In modern political discourse, progressivism is often associated withsocial liberalism,[3][4][5] a left-leaning type of liberalism, andsocial democracy.[6][7] Withineconomic progressivism, there is some ideological variety on the social liberal to social democrat continuum, as well as occasionally some variance on cultural issues. Illustrative examples of this include someChristian democracy and conservative-leaningcommunitarian movements.[8][9] While many ideologies can fall under the banner of progressivism, all eras of the movement are characterized by a critique of unregulated capitalism and a call for a more activedemocratic government to safeguardhuman rights, promotecultural development, and serve as acheck-and-balance on corporatemonopolies.[6][10]
Modernity or modernisation was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted byclassical liberals in the 19th and 20th centuries, who called for the rapid modernisation of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances tofree markets and thefree movements of people.[13]
The first modern socialists of the 19th century followedutopian socialism,[18] and experienced pushback fromprogressive socialism. This reformist approach was reflected in a readiness to question revolutionary tenets of Marxist orthodoxy, as well as challenges to sections of scientific socialism. G.A. Kleene, a 19th-century economist, defined progressive socialism asEduard Bernstein's stand against "'Old-School'Marxism."[19] Progressive socialism has historically been associated with reformist openness to question scientific socialism, such as by criticizing thelaw of growing misery.[20]
PresidentWoodrow Wilson was also a member of the American progressive movement within theDemocratic Party. Progressive stances have evolved.Imperialism was a controversial issue within progressivism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States, where some progressives supportedAmerican imperialism while others opposed it.[35] In response toWorld War I, PresidentWoodrow Wilson'sFourteen Points established the concept of nationalself-determination and criticised imperialist competition and colonial injustices.Anti-imperialists supported these views in areas resisting imperial rule.[36]
During the period of acceptance of economicKeynesianism (the 1930s–1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role forstate intervention in the economy. The "progressive" brand was frequently identified with supporters of the New Deal by the year 1936.[37] While the more progressiveSecond New Deal was more controversial in the public, the progressive consensus of the New Deal was strong, and even future moderate Republican presidents likeDwight D. Eisenhower andRichard Nixon worked to preserve it. The New Deal provided the context for future expansive progressive programs, especially theGreat Society measures ofLyndon Johnson's administration. With the rise ofneoliberalism and challenges to stateinterventionist policies in the 1970s and 1980s,centre-left progressive movements responded by adopting theThird Way, which emphasised a major role for themarket economy.[38] There have beensocial democrats who have called for the social-democratic movement to move past Third Way.[39] Prominentprogressive conservative elements in the BritishConservative Party, such as from the likes ofRab Butler,[40] promoted thepost-war consensus, and others have criticised neoliberalism.[41]
Founded in Leipzig, Germany, on May 22, 2013, the Progressive Alliance is an international political organization made up primarily of social democratic political parties and organizations.[42] The organization was established as a substitute for the already-existingSocialist International, of which many of its constituent parties are either present or previous members.[43][44][45][46][47][48] In January 2012,Sigmar Gabriel, then chairman of theSocial Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), decided to terminate the SPD's annual membership fee of £100,000 to the Socialist International. Gabriel criticized Socialist International for admitting and maintaining undemocratic political movements, leading to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance.[49][50][51] The organization has a stated goal to become the worldwide network of "the progressive, democratic,social-democratic,socialist, andlabour movement."[52][53]
20th century progressivism in theUnited Kingdom highlights enduring tension andfactionalism between more avowedly left-wing progressives and those who incorporate moresyncretic politics into their progressivism. Groups like theInstitute for Public Policy Research, theFabian Society, andProgressive Britain are organizations represent a wide variety of U.K. progressive thought. Progressivism in the United Kingdom has seen shifts fromNew Labour's early dominance to the rise ofcultural liberalism, environmentalism from theGreen Party, and grassroots movements with a variety of focuses, includingpro-Palestineanti-war causes,radical democracy, anduniversal basic income.[64][65][66]Tony Blair's government represented a significant period of progressive growth, although his politics were more centrist than previous progressive movements that leaned further left, and his government faced criticisms for itsThird Way market-oriented policies and emphasis on deregulation.[67] TheBlairite consensus was dominant within U.K. progressivism from the mid-1990s and through the end of Blair’s premiership, which ended in 2007.New Labour continued to evolve with the subsequent Labour leadership ofGordon Brown and was formally abandoned by his successor,Ed Miliband, forOne Nation Labour in 2010.[68][69]
Jeremy Corbyn represented a staunch return of the Labour party platform toits more historic democratic socialism with a focus onnationalization,[70] robust public spending,[71] and both anti-austerity and anti-war stances.[72] Corbyn appealed to a progressive left base disillusioned with previous Labour governments, but he was a controversial figure in the party who oscillated between a loyal base of support and electability concerns.[73] Subsequent leader and eventual prime ministerKeir Starmer shifted Labour toward pragmatic, economically cautious centrism, striving for electability by striking a balance between broad public appeal, traditional Labour beliefs, and Starmer's own conviction that economic changes made previous more left-wing economic positions untenable.[74][75][76][77] The animosity between Corbyn and Starmer intensified withStarmer's suspension of Corbyn from Labour in 2020, accusing Corbyn of an inadequate response to antisemitism. Corbyn was supported against these accusations byProgressive International.[78] Starmer said in 2023 that "the very best of progressive politics is found in our determination to push Britain forward," but "there are precious things – in our way of life, in our environment, in our communities – that it is our responsibility to protect and preserve and to pass on to future generations. If that soundsConservative, then let me tell you: I don't care."[79] Corbyn supported the foundation of the socialistYour Party in 2025 withZarah Sultana in a further schism for U.K. left-leaning progressive politics. Facing challenges fromBrexit andincreased right-wing presence, contemporary progressivism in the United Kingdom can be characterized by increasing cultural liberalism[80] and factionalism surrounding the role of capitalism in society.
Kirchnerism inArgentina refers to the political strategies ofNéstor Kirchner andCristina Fernández de Kirchner, who were successivePresidents of Argentina. In favor of his wife, Néstor Kirchner chose not to run for reelection in 2007 after taking office on May 25, 2003. AfterIsabel Perón, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was the first woman to be elected directly to the presidency of Argentina. Cristina Kirchner has led theJusticialist Party since 2024.[81][82] Kirchnerist policies are labeledPeronist, progressive, and left-wing.[83] Social services were sponsored by Kirchnerist administrations, which were perceived as blatantly anti-neoliberal. Some political scientists propose the term "Pink Tide neopopulism" to characterize movements that are regarded as a response and a counter to neoliberalism. This is in contrast to the neoliberal populism that was prevalent in the 1990s. Kirchnerism is seen as a response and a counter to neoliberalism.[84] Healthcare and income transfers were greatly increased, most notably by giving 15 million people—roughly 41% of the country's total population—free prescription drugs.[85] Kirchnerists also adopted the traditional Peronist strategy of endorsing wage hikes and participating in labor battles. Argentina's period without widespread strikes during the Kirchnerist governments was only surpassed by the 1946–1955 era of Perón’s government.[86]
Lulism inBrazil demonstrates the broadcoalitional andreformist nature of contemporary progressivism.Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's2022 presidential comeback campaign was a progressive resurgence narrative focused on the working class andanti-corruption, running against incumbentright-wing populist PresidentJair Bolsonaro.[87][88][89] Lula was 17% ahead of Bolsonaro in a poll in January 2022 in what was seen as an early sign of shifting progressive sentiment in the voting population againstfar-right politics of the Bolsonaro government.[90] In the first round of the presidential election, Lula was in first place with 48% of the electorate, qualifying for the second round with Bolsonaro, who received 43% of the votes. Lula was elected in the second round on 30 October with 50.89% of the vote, the smallest margin in the history of Brazil's presidential elections.[91][92] Lulism features an overlaps in political parties, including the Workers' Party founded by Lula.[93] While seeing ademocratic socialist society as the ultimate goal, Lula has called for areformist "social liberal" approach to begin resolvingpoverty gap while acknowledging the reality of existing market structures.[94][95][96]
Described as asocial democratic progressive andleft-wing populist,[97]Andrés Manuel López Obrador, or AMLO, was a national politician for over three decades, and ultimately electedPresident of Mexicofollowing a 2018 landslide victory.[98] López Obrador has been characterized as the "ideological twin" of Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn, and Corbyn invited López Obrador to theParliament of the United Kingdom.[99][100][101][102] After winning the 2019 election in Argentina, López Obrador formed a "progressive alliance"[103] with PresidentAlberto Fernández, as reported byEl País, marking one of López Obrador's first official trips abroad to Mexico.[103] Duringhis presidency, López Obrador commenced a number of progressive social reforms and encouraged public investment in industries that had been liberalized by earlier administrations. His supporters commended him for reorienting the nation's neoliberal consensus toward bettering the working class's situation and for fostering institutional rejuvenation following decades of extreme inequality and corruption.[104] While credited and praised by supporters for progressive reforms, López Obrador has also received criticism forilliberality and contributing todemocratic backsliding.[105][106]
One of López Obrador's first measures was to raise the minimum wage from MXN $88.36 to MXN $102.68, representing a 16.2% increase—the biggest since 1996. This revision had an immediate impact on average worker salaries, which increased by 5.7%.[107] López Obrador executed his promised "Republican Austerity" upon taking office as well, which aimed to cut spending on political privileges and non-essential government products and services.[108] He canceled presidential pensions and imposed a pay cap for government personnel, ensuring that no one could earn more than the president.[109] López Obrador reduced his own compensation by 60% and chose not to live inLos Pinos, the expensive presidential complex with upkeep costs totaling around MXN $30 billion over the last two administrations.[110][111] López Obrador auctioned away several government planes and helicopters[112] including the presidential plane "José María Morelos y Pavón",[113] for roughly MXN $1.658 billion.[114] The auction revenues supported hospitals in Tlapa, Guerrero, andTuxtepec, Oaxaca.[115]
The AMLO presidency also aimed to streamline the bureaucratic structure of the Mexican goverment, which López Obrador characterized as benefiting elites and mismanaging public finances.[116] The AMLO budgets often included spending cuts to various government agencies, including prosecutors and the public health system, leading to layoffs, salary reductions, and poorer services.[117][118] To centralize operations and address the reduced workforce, López Obrador often utilized the military for infrastructure projects.[116][119] López Obrador called for the removal of independent government bodies in February 2024, saying that they duplicated the work of some cabinet ministries, suggesting that their duties be taken over by the Mexican cabinet to save funds and promote government efficiency.[120][121] The proposal faced widespread condemnation, including from opposition members who criticized it as retribution against autonomous agencies.[122] In the same month, López Obrador successfully proposed a constitutional amendment requiring the minimum wage to consistently rise above the rate of inflation.[123]
While not a member of theProgressive Alliance like the further-leftNew Democratic Party,[124]Canada'sLiberal Party experienced progressive inclination in the 21st century from the premiership ofJustin Trudeau, who was a self-describedprogressive liberal.[125] The Trudeau government's economic vision was initially based on greater tax collections to compensate for increased government spending. While the government has not balanced the budget, it has cut Canada'sdebt-to-GDP ratio annually until 2020, when theCOVID-19 pandemic struck.[126][127] Trudeau self-described his cultural policy as staunchlyfeminist and progressive, and his government advocated for the advancement of abortion rights,[128] introduced the bill that made Canadianconversion therapies illegal,[129] established the right tomedically-assisted death,[130] andlegalized cannabis for recreational use.[131] Trudeau made the announcement in 2021 that a national strategy for child care would be developed with the objective of lowering the cost of day care at a rate of ten dollars per day for each child during a period of five years.[132] The Trudeau administration supportedgreen politics through new pledges to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030 and to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050[133] via a federalcarbon pricing policy.[134] Additionally, legislation for marine protection was passed by Trudeau's parliament[135] as well as banning six commonsingle-use plastic products[136] and improving evaluations of environmental impact.[137] Despite a generally green stance, Trudeau supported oil and gas pipelines to bring Canadian fossil fuel resources to foreign markets, which was met with opposition from environmental activists.[138]
In March 2022, the NDP agreed on aconfidence and supply arrangement with the Liberal Party, including policies such as establishing a nationaldental care program for low-income Canadians, progress toward a nationalpharmacare program, labor reforms for federally regulated workers, and additional taxes on financial institutions.[139] The NDP and the Liberal Party terminated their confidence and supply agreement in September 2024. The agreement had been in place since March 2022, however it was terminated nine months ahead of schedule.[140] On January 6, 2025, during apolitical crisis, Trudeau announced he would resign as Liberal leader and Prime Minister by 24 March 2025 upon theelection of a new party leader, attributing his decision to intrapartydissent.[141] The Liberal Party moved further from its more progressive stances toward thecenter under new leadership fromMark Carney,[142][143][144] who became the first prime minister in Canadian history never to have held elected office. Carney would lead the Liberals to a minority government in late 2025 after advising theGovernor General todissolve Parliament and trigger afederal election.
The termcultural liberalism is used in a substantially similar context and can be said to be a synonym forcultural progressivism, deriving from the concept ofmoral progress and viewing liberalism as central to the development of culture.[167][168] Cultural progressives may be economicallycentrist,conservative, orprogressive. For example,American libertarians, who are a prominent strain ofneoclassical liberalism, are often characterized by their fiscal conservatism and cultural progressivism. TheCzech Pirate Party is classified as a culturally progressive party,[169] and it calls itself "economically centrist andsocially liberal."[170] EconomistEmily Chamlee-Wright has written that cultural liberalism is one of the "Four Corners of Liberalism" (the other three beingeconomic,epistemic, andpolitical), describing cultural liberalism as "encourag[ing] us to experiment with different ways of living. It allows us to learn that peaceful coexistence in a pluralistic society is possible. And it helps to ensure that minority communities are considered full-fledged participants in the social order." Chamlee-Wright noted a special interchange betweenpolitical liberality and cultural progressivism, pointing toJonathan Rauch's contention that "the legalization ofgay marriage would not have happened without free speech, which drove cultural progress. But that cultural progress arguably accelerated change that favored a politically liberal outcome."[171]Civil libertarianism is considered a moreradical variant of cultural liberalism or cultural progressivism.[172]
An early mention oftechno-progressivism appeared in 1999 as the removal of "all political, cultural, biological, and psychological limits to self-actualization and self-realization".[175] According to techno-progressivism, scientific and technical aspects of progress are linked to ethical and social developments in society. Therefore, according to the majority of techno-progressive viewpoints, advancements in science and technology will not be considered proper progress until and unless they are accompanied by a fair distribution of the costs, risks, and rewards of these new capabilities. Many techno-progressive critics and supporters believe that while improved democracy, increased justice, decreased violence, and a broader culture of rights are all desirable, they are insufficient on their own to address the problems of modern technological societies unless and until they are accompanied by scientific and technological advancements that uphold and apply these ideals.[176][177][self-published source?]
Progressive parties or parties with progressive factions
^ab"New political party says its roots are in Catholic Social Teaching". 26 November 2018. Retrieved17 November 2021.I was working on my doctoral dissertation largely concerning difficulties and opportunities for socially conservative, economically progressive movements, and desired to get involved in such movements ... and was glad to see that ASP was interested in applying such ways of thinking to contemporary issues.
^Nugent, Walter (2010).Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 2.ISBN9780195311068.
^Alan Ryan.The Making of Modern Liberalism. p. 25.
^Patrick Dunleavy, Paul Joseph Kelly, Michael Moran.British Political Science: Fifty Years of Political Studies. Oxford, England; Malden, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. pp. 107–108.[ISBN missing]
^Robert Blake.Disraeli. Second Edition. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode (Publishers) Ltd, 1967. p. 524.[ISBN missing]
^G.A. Kleene (1915) [November, 1901]. Edwin Clyde Robbins (ed.).Socialism - The Handbook Series.New York, NY: H.W. Wilson Company. p. 107. Retrieved25 December 2025.Within the past few years, however, Marxism, as a theory and a political method, has entered upon a crisis that perhaps indicates its dissolution, while in the movement represented by Bernstein, the editor and biographer of Lassalle, but long known as a Marxist, there has come to the front a Socialism that bears closer resemblance to that of Lassalle than to that of Marx. Lassalle is not invoked as its leader; the cry 'Back to Lassalle' has not been raised, but there is, nevertheless, a turning from Marxian materialism to idealism, from marxian dislike of patriotism and the national spirit to an acknowledgment of the importance of national interests, from Marxian hatred of the present state to a recognition of what governments, as organized today, have done and can do for the laboring class.
^Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (April 2006). "Woodrow Wilson, Alliances, and the League of Nations".The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.5 (2):139–165.doi:10.1017/S153778140000298X.S2CID162853992.
^Nugent, Walter (2010).Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 2.ISBN9780195311068.
^Waluchow, Wil (17 August 2018). "Constitutionalism". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^Watson, Bradley (2020).Progressivism : the strange history of a radical idea. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 11.ISBN9780268106973.
^Lurie, Jonathan (2012).William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 196.
^Nugent, Walter (2010).Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 33.ISBN9780195311068.
^ Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson: Progressivism, Internationalism, War, and Peace. p. 309.[ISBN missing]
^Tugwell, R. G. (September 1950). "The New Deal: The Progressive Tradition".The Western Political Quarterly.3 (3):390–427.doi:10.2307/443352.JSTOR443352.
^ After the Third Way: The Future of Social Democracy in Europe. I.B. Taurus, 2012. p. 47.[ISBN missing]
^Campbell, John (2010).Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. p. 255.: Vintage.ISBN978-1-845-95091-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Hugh Bochel.The Conservative Party and Social Policy. The Policy Press, 2011. p. 108.[ISBN missing]
^Nathan Gilbert Quimpo (2020)."The Post-war Rise and Decline of the Left". In Toby Carroll; Shahar Hameiri; Lee Jones (eds.).The Political Economy of Southeast Asia: Politics and Uneven Development Under Hyperglobalisation. Springer Nature. p. 150.ISBN978-3-03-028255-4.
^Christian Salm (2016).Transnational Socialist Networks in the 1970s: European Community Development Aid and Southern Enlargement. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. xiv.ISBN978-1-137-55120-7.
^Murphy, Colm (7 May 2022)."Kinship to Daggers Drawn: Tony Blair and Gordon Brown".Institut Montaigne. Retrieved12 January 2026.As the New Labour era progressed, it became clear that Blair and Brown had different understandings of what they thought "modernization" should mean. Blair latched onto controversial public service reforms that, he believed, would 'break up the monoliths' and empower the individual. He attempted to introduce market mechanisms, internal competition, and autonomy from Westminster into public services, exemplified in the creation of 'foundation hospitals' and the introduction of university tuition fees. Brown, meanwhile, was warier of marketizing reforms and less likely than Blair to assume that private was better than public.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^Frances, Ryan (27 June 2016)."Whether Jeremy Corbyn goes or not, Britain's progressives need to stick together".The Guardian.'I'd leave if Corbyn's ousted,' is currently a common statement on social media. 'If Corbyn goes, it's all gone,' a friend told me (perhaps as a symbol of Labour's problem, I've also had friends tell me that they'll leave the party if Corbyn stays). Even before the events of the past 24 hours – indeed, straight after the referendum result – there were Labour members announcing similar intentions. As one signatory on the petition of confidence in Corbyn put it: 'Force him out and I will personally organise a burning of membership cards outside [Labour] HQ.'{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^Nehring, Daniel; López, Magdalena; Michel, Gerardo Gómez (2019).A Post-Neoliberal Era in Latin America? Revisiting Cultural Paradigms. Bristol University Press. p. 7.ISBN978-1-5292-0131-4.
^Anthony Boadle (18 January 2022)."Brazil poll shows Lula gaining over Bolsonaro, third candidate 'embryonic'".Nasdaq. Reuters.Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved19 January 2022.Brazil's former leftist President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva increased his lead to 17 percentage points over far-right President Jair Bolsonaro in a new survey of voter preferences ahead of an October election.
^Richard Sandbrook, ed. (2014).Reinventing the Left in the Global South: The Politics of the Possible. Cambridge University Press. p. 155.... President Luiz Inácio (Lula) de Silva during his first term (2003–6) followed social-liberal policies ...
^Henning Meyer, Jonathan Rutherford.The Future of European Social Democracy: Building the Good Society. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. p. 108.[ISBN missing]
^Topaz, Jonathan; Schreckinger, Ben (6 July 2015)."The socialist surge".Politico. Retrieved18 August 2015. 'I believe that, in the long run, major industries in this state and nation should be publicly owned and controlled by the workers themselves,' he wrote in 1976.
^Nancy L. Cohen, ed. (2012).Delirium: The Politics of Sex in America. Catapult.ISBN9781619020962.When the going got tough, the economic progressives got going back to the Reagan days when the cultural progressives were to blame. Clinton's presidential campaign had "signaled cultural moderation and articulated the pocketbook frustrations of ordinary people," Robert Kuttner, editor ofThe American Prospect ventured. "But in office, he seemed a cultural liberal who failed to produce on economics."
^Eric Alterman (7 April 2012)."Cultural Liberalism Is Not Enough".New York Times.The United States has undoubtedly become a fairer, more open and less oppressive society thanks largely to the political and cultural struggles waged by liberals during the past half century. The progress in securing basic human and civil rights for women, African-Americans, gay men and lesbians, immigrants and their children, Americans with disabilities and so many others is a testament to liberal courage in the face of adversity and oppression.
^Alvin Finkel (2012).Our Lives: Canada after 1945: Second Edition. James Lorimer & Company. p. 5.... capitalism and a wise federal bureaucracy presided over by a progressive Liberal party with intelligent leaders.
^Robert Harris (2018).Song of a Nation: The Untold Story of Canada's National Anthem. McClelland & Stewart.
^Matthew Allen, Rumi Sakamoto, ed. (2007).Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan. Routledge.... capturing 295 seats in the Diet. Progressive parties like the Japanese Communist Party and Social Democratic Party, ...
^""선제공격 능력 갖추자" 日정부 주장에…"시대착오적" 비판".Edaily. 13 November 2021. Retrieved3 December 2021....개헌에 반대해 온 진보 성향의 일본공산당은 "적 기지에 대한 공격력을 갖추더라도 상대국의 지하나 이동발사대 등 미사일 위치를 모두 파악하고 파괴하는 것은 불가능하다"며 ... [... The progressive position Japanese Communist Party, which has opposed the constitutional amendment, said, "Even if it has offensive power against enemy bases, it is impossible to identify and destroy all missile locations such as underground or mobile launchers of the other country" ...]
^"Minjung Party press conference".Yonhap News Agency. 11 October 2018. Retrieved16 June 2020.Members of the progressive Minjung Party hold a press conference in front of former President Chun Doo-hwan's home in Seoul on May 18, 2020.
^Sebastián Royo, ed. (2020).Why Banks Fail: The Political Roots of Banking Crises in Spain. Springer Nature. p. 298.ISBN9781137532282.As of January 2020 (the time of writing), a new leftist government coalition between the Socialist Party and the leftist populist Unidas Podemos that emerged from the November 2019 election is coming to power with a progressive agenda ...
^Kuo, Yu-Ying, ed. (2018).Policy Analysis in Taiwan. Policy Press.The Democratic Progressive Party, founded in 1986, is a progressive and liberal political party in Taiwan.
^Daniel K. Lewis, ed. (2014).The History of Argentina, 2nd Edition.ABC-CLIO. p. 193.ISBN9781610698610.Progressive decrees, exemplified by the government's legalization of same-sex marriage in July, depicted the FPV as progressive. Behind the scenes, Kirchner promoted 'La Campora," and Peronist youth organization.
Dudley, Larkin Sims. "Enduring narratives from progressivism."International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 7.3 (2003): 315–340.
Eisenach, Eldon J., ed.Social and Political Thought of American Progressivism. (Hackett Publishing, 2006).
Frohman, Larry. "The Break-Up of the Poor Laws—German Style: Progressivism and the Origins of the Welfare State, 1900–1918."Comparative Studies in Society and History 50.4 (2008): 981–1009.
Jackson, Ben. "Equality and the British Left: A study in progressive political thought, 1900-64." inEquality and the British Left (2013)
Kloppenberg, James T.Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870–1920. Oxford University Press, US, 1988.ISBN0195053044.
Lakoff, George.Don't Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2004.ISBN1931498717.
McGerr, Michael.A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920. 2003.
Nugent, Walter.Progressivism: A very short introduction (Oxford University Press, 2009).
Petrow, Stefan. "Progressivism in Australia: the case of John Daniel Fitzgerald, 1900-1922."Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 90.1 (2004): 53–74.
Sawyer, Stephen, and William J. Novak. "Emancipation and the creation of modern liberal states in America and France."Journal of the civil war era 3.4 (2013): 467–500.online[permanent dead link]
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
