction, as well as at least two trains heading in each direction at all times. If the link were built, the average travel time from Manhattan to Kennedy would have been about 45 minutes using theLong Island Rail Road, including transfers. To LaGuardia, the average travel time from theGrand Central station using theIRT Flushing Line would be 47 minutes.^[83]

In 1998, an extension of theBMT Astoria Line to LaGuardia Airport was planned, but the plan was canceled in 2003 following community opposition.^[84][85]

In 1999, theRegional Plan Association considered a full-length Second Avenue Subway from Broad Street to 125th Street, along with the LIRREast Side Access. It also planned the following extensions:^[86]

• a Co-op City extension of the Second Avenue Subway via the Amtrak right-of-way through the northeast Bronx
• a Grand Central Terminal spur of the Second Avenue Subway
• a super-express bypass from theAtlantic Terminal via the LIRRAtlantic Branch
• an extension to JFK Airport via the Van Wyck Expressway
• an extension to Laurelton via the LIRR Atlantic Branch
• a branch off the Second Avenue Subway at 14th Street to Avenue C, to merge with theIND Sixth Avenue Line at Essex Street
• a connection to theBMT Nassau Street Line near Delancey Street
• a super-express bypass of the Queens Boulevard Line from east of21st Street–Queensbridge to east ofForest Hills–71st Avenue
• a new interlocking atPrince Street to allow easy switching of trains between local and express tracks

The new set of extensions proposed by the RPA, dubbed "MetroLink", would make use of existing commuter rail infrastructure, so as to make it interoperable with the New York City Subway. Nine hundred fifty "Rx" hybrid railcars would be ordered, with yard expansions and new yards being built. MetroLink, consisting of 31 new metro stations (not counting three recycled commuter rail stations) and 19 new route‑miles of track (31 km) (not including existing commuter rail and then-under constructionAirTrain JFK route miles) would have reduced the load on theIRT Lexington Avenue Line, theIRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and theIND Queens Boulevard Line. Two of these stations would be in Brooklyn, three in Queens, nine in the Bronx, and twenty in Manhattan. Five services would be run:^[86]

1. The Co-op City–Second Avenue–Broadway–Whitehall Street service
2. The 125th Street–Second Avenue–Atlantic Terminal Bypass–Jamaica Center service
3. The Grand Central–Second Avenue–Atlantic Terminal Bypass–JFK Airport service
4. The Grand Central–Second Avenue–Fourth Avenue–West End Line to Coney Island service
5. The Laurelton–Jamaica Center–Queens Bypass–Second Avenue–Lower East Side–Culver Express to Avenue X service

Stations would have been located at:

• NewSecond Avenue Subway (15 stations):^[86]
  • Lexington Avenue at125th Street (transfer with4, ​5, ​6, and <6> trains)
  • Grand Central Terminal (transfer with4, ​5, ​6, <6>​, 7, <7>​​, and S trains)
  • Second Avenue at 116th, 106th,96th,86th,72nd, 55th (transfer with4, ​6, <6>​, E, and ​M trains), 44th, 34th, 23rd, 14th (transfer withL train), andHouston Streets
  • Bowery/Canal Street
  • Water Street at Wall/Fulton Streets and at Whitehall/Broad Streets
• New Lower East Side Line (4 stations):^[86]
  • First Avenue at 14th Street (transfer withL train)
  • Avenue C at 8th Street and at Houston Street
  • East Broadway at Pitt Street
• New Co-op City Line (9 stations):^[86]
  • Co-op City North, Central, and South stations
  • Bronx Municipal Hospital Center
  • East Tremont Avenue at White Plains Road and atWest Farms Square (transfer with2 and ​5 trains at the latter)
  • Boston Road at 169th Street
  • Third Avenue at 161st and 149th Street (transfer with2 train at the latter)
• Atlantic Branch (5 stations):^[86]
  • Jay Street–MetroTech (transfer withA, ​C​, F, <F>​​, N, R, and ​W trains)
  • Atlantic Terminal (transfer with2, ​3, ​4, ​5​, B, ​D, N, ​Q​, R and ​W​ trains)
  • Linden Boulevard
  • Locust Manor
  • Laurelton

The AirTrain JFK,Atlantic Branch,Main Line ROW, andNortheast Corridor would all be "recycled" to accommodate subway service under this plan. TheNostrand Avenue andEast New York LIRR stations would also have been closed under MetroLink.^[86]

The New York City Subway has opened five subway stations since 2009, and up to 15 more subway stations are planned. However, the 21st-century expansion plans pale in comparison to some of the subway system's other previous plans.

The7 Subway Extension was devised in the late 1990s to extend theIRT Flushing Line, which carries the7 local and<7> express services, further westward intoManhattan.^[87] The extension stretches a total of 1 mile (1.6 km) from its former terminus atTimes Square to anew western terminus at 34th Street and 11th Avenue.^[87] The tunnels are actually 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long.^[88] A second station at10th Avenue–41st Street was dropped from the plans in October 2007, but could be restored if funding can be found.^[89] The extension's opening had been delayed to June 2014, with the rest of the 34th Street station to open at the end of 2015.^[90]

Michael Horodniceanu, chief of MTA Construction Company, toldThe New York Times that complications in the installation of theinclined elevator would likely cause a further delay of about three months, bringing the opening date to very late summer or early fall of 2014.^[91] Further complications in February 2014 brought the projected date of the opening to November 2014,^[92] then to February 2015,^[93] then spring 2015,^[94] and to summer 2015.^[95] The station opened in September 2015.^[96]

As proposed under the RPA's Fourth Regional Plan,^[97] a second 7 Subway Extension would be built, serving23rd Street before connecting with the existing14th Street/Eighth Avenue station.^[98]

TheSecond Avenue Subway was repeatedly delayed and shaved back from a six-track combined local/express line to a two-track superexpress line since 1919 (with occasional construction between 1972 and 1976).Construction of the Second Avenue Subway began in 2007. Atunnelling contract was awarded to the consortium of Schiavone/Shea/Skanska (S3) by theMetropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) on March 20, 2007.^[99] This followed preliminary engineering and a final tunnel design completed by ajoint venture betweenAecom andArup.^[100][101]Parsons Brinckerhoff was the construction manager of the project. This contract, and the full funding grant agreement with theFederal Transit Administration, which was received in November 2007, is for Phase I of the project, a new line between the existing63rd Street Line and96th Street andSecond Avenue.^[102] The total cost of the 8.5-mile (13.7 km) line is expected to top $17 billion.^[103]

A ceremonial ground-breaking for the Second Avenue Subway was held in April 2007.^[104] Thetunnel boring machine (TBM) began digging the tunnels for Phase I in May 2010^{[105][106][107]} and completed its excavations in September 2011.^[108] Phase I, consisting of two miles (3.2 km) of tunnel and three stations, was opened in January 2017.^{[109][110][111]} It cost $4.45 billion.^[112] A 1.5-mile (2.4 km), $6 billion second phase is in planning;^[113] land acquisition for Phase 2 started in April 2022.^[114] As of October 2023^[update], Phase 2 was set to open in early 2032.^[115][116]

The RPA's Fourth Regional Plan proposed two northward extensions. Phase 2B would be an extension of Phase 2 under125th Street fromLexington Avenue toBroadway. Phase 2C would be a spur toThird Avenue–149th Street, connecting with theIND Concourse Line.^[98]

A proposal for the LIRR Bay Ridge Branch would have the New York City Subway use the tracks to linkBrooklyn,Queens (both already linked by theG train) andthe Bronx via theHell Gate Bridge. Based on Paris'sRER commuter rail system, the Triboro RX proposal would create a partial loop around the city.^[117] In 1996, theRegional Plan Association conducted a study to determine the feasibility of the rail link.^[118] The original proposal would have terminated atYankee Stadium.^[119] The proposed line, discussion of which was revived in 2012, would connect to all non-shuttle subway services at 12 stations.^[119][120]

The line in this proposal would have terminated atHunts Point.^[117] The line was brought back in the 2015 report "The Overlooked Boroughs" by the Regional Plan Association. The line would be 24 miles (39 km) long and would consist of 22 stations, would cost $1 billion and is projected to have more than 100,000 daily riders.^[121][122] Plans for the line date back to 1995.^[123]

Obstacles for the proposal include the proposedCross-Harbor Rail Tunnel, the lack ofelectrification on the line, as well as thesingle-tracking in some parts of the line. The current iteration of the plan would have its northern terminus be Co-Op City South using the Hell Gate Branch.^[124] The LIRRBay Ridge Branch and theNew York Connecting Railroad have freight operating along them, and are regulated by theFederal Railroad Administration (FRA). FRA rules require a certain distance between freight and passenger trains that share rights-of-way, and as a result it is uncertain whether the right-of-way is wide enough or if more durable train cars are needed to be able to share the same tracks.^[119] The RPA's 2015 plan considered having FRA compliant light rail vehicles run over the line. In addition to providing transfer opportunities, the line would provide transit access to areas without it in Glendale and Middle Village in Queens, as well as in Flatlands and Canarsie in Brooklyn.^[125]

In mid-October 2019, the MTA announced that it would study the feasibility of restoring passenger service on the Bay Ridge Branch portion of the route.^[126] In early January 2022, as part of herState of the State address New York governorKathy Hochul announced that the state would move forward with the Bay Ridge Branch Line by conducting an environmental study on theInterborough Express (IBX), a 14-mile (23 km) corridor using the existing Bay Ridge Branch and Fremont Secondary fromBay Ridge, Brooklyn, toJackson Heights, Queens.^[127] End-to-end travel times are expected to be less than 40 minutes, and weekday ridership is projected to be 115,000.^[128] The route would connect up to 17 subway lines and the Long Island Rail Road.^{[129][130][131]} The MTA indicated in September 2022 that it wanted to construct the IBX as a light rail line,^[132] and Hochul announced in January 2023 that the project would proceed as a light rail corridor.^[133][134]

TheLong Island Rail Road (LIRR) abandoned theRockaway Beach Branch in 1962; ever since it has been sought after for reactivation for train service. The line has not been reactivated due to local opposition, specifically the homeowners who live along the right-of-way. One group,QueensLink, wants the line to be reactivated between the63rd Drive–Rego Park station on theIND Queens Boulevard Line to the north and theIND Rockaway Line to the south, providing a north-south connection in Queens.^[135] A second group would use the right-of-way as a linear park, known as theQueensway, a proposal inspired by the success of theHigh Line in Manhattan. A third group consists of homeowners who would have nothing done, keeping the line as is.^[136]

Talks of reactivating the line were publicly endorsed in February 2012 by AssemblymenPhillip Goldfeder andMichael G. Miller. Goldfeder commented "The commute for people here is only going to go from bad to worse. You can't talk about a convention center without talking about transportation." Goldfeder and Miller said they are not opposed to turning sections of the line into a park, but said people who live inthe Rockaways,Ozone Park and other areas have no quick or easy way to get into Manhattan. TheGenting Group, which operates Resorts World casino and have been asked to construct the convention center, are evaluating several plans to increase transportation access. Genting is committed to paying for part of the transportation improvements. Advocates of the Queensway, a proposed public park along the branch's route, are against resumption of rail service, stating that current bus service fills current transportation needs in the area.^[137] U.S. RepresentativesHakeem Jeffries andGregory Meeks added their support for the project in March 2013. Both representatives will push to allocate federal transportation subsidies to study a plan for restored passenger service.^[138]

The line would cost $1 billion, if built in its full length with a connection to theIND Queens Boulevard Line, and would stretch across 3.5 miles (5.6 km), providing connections to several subway services as well as the LIRR.^[139][140] Another possible option would have Long Island Rail Road service restored with service to seven stations along the right-of-way, with service ending in Howard Beach.^[141] The line would serve upwards of 250,000 passengers per day and would provide access toJFK Airport fromMidtown Manhattan.^[142] In February 2015, the Regional Plan Association suggested having someF trains, after running through the63rd Street Tunnel, be rerouted to operate over theLower Montauk Branch of the LIRR running through underservedMaspeth andGlendale and then meeting up with the Rockaway Beach Branch inRego Park.^[125]

TheBMT Astoria Line extension toLaGuardia Airport was suggested as part of LaGuardia's long-range expansion/renovation plan. Currently, no New York City Subway routes service the airport directly, but provisions for a subway connection are part of a 2014 long range rebuilding plan by the MTA.^[143] TheNew York Daily News' editorial board came out in support of this extension on February 21, 2017, detailing why this route is superior to GovernorAndrew Cuomo’s plan for anAirTrain from LaGuardia toWillets Point.^[144]

In April 2015, New York City MayorBill de Blasio announced a new plan for building a subway line underUtica Avenue inBrooklyn. Previous plans, most recently theProgram for Action, had provisions for such a line. It would branch off from theIRT Eastern Parkway Line (2, ​3, ​4, and ​5 trains) atCrown Heights–Utica Avenue. The new line being proposed is part of de Blasio's "One New York" plan, which aims to improve transit, reduce emissions, and fight poverty. If built, the line would go toFlatbush Avenue, nearKings Plaza. Since theMetropolitan Transportation Authority had budget shortages as of April 2015^[update], however, it is unclear how the line would be funded or built.^[145][146]

The MTA Board allocated $5 million for a feasibility study, the Utica Avenue Subway Extension Study, for this proposal in the MTA's 2015–2019 Capital Program.^[147] In August 2016, it was reported that the MTA was looking into an extension of theIRT Nostrand Avenue Line along Flatbush Avenue toMarine Park, which would allow trains to serve Kings Plaza.^[148] Both the Utica Avenue and Nostrand Avenue proposals for extensions to Kings Plaza have been proposed since the 1910s.^[6] Planning on the Utica Avenue Line stalled^[149][150] because it was no longer viewed as a priority by the MTA.^[151] Planning resumed in April 2019 when New York City Transit joined city agencies in launching the Utica Avenue Transit Improvement Study. The study looked into a subway extension, improved bus rapid transit, and a new light rail line.^[152] Since the study occurred concurrently with the 2020 redesign of Brooklyn bus routes, the MTA decided to prioritize the Utica Avenue transit study,^[153] and the 2025-2044 Needs Assessment compares these options, determining bus rapid transit to be the most cost effective option.^[154]

In November 2017, the RPA suggested building both lines as part of its fourth plan. The Nostrand Line was envisioned as a three-stop extension to Avenue Z, while the Utica Line was planned as a five-stop spur to Kings Plaza.^[98]

TheRegional Plan Association (RPA) released its fourth Regional Plan in November 2017, twenty-one years after its previous Regional Plan had been published. The fourth plan included several lists of suggestions on how to improve the city's transit system, of which subway expansion was a major component.^[155] Under the RPA's plan, theSecond Avenue Subway would be completed to its full length within Manhattan and then extended to the Bronx. The7 Subway Extension would expand in scope, with the IRT Flushing Line being extended to14th Street and Eighth Avenue.^[98]

Both theUtica Avenue and Nostrand Avenue Lines in Brooklyn would be realized. Queens would see three subway expansions, including two new Queens lines: one alongNorthern Boulevard toFlushing orCollege Point and one along Jewel Avenue toAlley Pond Park. A one-stop extension of the Astoria Line would be built to serve western Astoria.^[98] Ultimately, the plan included eight extensions with at least 40 stations in total.^[98]

In January 2018, then-GovernorAndrew Cuomo ordered the MTA to conduct a study on the feasibility of building a subway station inRed Hook, Brooklyn, in order to redevelop the area. If approved, the station would likely be built as part of an extension of theIRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line pastSouth Ferry in Lower Manhattan with a station atGovernors Island possible, but unlikely due to cost and benefit.^[156][157]

As of 2022^[update], a potential extension of theBMT Broadway Line to Red Hook (to be served by theW train) is being evaluated as part of the MTA's 2025–2044 20-Year Needs Assessment.^[158]

As of 2022^[update], a potential extension of theIRT New Lots Line (to be served by the3 train) toSpring Creek, Brooklyn, is being evaluated as part of the 2025–2044 20-Year Needs Assessment.^[158]

As part of the 2025–2044 20-Year Needs Assessment, the MTA is also evaluating the possibility of extending the Second Avenue Subway westward under125th Street following the completion of Phase 2. The line might be extended westward toBroadway and 125th Street, connecting with the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line's125th Street station; to Broadway and 137th Street, connecting with the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line's137th Street–City College station; toRiverside Drive and 137th Street; or toSt. Nicholas Avenue and135th Street, merging with theIND Eighth Avenue Line.^[158]

After thePATH'sWorld Trade Center station was destroyed during theSeptember 11 attacks, there was a proposal to connect the PATH and the New York City Subway. Whereas the original World Trade Center station consisted of five north-southballoon loops that sent eastward trains back west to New Jersey, the rebuilt PATH station would have been built in an east–west alignment. The tracks would have extended eastward by 3,000 feet (910 m) to theBrooklyn Bridge-City Hall station on the New York City Subway'sIRT Lexington Avenue Line.^[81]: 6 The benefits of this connection, called PATH-Lex by its supporters, would have consisted of a one-seat ride from Newark and Jersey City through Lower Manhattan, the East Side of Manhattan, and the Bronx.^[81]: 5 While theMetropolitan Transportation Authority was interested in the plan, thePort Authority of New York and New Jersey dismissed the idea altogether, due to the complexity of connecting the two separate systems.^[159][160]

• NYCsubway.org – IND Second System
• Abandoned Stations (A thorough treatment of the history of the abandoned subway stations)
  • IND Second System unfinished stations
• JoeKorNer – IND Second System (including a plan for a line to Staten Island)
• The Future NYC SubwayArchived November 29, 2013, at theWayback Machine (a thorough treatment of subway extensions that have been discussed, but never built)
• Jim O'Grady. Lost Subways: Abandoned Stations & Unbuilt Lines
• The Lost Subways of New York interactive map (WNYC)

• Proposed New York City Subway projects
• Proposed railway lines in New York (state)
• Proposed public transportation in New York (state)

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