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Emeritus (/əˈmɛrɪtəs/; female version:emerita)[Note 1] is anhonorary title granted to someone whoretires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus".[1]
In some cases, the term is conferred automatically upon all persons who retire at a given rank, but in others, it remains a mark of distinguished service awarded selectively on retirement. It is also used when a person of distinction in a profession retires or hands over the position, enabling their former rank to be retained in their title. The termemeritus does not necessarily signify that a person has relinquished all the duties of their former position, and they may continue to exercise some of them.
In descriptions of deceased professors emeriti listed at U.S. universities, the titleemeritus is replaced by an indication of the years of their appointments,[2] except inobituaries, where it may be used to indicate their status at the time of death.[2]
Emeritus (past participle of Latinemerere, meaning 'complete one's service') is a compound of theLatin prefixe- (variant ofex-) meaning 'out of, from' andmerere (source of 'merit') meaning 'to serve, earn'. The word is attested since the early 17th century with the meaning 'having served out one's time, having done sufficient service'. The Latin feminine equivalent,emerita (/ɪˈmɛrɪtə/), is also sometimes used, although in English the wordemeritus is often unmarked for gender.[3]
Atenured fullprofessor who retires from an educational institution in good standing may be given the title "professor emeritus".[4] The title "professor emerita" is sometimes used for women. In most systems and institutions, the rank is bestowed on all professors who have retired in good standing, while at others, it needs a special act or vote.[5] Professors emeriti may, depending on local circumstances, retain office space or other privileges. The adjective may be placed before or after the title (e.g., "professor emeritus" or "emeritus professor").[citation needed]
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When adiocesan bishop orauxiliary bishop retires, the wordemeritus is added to their former title, i.e., "Archbishop Emeritus of ...". The term "Bishop Emeritus" of a particular see can apply to several people, if the first lives long enough. The title was applied to the Bishop of Rome,Pope EmeritusBenedict XVI, on his retirement. InCommunity of Christ, the status of emeritus is occasionally granted to senior officials upon retirement.
InJudaism,emeritus is often a title granted to long-servingrabbis ofsynagogues or other Jewish institutions. In some cases, the title is also granted tochazzans. RabbiEmeritus or CantorEmeritus is largely an honorific title.
Since 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore emeritus has been given to a senator of the minority party who has previously served aspresident pro tempore of the United States Senate.[6][7]
It is also used in business and nonprofit organizations to denote perpetual status of the founder of an organization or individuals who made significant contributions to the institution.Phil Knight, for example, is the co-founder ofNike, and after decades of being theCEO, he is now the chairman emeritus of the company.[8]
Following her decision to retire from Democratic leadership, theHouse Steering and Policy Committee voted to grantNancy Pelosi the title ofSpeaker Emerita in recognition of her service asSpeaker of the House, while newly elected SpeakerMike Johnson referred to his ousted predecessorKevin McCarthy asSpeaker Emeritus.[9]
Cabinet of Singapore also adopted the use of emeritus and so far it has been conferred toSenior Minister of SingaporeGoh Chok Tong in 2011, when he and then-Minister MentorLee Kuan Yew both stepped down from the upcoming cabinet as part of the party's renewal process.[10][11] Goh retired from politics in2020, though his title as an emeritus was kept intact.[12]
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