InGreek mythology,Proetus (/ˈpriːtəs/Ancient Greek:Προῖτος,romanized: Proîtos), the son ofAbas, was a king ofArgos andTiryns.
Proetus's father wasAbas, son of the last survivingAegyptiadLynceus and theDanaidHypermnestra, had ruled overArgos and marriedAglaea[1] orOcalea, who bore him twin sons, Proetus andAcrisius. Proetus had also an illegitimate brother named Lyrcus, son of his father by an unknown woman.[2] According to Apollodorus, some said Proetus was father ofPerseus.[3]
By his wife,Antea[4] orStheneboea,[5] Proetus became the father of three daughters (the so-calledProetides) and a sonMegapenthes. The daughters' names areLysippe,Iphinoe, andIphianassa in theBibliotheca and were often mentioned under the general name of Proetides;Servius calls the last twoHipponoe andCyrianassa,[6] whereasAelian only mentions two,Elege andCelaene.[7]
| Relation | Name | Sources | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homer | Hesiod | Bacchylides | Ovid | Apollodorus | Hyginus | Pausanias | Aelian | Servius | Fulgentius | Gk. Anthology | ||
| Parentage | Abas | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Abas and Aglaia | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Sibling | Acrisius | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Wife | Antia or | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Stheneboea | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Children | Lysippe | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
| Iphinoe | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Iphianassa | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
| Megapenthes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Elege | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Celane | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Hipponoe | ✓ | |||||||||||
| Cyrianassa | ✓ | |||||||||||
Proetus and Acrisius quarreled continually ever since they still were in the womb that they even carried on with the rivalry into their adult years, inventing shields orbucklers in the process.[8] In one tradition, the conflict was reiterated when Proetus seduced Acrisius's daughter (and his own niece)Danae.[9] Proetus started out as king of Argos, and held the throne for about seventeen years, but Acrisius defeated him in the war and exiled him. Proetus then fled to KingJobates (Iobates) or Amphianax inLycia, and married his daughter Antea[4] orStheneboea. Jobates, thereupon, attempted to restore Proetus to his kingdom by armed force. After the war had gone on for a while the kingdom was divided in two.[10] Acrisius then shared his kingdom with his brother, surrendering to him Tiryns and the eastern half of Argolis, i.e. the Heraeum, Midea and the coast of Argolis.[11] Tiryns was said to be fortified by the Cyclopes.[12]
WhenBellerophon came to Proetus to be purified of a murder which he had committed, the wife of Proetus fell in love with him, and invited him to come to her: but, as Bellerophon refused to comply with her desire, she charged him before Proetus with having made improper proposals to her. Proetus then sent Bellerophon to Iobates in Lycia, with a letter in which Iobates was desired to murder Bellerophon. Iobates challenged Bellerophon to several seemingly impossible tasks which Bellerophon did complete.[13]
When Proetus's daughters arrived at the age of maturity, they were stricken with madness, the cause of which is differently stated by different authors; some say that it was a punishment inflicted upon them byDionysus, because they had despised his worship.[14] Others have assumed the troubles arose byHera, because they presumed to be more beautiful than the goddess, or perhaps because they had stolen some of the gold off her statue. In this state of madness they wandered through Peloponnesus.[6]Melampus promised to cure them, if Proetus would give him one third of his kingdom. As Proetus refused to accept these terms, the madness of his daughters not only increased, but was communicated to the other Argive women also, so that they murdered their own children and ran about in a state of frenzy. Proetus then declared himself willing to listen to the proposal of Melampus; but the latter now also demanded for his brother Bias an equal share of the kingdom of Argos. Proetus consented[15] and Melampus, having chosen the most robust among the young men, gave chase to the mad women, amid shouting and dancing, and drove them as far as Sicyon. During this pursuit, Iphinoe, one of the daughters of Proetus, died, but the two others were cured by Melampus by means of purifications, and were then married to Melampus and Bias.[16] There was a tradition that Proetus had founded a sanctuary of Hera, betweenSicyon and Titane, and one ofApollo at Sicyon.[17] The place where the cure was effected upon his daughters is not the same in all traditions, some mentioning the well Anigros,[18] others the well Cleitor inArcadia,[19] orLusi in Arcadia.[20] Some even state that the Proetides were cured byAsclepius[21] or that they were cured in theCave of the Lakes.[22] This story is sometimes attributed toAnaxagoras.[23]
In one account, Proetus had yet another daughter,Nyctaea, who fled from her own father's attempts of violation and was changed byAthena into an owl;[24] her story is a variant for that ofNyctimene.
According to Ovid, Proetus ended up changed into stone byPerseus, the grandson of Acrisius (who had eventually got expelled by Proetus), upon being made by him to see the head ofMedusa.[25] Later Proetus's son, Megapenthes, exchanged kingdoms with Perseus.[26]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870).Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.{{cite encyclopedia}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
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