The 2017 filmJustice League had a troubled production history, undergoing major changes before and during production, including a change in directors. This resulted in the theatrical release being markedly different from its conception inpre-production andprincipal photography.[1][2]
When details surfaced about its troubled production, some expressed interest in the idea of releasing analternate cut of the film that would be more faithful to Snyder's vision. This was later petitioned by audiences, some of the film's cast and crew, and other industry figures. Although Warner Bros. initially rejected the idea,[7]Zack Snyder's Justice League was released in 2021, onHBO Max.[8][9]
Following the release ofMan of Steel (2013), Snyder outlined the basis of theDC Extended Universe (DCEU), which centered around a five-film arc includingMan of Steel,Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and aJustice League trilogy. As interpreted by Stephen M. Colbert ofScreen Rant, the structure of the franchise would have been the "inverse" of theMarvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Instead of solo films culminating in cross-overAvengers films, DC would primarily feature cross-over films with occasional solo films set at different points in time.[10]
The originalJustice League that Chris [Terrio] and I wrote... a lot of it we shot [but] the actual [core] idea we never filmed because the studio was like, 'That's crazy.' And we were so insecure after [Batman v Superman] [that] we were just like, 'I guess it is crazy. There's gonna be mass hysteria if we film this.'
Snyder opted to haveBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice as the darkest in tone, and the following films be more hopeful in tone (Snyder described his originalJustice League script written withChris Terrio as "dark" and "scary"). Concept art revealed scenes involvingApokolips and theNew Gods, and were noted as being heavily influenced by science fiction and the work ofH. R. Giger.[12][13] In cinematographerFabian Wagner's first meeting with Snyder, Snyder informed him he wanted to depart from the "stylized, desaturated, super-high contrast looks of other [DCEU] films", hinting at a darker tone.[14]
As revealed in 2024,Will Beall was hired to write a very early draft for the script ofJustice League; some of its elements would be incorporated intoZack Snyder's Justice League. Beall's draft had the majority of the second act acting like a "little sort of coda" of the post-apocalyptic "Knightmare" future timeline that appeared inBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice as aflashforward with the heroes and villains forced to team up, having lots of inspiration toBack to the Future Part II (1989).[15]
In 2019, Snyder revealed part ofJustice League would have seenDarkseid teleport into theBatcave and killLois Lane. This would eventually makeSuperman subject to theAnti-Life Equation and under Darkseid's control to take over Earth. In response, Batman andCyborg would sendFlash back in time to save Lois and Superman.[11][12][16][17] This idea was never filmed,[18] however, it was partly referenced inZack Snyder's Justice League, as a vision from Cyborg.
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice received generally negative reviews from critics,[19] and mixed reviews from audiences.[20] Criticism centered around its dark tone, lack of humor, and slow pace. This caused Warner Bros. and Snyder to reevaluate upcoming DCEU films, particularlySuicide Squad andJustice League. As such, Snyder and Terrio's original plan to make DCEU films become progressively lighter and more positive in tone was abandoned, and the "dark and weird"Justice League was rewritten to be more light hearted.[12][21] Snyder cited this version to be a mixture between his original idea and the light hearted tone requested by Warner Bros.[22]
In May 2016, Warner Bros. hiredJon Berg andGeoff Johns to oversee the DCEU, includingJustice League rewrites.[3] Batman actorBen Affleck was hired to rewrite and serve as an executive producer onJustice League and help ensure continuity between the film andThe Batman, which he was expected to star in and direct at the time.[23]Alfred Pennyworth actorJeremy Irons said Snyder's script was simpler, smaller and more linear thanBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[24] The rewrites resulted in delays to filming, which began in May 2016.[25]
Principal photography was shot entirely on35 mm film[26] and wrapped in December 2016.[27] Months later, cuts of the film were shown to Warner Bros. executives and Snyder's friends and family.[28][27] A final run-time andpicture lock were achieved, though the cuts had incompleteVFX shots and partial audio mixing.[29][30][31] ComposerTom Holkenborg completed the film's score.[32] Snyder said that the film contained multiple cuts which needed only "a few CG tweaks" and the final version would be approved by Warner Bros.[33][34] Screenwriter Mark Hughes reported that the final cut was mostly done,[35] whileThe Telegraph cited a VFX expert as estimating that the studio would need another $30–40 million to finish the film.[31] This mostly finished version ofJustice League is what is often referred to as the "Snyder Cut". Citing unnamed sources ofJustice League's crew "at various levels", Kevin Smith described the state of the cut as:
"When people hear 'Snyder Cut', they think anextended cut that's finished. The 'Snyder Cut' that I've heard of was never finished. It was a [film] that people in production could watch and fill in the blanks. It was certainly not meant for mass consumption".[36][37]
This version of the "Snyder Cut" was 214 minutes (over three-and-a-half hours)[38][2] while the assembly cut was nearly five hours long.[39] The basic story from Snyder'sJustice League was largely maintained for the theatrical release but dozens of additional scenes related to backstories,mythos,worldbuilding elements, new characters, and teases for upcoming films were removed. This included the introductions of Darkseid,[40]DeSaad,[41][42]Nuidis Vulko,[43]Ryan Choi,[44]Elinore Stone,[45]Iris West,[46] andMartian Manhunter.[47][48] Sequences related to the on-screen prominence ofLex Luthor,[1]Silas Stone,[49]Mera,[50] Lois Lane,[51] andAres were reduced,[52] as was the time-travel plot in Snyder and Terrio's original draft.[53] The theatrical cut instead opted to emphasize the involvement of Flash,Aquaman, and Cyborg.[1] The depiction of Aquaman in the film and inAquaman (2018) was said to be consistent with Snyder's intended vision.[54]
According to insider reports, Warner Bros. executives noted the effort to lighten the Snyder cut's tone but labelled it "unwatchable", citing a lack of humor.[3][55] Neil Daly, who oversaw the film's test screenings, said test audiences ranked Batman and Superman the lowest of the main cast.[56] In 2021,David Brenner, one of the film's editors, claimed Warner never screened Snyder's cut to test audiences and instead viewed a 2 and a half hour cut, after which, they began initiating further rewrites.[57] The first two trailers forJustice League used footage from the "Snyder Cut",[58][59] and were subject to mixed reception.[60][61][62][63]
Immediately after the theatrical release ofJustice League, fans created an online petition to release the "Snyder Cut" that gained more than 180,000 signatures.[64][65][7] The movement, which uses thehashtag #ReleaseTheSnyderCut on social media,[2][66] began before fans had any knowledge that a cut of Snyder'sJustice League film actually existed in any capacity.[31][64][67] The movement was ignited by the divisive reaction toward the theatrical cut, knowing that Snyder left directorial duties and the final cut of the film in the hands of Joss Whedon and the assumption that Whedon created an inferior film. The circumstances have been compared to a similar situation with the filmSuperman II (1980). BothJustice League andSuperman II feature a director that was replaced, for different reasons, before completion of a film, which led to a second director coming in and making substantial changes to the tone of each film. Although the reasoning behind each director's departure differs,Richard Donner was able to complete hisSuperman II cut in 2006.[2][66][68] Some assumed that an alternate cut ofJustice League was inevitable because historically several of Snyder's films have been re-released as extended cuts for home media (Watchmen (2009),Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice) which are seen by some critics as superior to the original version.[69][70] In July 2018,The Wall Street Journal reported that Warner Bros. had no plans of releasing an alternate cut ofJustice League.[7] In November 2019, bothThe Hollywood Reporter andVariety independently reported Warner had no plans to release the "Snyder Cut", with the latter quoting an inside source as saying, "That's a pipe dream. There's no way it's ever happening".[71][72]
Justice League came out as scheduled in November 2017, credited to Zack Snyder despite not looking or feeling or behaving like a Zack Snyder film at all. The course he'd set had manifestly been abandoned; the DCEU had taken the opportunity afforded by his absence to dramatically rebrand. The curt two-hour runtime. The brightness. The relative bubbliness. The distinctly Whedonesque quippiness. "Itchy," quips Superman, when asked by Amy Adams's Lois Lane how it felt to come back from the dead; the Flash, meanwhile, awkwardly rambles on about brunch and pratfalls face-first onto Wonder Woman's chest.
After disapproving of the direction of the "Snyder Cut", Warner Bros. and Geoff Johns hired filmmaker Joss Whedon to re-write the script and help with extensivere-shoots.[7] (However, he may have been hired earlier than reported, to join a larger writer's room.)[73] Whedon had gone to Warner Bros. with apitch for a Batgirl film. Johns accepted his pitch and was working with him on developing that film. Johns then saw this as an opportunity to help with additional rewrites and reshoots forJustice League.[74] Dismissing reports that he requested Whedon's help, Snyder did hope that Whedon could give him some help by writing some "cool scenes", but only had one conversation about the studio's notes with Whedon.[75] Soon, the studio gave Whedon more power as he was also given power to help direct reshoots.[76] Finding anguish rather than relief on their work,[75] when Snyder and his wife left the project after their daughter's death, Whedon took over as director and directed reshoots for approximately 55 days.[76] Then-Warner Bros. CEOKevin Tsujihara mandated thatJustice League's length was not to exceed two hours, something the studio had been pushing for throughout principal photography, but Snyder himself never took seriously, saying it was near impossible to tell his story in two hours.[3][74] The film company also reportedly decided not to push back the release date (which would have allowed the filmmakers more time to properly completeJustice League), partly so that executives could keep their annual bonuses, and partly because they were concerned that AT&T might dissolve the studio after an upcoming merger, which might result in the incomplete film getting scrapped altogether.[77]
Snyder may also have turned down an offer to delay the release date.[31] He was expected to film the scenes that Whedon re-wrote, and they were working together to fix the film in accordance with the studio's requests when Snyder's daughter, Autumn Snyder, died by suicide in March 2017.[7][78] He continued to work onJustice League for two months after the tragedy to distract himself, before finally stepping down in May 2017.[28][78] His wifeDeborah Snyder who was producingJustice League also stepped away from the project.[28] Some reports, however, say that Snyder may have been quietly fired from the project in January or February 2017, a month or two before his daughter's suicide and several more before his official departure from the project.[55][79] Once Snyder left, Whedon assumed full control over the completion of the theatrical cut ofJustice League.[78] Warner Bros. COOToby Emmerich said at the time:
"The directing is minimal and it has to adhere to the style and tone and the template that Zack set. We're not introducing any new characters. It's the same characters in some new scenes. He's handing the baton to Joss, but the course has really been set by Zack. I still believe that despite this tragedy, we'll still end up with a great movie".[28]
In accordance with Warner Bros.' run-time limitations, theJustice League theatrical cut is exactly 120 minutes (two hours) long including credits. Whedon added nearly 80 new pages to the script.[80] Wagner, who did not work on Whedon's reshoots, roughly estimates that the theatrical cut uses only about 10% of the principal photography he shot.[81] Holkenborg had completed his score before being replaced byDanny Elfman (Spider-Man,Batman) mid-way through post-production, although he had only composed for about two hours worth of film as Warner Bros. wanted the film to be around that runtime.[30][32] Recalling the situation, Holkenborg stated that he had one meeting with Whedon and decided not continue on the project due to Whedon's negative attitude towards Snyder and the film; before he could step down, he was informed that Whedon had chosen to go with Elfman anyway.[82]
All of the re-shot scenes were filmed digitally, using anArri Alexa XT.[26] Wagner was briefly contacted to return, but was busy shooting another project that was being shot in the same area and briefly visited the set, finding the atmosphere very different from the original production, corroborating statements made byRay Fisher,Jason Momoa andGal Gadot about the experience on set of the reshoots.[83] Wagner also said the reshoots lasted about 55 days or 7 weeks, and said the studio brightened up the color palette of the film when Snyder was working in post and went further in this with Whedon.[84] The scenes that Whedon wrote or re-shot for the theatrical release added a brighter tone and humor, and reduced the level of violence seen in Snyder's darker direction.[7] Fisher has also said nearly every Snyder shot scene had a Whedon addition spliced in except the scene on theGCPD roof top with the League andCommissioner Gordon.[83] To meet the mandated run-time, more than 90 minutes of footage from the "Snyder Cut" was removed, but the result still adhered to the basic outline of the story established by Snyder. While the "Snyder Cut" was poorly received by test audiences, the early screening of Whedon's cut scored as high asWonder Woman (2017) did with test audiences, so Warner decided to move forward with it.[3] However, the film's editor David Brenner has since contested this.[57]
Upon release, the theatrical cut ofJustice League was met with mixed to negative reviews. Several critics described it as a "Frankenstein"[85][77][86][87] film, in that similar toFrankenstein's monster that is composed of different humans' body parts,Justice League was very obviously the work of two different directors with competing visions for the finished product. Warner Bros. decided to move away from Snyder's vision for ashared universe of interconnected films and focus on stand-alone films and solo franchises instead.[6] The previously announced sequel toJustice League scheduled for a 2019 release was pushed back indefinitely.[88] Similar to the fallout afterBatman v Superman, Warner Bros. initiated a shakeup of executives between late-2017 and mid-2018, ahead of the release of the next DCEU film,Aquaman. BothJon Berg andGeoff Johns, who were hired as co-chairmen and co-runners of the DCEU afterBatman v Superman to get the franchise back on track, departedDC Films at the end of 2017.[89][90] In early 2018, Berg and Johns were replaced byWalter Hamada (It,The Conjuring) andChantal Nong.[91][92] Warner Bros.' head of casting Lora Kennedy departed in May 2018.[93]The Hollywood Reporter quoted an insider familiar with the station as saying Hamada "walked into a shitshow, and he's trying to clean it up".[94] Several DCEU actors are no longer attached to the franchise followingJustice League,[95][96] with several others currently in question.[97]
An anonymous Warner Bros. executive stated in February 2021 that even the studio did not like the "stupefying" changes Whedon brought to Snyder's film, criticizing the Black Clad and the Russian family as goofy and pointless additions to the film. The executive affirmed that the finished film felt "awkward" because the studio did not want to admit what "piece of shit" it had become.[75]
Justice League endured extensive re-writes and re-shoots that dramatically altered the final film. Theabove image shows Cyborg, Aquaman and Wonder Woman ready for battle in the first trailer from Zack Snyder's version before he departed the project, restored upon the release of his version. Thebelow image shows the exact same shot from Joss Whedon's theatrical cut featuring an altered sky color and set design, as well as Cyborg and Aquaman being removed from the scene.
The following is an overview of reported major differences between the "Snyder Cut" and the theatrical cut ofJustice League. It is not an exhaustive list and dozens of other major and minor changes have been reported.[1][98][99][100]
The theatrical cut entirely removed at least 10 comic book characters from Snyder's original script, among others. The "Snyder Cut" included a short scene where Flash savedIris West from a car accident.[1]Ryan Choi /Atom appeared as aS.T.A.R. Labs scientist working with Silas Stone.[44] Cyborg's mother Elinore Stone appeared in some flashback scenes. Aquaman's mentorNuidis Vulko appeared in an underwater scene and a cut post-credits scene.[43] Justice League antagonistDarkseid appeared in four different scenes.[101] Master torturer and follower of Darkseid in the comic booksDeSaad played a minor role.[42][102]Harry Lennix's characterCalvin Swanwick fromMan of Steel andBatman v Superman was planned to appear in a scene revealing he was secretly the shapeshifting alienMartian Manhunter all along.[47][48] The supporting characters Silas Stone, Lex Luthor, Lois Lane, Mera, Ares, Zeus and Antiope had multiple scenes cut or reduced, but still appear in the theatrical release.[citation needed]
Several scenes introducing and exploring in more depth the mythologies of the three new characters to the DCEU—Flash, Cyborg, and Aquaman—were removed from the theatrical cut. In the "Snyder Cut", Barry demonstrates the ability to reverse time by briefly surpassing thespeed of light in a new version of the final battle,[53] and his relationship with Bruce Wayne was established as being "between someone who is naive and excited and someone who is experienced and jaded".[103] In the theatrical cut, much of this is removed or replaced by "forced jokes" and a scene in which Flash saves a Russian family during the final battle.[104]
Cyborg was described as the "heart" of the film and the original script had included additional scenes of his origin story, learning to use his abilities and connecting with his cybernetic enhancements.[1][26][53][105][106][107][108] According to Ray Fisher, the only Snyder-shot scene Whedon kept in the theatrical cut was the one of Cyborg meeting withJ. K. Simmons' CommissionerJames Gordon at the Gotham City Police Department's rooftop.[109] Fisher later voiced his displeasure with Whedon and the studio removing much of Cyborg's backstory, among other allegations, leading to a months-long feud that culminated in Whedon being investigated and Fisher leaving his role as Cyborg in 2021 after reporting that Hamada was halting the investigation to protect Whedon.[110] In the "Snyder Cut", Victor's father Silas Stone dies after activating aMother Box at S.T.A.R. Labs in an act of self-sacrifice. In the theatrical cut, Silas survives the final battle.[111]
Aquaman had additional scenes exploring his backstory and Atlantean lore including the Dead King of Atlantis' throne and a scene involving Vulko and Mera that directly connected toAquaman (2018).[108][112][113] In November 2017, Jason Momoa defended the removal of these scenes, stating: "There was no need for it because you're going to see it inAquaman. It's not an Aquaman movie, it's a Justice League movie".[114]
Marc McClure, the actor who playedJimmy Olsen in theChristopher ReeveSuperman films, played Lois Lane's bodyguard throughout the entire "Snyder Cut" but only makes acameo appearance in the theatrical cut.[115] Snyder had a non-speaking cameo in a cafe.[116] Actor Sam Benjamin said he filmed 20–30 minutes worth of scenes for a military subplot that was cut from the theatrical release.[117]
Closeup of Superman's face in the theatrical cut showing the "CGI lip", which has drawn ridicule.
Most ofHenry Cavill's Superman scenes were re-shot by Whedon. Cavill's reshoots were scheduled aroundParamount'sMission: Impossible – Fallout (2018), for which Cavill had grown a moustache. Originally,Fallout directorChristopher McQuarrie agreed to let Cavill shave for the reshoots in exchange for $2–3 million to accommodate a temporary shutdown production onFallout, but Paramount executives vetoed the idea. Another proposal to have Cavill shave and wear a fake moustache in exchange was also vetoed by Paramount executives. With no other choice, Warner then decided to digitally remove Cavill's moustache, but under a tight deadline and the film being close to its release, the visual effects team did not have the time to properly apply the CGI; the finished product was criticized for its awkward and unrealistic appearance. Nearly all of Superman's scenes throughout the film feature the CGI lip, suggesting they have all been re-shot.[1][118][119]
Following the young Superman portrayed inMan of Steel and the conflicted Superman portrayed inBatman v Superman, the version of Superman that appeared in the "Snyder Cut" was described as coming closer to completing his story arc and becoming more like the "true" Superman as depicted in the comics after being reborn, and donning a black costume as opposed to the standard costume seen in the theatrical version.[120] Superman's behavior at the end of the "Snyder Cut" in the final battle was described by storyboard artist Jay Oliva as "unhinged".[121]
Snyder had originally intended for the hero to wear his iconic black and silver lined suit as famously first depicted in 1992's "The Death of Superman" comic storyline. However, due to the criticism of the "darkness" of Snyder's previous DC Films by critics, Warner Bros. did not allow him to use the suit since it gave the impression of a darker film - a tone they wanted to avoid. So Snyder and his visual effects team did some testing to see how easy it is to dial the color of the suit in color correction to black. They then made some slight physical alterations to the suit to make this process easier. So throughout the filming of the film, all of Superman's footage was shot in the classic suit with Snyder hoping to convince Warner Bros. in post-production to go for the black suit.[122][123]
Snyder's reasoning behind using the black suit is that it resembles Superman's character more inwards, specifically hisKryptonian heritage while the blue suit resembles his role on Earth, as humanity's protector, hero, and leader. Superman choosing the black suit is an indication that his character journey is not yet complete as Snyder's originally planned vision for his DC films was a 5-6 film arc that focused on Superman with the character at the end of the arc becoming the classic iconic Superman from the comics.[124][125][126][127]
While their arcs are mainly the same in both versions of the film, many of Batman's andWonder Woman's scenes were reshot by Whedon, including when Diana explains the first invasion of Earth to Bruce. In addition, their dynamic is changed: while Snyder's version of the film portrays Bruce and Diana with a good working relationship and subtly hints at their mutual romantic interest, Whedon introduces a subplot in the theatrical cut in which the two characters bicker constantly, which many critics saw as a borrowed element fromThe Avengers (2012), which Whedon had also directed.[128] Batman's characterization is noticeably changed, having a less serious personality compared to his version in Snyder cut having a newfound resolve and optimism after witnessing Superman's sacrifice inBatman v Superman.[129]
Ben Affleck andGal Gadot, who portrayed Batman and Wonder Woman, respectively, both voiced displeasure working with Whedon during the reshoots, and were among the most prominent supporters of the #ReleaseTheSnyderCut movement.[130] In fact, Todd McCarthy ofThe Hollywood Reporter wrote in a review of the theatrical cut that Affleck "looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here".[131] Affleck's experience on the set ofJustice League, especially during the reshoots, was cited as one of his reasons for stepping down from the role of Batman before he changed his mind and returned for additional shots forZack Snyder's Justice League andThe Flash (2023).[132][133] Gadot also disagreed with Whedon's choices for her character, including a controversial scene in which Flash falls on Wonder Woman's breasts, but Whedon retaliated by threatening to "make [her] look stupid" in the film. Though Gadot reported Whedon to studio executives to resolve their conflict,[134] many of Wonder Woman's scenes and soundbytes in the final theatrical cut ultimately appear tosexually objectify her, which viewers noted was done in a similar fashion toNatasha Romanoff / Black Widow inThe Avengers and its sequelAvengers: Age of Ultron (2015).[135] Conversely, Snyder's director's cut portrays her in a more dignified manner. In addition, both Batman's and Wonder Woman's action scenes have been restored in the "Snyder cut".[104]
As with Superman, many ofSteppenwolf's scenes were reshot by Whedon and the character was drastically altered. Originally envisioned by Snyder as a monstrous, horned alien with seven fingers on each hand and hooved feet, Steppenwolf was "toned down" during the troubled production of the film, asWarner Bros. deemed Snyder's design as too intimidating. Whedon's "sanitized" rendering of the character gave him a more humanoid form, making him more "self aware"[136] with "cheesier" lines, such as referring to the Mother Boxes as "Mother". The character model was inserted in numerous scenes originally featuring Darkseid.[137] Mark Birrell ofScreen Rant said that Whedon's Steppenwolf resembles a "Saturday-morning cartoon villain" who enjoys "being a bad guy", further noting that Darkseid's role in the film being almost entirely scrapped.[138]
Snyder's version of the film utilizes the character's original design, with the character speaking more "poetically" but less frequently, resulting in a more intimidating and menacing presence. Steppenwolf is also given a more complex armor capable of moving with his emotions, in addition to numerous gadgets, while his relationships with Darkseid and DeSaad are explored in-depth, and his fight scenes are much more violent and emotional.[104][139] In contrast to the theatrical cut, the director's cut depicts him as atragic villain and "spaceknight" in similar fashion to a "fallen angel", as he is aiming to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid and regain his commander's favor.[140]
During post-production ofZack Snyder's Justice League, which happened during theCOVID-19 pandemic, several special effects studios were shut down or inaccessible, resulting in some unused visuals intended for the 2017 cut being unavailable and needing to be re-rendered. This included the rendering of Steppenwolf, who was "built from scratch" for the director's cut, also because the character had reverted to Zack Snyder's original design.[141] Hinds described Steppenwolf's characterization in Snyder's version as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[142] His armor, in particular, was rendered byWeta Digital as a bevy of spikes that appear to move with the character's emotions and also follows his design as a "space knight". Anders Langlands, one of the supervisors at Weta, comments that "Zack had the idea that his armor would react to his mood and be part of his performance, as if it was some kind of alien technology that’s symbiotic with him."[140]
The flashback scene illustrating Steppenwolf's first invasion of Earth against theOlympian Old Gods,Amazons,Atlanteans,Green Lantern Corps and humans was altered for the theatrical release. The "Snyder Cut" was longer, included a younger version of Darkseid named Uxas instead of Steppenwolf, a battle between Ares and Darkseid, additional footage of the Green LanternYalan Gur, and included dialogue from most of these characters that was removed from the theatrical release.[26][118][143] When Steppenwolf strikes his axe into the ground, it creates a glowing red symbol. In the "Snyder Cut" this was explained to be a representation of theAnti-Life Equation, but the theatrical cut never addresses what the symbol is.[105]
The final battle between the Justice League and Steppenwolf's army ofParademons was largely redone. Whedon added the reddish hue coloration, the root-like structures growing out of the ground, a redesign of Steppenwolf's base of operations inside the cooling tower, and the Russian family that Flash saves. The Russian familysidequest/subplot and Whedon's coloration changes are completely removed from the Snyder Cut. Batman played a larger role in the action in the "Snyder Cut".[1] In the theatrical cut, Steppenwolf showed fear at the prospect of defeat, causing his Parademons to attack because they are drawn to the smell of fear—a plot device Whedon introduced both in this scene and the opening scene with Batman and the burglar.[118][144] In the "Snyder Cut", Wonder Woman decapitated Steppenwolf before he could escape through a boom tube and on the other side of the tube wasDarkseid, teasing his appearance in a sequel. This is after The Flash (whose role was reduced in the theatrical cut) was able to reverse the Justice League's initial defeat (caused by the Mother Boxes becoming unified) by reversing time through use of theSpeed Force to a point in time before the Mother Boxes synched together and terraformed the world thus giving the Justice League a second chance to prevent this from happening.[145][101]
Thepost-credits scene featuringLex Luthor andDeathstroke was initially supposed to tease Ben Affleck's original version forThe Batman, in which Deathstroke would have played a pivotal role. The sequence originally filmed back in 2016 during principal photography had Deathstroke and Luthor discussing about what to do with Batman, with Luthor revealing to Deathstroke that Batman was Bruce Wayne. When Affleck stepped away from directingThe Batman in January 2017 (beforeMatt Reeves took over as director and rewrote the film to no longer be set in the DCEU) and Joss Whedon was hired to replace Snyder a few months later, the sequence was redone with a reshoot of Jesse Eisenberg's dialogue to instead tease a plannedJustice League sequel not planned by Snyder or set in his universe involving theInjustice League by rewriting Luthor's dialogue.[146]
Another early iteration for the post-credits scene planned by Snyder had the Green LanternsKilowog andTomar-Re visitingBruce Wayne at his lake house at night to further tease the then upcomingGreen Lantern Corps film andJustice League sequels. Another iteration of this was Green Lantern, clarified by Snyder to beJohn Stewart, visiting Bruce at the lake house. In principal photography in London, Snyder only shot half of the scene with green lights shining on Affleck, with the Green Lantern side to be filmed later.[147] Snyder likely planned to finish the scene in pickups later in post production but left the project. WhenZack Snyder's Justice League was green-lit, Snyder finished shooting the scene on his driveway at his house with actor Wayne T. Carr playing John Stewart, and also included Martian Manhunter, with the two speaking to Bruce Wayne about Darkseid, setting up Justice League sequels and theGreen Lantern Corps film, instead of Kilowog and Tomar-Re.[148] However,Warner Bros. Pictures did not like the idea of Snyder introducing John Stewart as they had their own plans for him elsewhere; a compromise was made and Snyder repurposed and reshot the scene to instead only includeMartian Manhunter.[149][147] Snyder also said an early idea wasRyan Reynolds (who previously portrayedHal Jordan in the unrelated 2011 filmGreen Lantern) playing the "additional Lantern" in that scene but it never went beyond an idea and he never talked to Reynolds directly about it at the time.[150][151][152]
The Knightmare sequences were filmed by Snyder specifically forZack Snyder's Justice League, establishing that following Darkseid's victory in the hypotheticalJustice League Part Two, Aquaman and Wonder Woman have been killed, and Superman has turned evil following the death of Lois Lane. Batman has formed a makeshift Justice League with Flash, Cyborg, Mera, Deathstroke, and the Joker (with Affleck, Miller, Fisher, Heard,Joe Manganiello, andJared Leto all reprising their DCEU roles). Cavill was digitally imposed into the scenes using archive footage fromMan of Steel andBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. In the epilogue scene, Batman is mocked by the Joker for failing to save those close to him, includingRobin. The scene ends with the makeshift Justice League being ambushed by Superman.
The musical soundtracks of both cuts are significantly different with little overlap. The theatrical cut was ultimatelyscored byDanny Elfman—this score was more orchestral and upbeat in sound to reflect the theatrical version's intention to have a lighter, more family friendly tone compared to the preceding DCEU films likeMan of Steel andBatman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, both of which were scored byHans Zimmer with assistance fromJunkie XL (Tom Holkenborg). Junkie XL had been scheduled to return as composer for the theatrical cut ofJustice League, but was dropped in favour of Elfman whenJoss Whedon took over from Snyder in post production.[153] For his Justice League score he brought back the iconicSuperman March byJohn Williams from the1978 film series and also his own "The Batman Theme" originally used in the first two films of theBatman 1989 film series (which were both directed byTim Burton and scored by Elfman) for the theatrical cut of Justice League. Elfman also reworked Zimmer's Wonder Woman theme into a more orchestral form. An excerpt from Zimmer's work onMan of Steel can be heard during the theatrical version of the film itself but is not included in the commercially released soundtrack for the theatrical cut.[154] Elfman stated he wanted to keep things simple when scoring the film by usingmusical lemotifs for individual characters rather than full musical themes only developing one main theme to represent the Justice League as a whole team.[155]
When Holkenborg was rehired by Zack Snyder to score hisdirectors cut of the film he mostly disregarded the material Elfman had used for 2017 version. Holkenborg'snew score overall is much less whimsical and less traditionally orchestral than Elfman's score for the theatrical version. It focuses on orchestral elements such asbrass,percussion,electronica,piano andelectric guitar, similar to the approach he and Zimmer used in their previous DCEU work, in order to further emphasize the "Snyder Cut" having a similar feel to the first two DCEU films.[156][157] Holkenborg also created new themes for established characters such asBatman andWonder Woman.[158][159]
On May 20, 2020, Snyder officially announced thatHBO Max would be releasing his cut ofJustice League asZack Snyder's Justice League on their service on March 18, 2021.[160] It reportedly cost more than $70 million to complete the special effects, musical score, and editing, as well as filming additional scenes with the cut also being presented in anopen matte aspect ratio of1.33:1.[161]
Snyder stated this version is not intended to affect the future of the DCEU continuity, but that it takes place in a slightly alternate universe.[162] Despite previous reports describing it as a mini-series, Snyder described his cut as being a four-hour movie to be viewed in "one shot".[163][164]
Affleck, Fisher, Miller, Heard and Manganiello, along with Lennix and Leto, returned to their respective roles for additional photography, in order to finish the project.[165][166] Characters who were intended to debut in Snyder's original version of the film before their scenes were cut also appear in the film, such asDarkseid (portrayed byRay Porter),DeSaad (portrayed byPeter Guinness),Iris West (portrayed byKiersey Clemons), andRyan Choi (portrayed byZheng Kai), as well as severalGreen Lanterns.[167][168][169] Sam Benjamin was part of an estimated 20–30 minutes military subplot that was cut from the 2017 theatrical release.[170]
Outline of Snyder's cancelledJustice League sequels
Scripts for two sequels to follow Snyder'sJustice League were never written and never had writers assigned to them,[105][171] but Snyder had a plan for their stories and comic-book artistJim Lee drew breakdown boards for them.[172] Production was expected to begin shortly after the release ofJustice League,[171] but work on the first sequel, tentatively titledJustice League: Part Two[173] was stopped when Snyder stepped down in May 2017 and was pushed back indefinitely in December 2017 in favor of a stand-alone Batman film titledThe Batman starring Ben Affleck, which similarly never came to fruition and was converted into aseparate, standalone project entirely.[88] After the commercial flop ofJustice League caused Warner Bros. to re-think their DCEU strategy and move away from Snyder's vision, Snyder and members of the cast and crew slowly began leaking details about hisJustice League trilogy plan. Those details include:[a]
After being teased inZack Snyder's Justice League, Darkseid would have been the main villain ofJustice League Part Two.[171]
An early version of the firstJustice League film's script, according to Snyder in theYouTube podcast ofAnthony and Joe Russo, had a romantic subplot between Batman and Lois Lane prior to Superman's resurrection, citing that romance as a result of Lois being a "pretty amazing person" and his wish to incorporate the subplot to highlight Amy Adams' acting talents. He compared the storyline to the commonwar film-like plotline where a soldier's wife moves on after believing her husband died only for him to resurface and reveal his survival, hence why Lois would see herself in a difficult situation due to still loving Superman but Batman having already fallen for her.[22]
Justice League Part Two would have featured the fall of Earth and its terraformation into a copy of Apokolips as teased by Cyborg's vision of "the future" inZack Snyder's Justice League. Darkseid would have killed Lois Lane in the Batcave while Batman himself would have been unable to stop him, ultimately making Superman susceptible to the Anti-Life Equation through his grief, resulting in his corruption and eventual alliance with the forces of Apokolips as Earth's tyrant ruler. This would have forced the Flash—the only survivor of an attack by the evil Superman, to escape through time travel using a cosmic treadmill built by Cyborg. This plot device was also alluded to in the events ofBatman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice, during which Barry Allen, presumed to be from the "Knightmare" future, broke through time to warn the present Wayne about Superman's impending threat to the planet before realizing he went back "too soon" for Bruce to understand what he was referring to.[176]
Following a now cut ending scene fromZack Snyder's Justice League (2021), which originally featured Green LanternsJohn Stewart,Kilowog andTomar-Re, later repurposed to Stewart andMartian Manhunter before being reworked to solely involve the latter, members of theGreen Lantern Corps were expected to appear inJustice League Part Two includingHal Jordan.[171][148] ProducerCharles Roven was rumored to be interested in havingMark Wahlberg play The Corps' most famous member, though he was never officially cast in the role.[177][178] In earlier scrapped ideas from 2014 to 2015, ofJustice League Part 2 andPart 2A,Hal Jordan would have been introduced in the finalJustice League film set in the "Knightmare" timeline.[179] By 2016, with those ideas having been partly scrapped and altered, it seems plans changed for Hal to also appear a bit earlier inJustice League 2 alongside theGreen Lantern Corps.
According to Snyder, the scene inBatman v Superman with crosses over Superman's dead body was a cryptic reference to events inJustice League 2.[180]
In spite of having no plans to originally feature him inJustice League Part One,[181] Snyder planned to flesh out the past story between Batman and theJoker inJustice League Part Two by exploring how Robin died, including flashbacks of how the Joker murderedDick Grayson before burning downWayne Manor and confronting Batman.[182] The way this sequence would have gone was that there was aLast Supper-inspired moment with the resistance in which they all tell each other stories, as they believe they are going to die the following day, with the Joker's story being of how he killed Robin. Snyder said the fight sequence would have been shown on screen, as Robin "does [not] go down without a fight".[183]
Also according to Smith,Justice League 3 would have been set entirely in the post-apocalyptic "Knightmare" Earth seen in Bruce Wayne's dream sequences inBatman v Superman andZack Snyder's Justice League, with a rough synopsis of it being, "The heroes' last stand againstDarkseid and the forces ofApokolips".[172][184] Conversely, Snyder later stated that it would have beenJustice League Part Two that was set in the post-apocalyptic "Knightmare" Earth.[185]
Justice League 3 would have featured atime-traveling Flash avert the apocalyptic future by preventing Superman's fall into darkness, travelling back to the events ofPart Two.[186] As a result, Batman was to sacrifice himself to save Lois from Darkseid, resulting in Superman becoming the leader of the Justice League and the central character of the film.[174][187]
Following Batman's sacrifice, Superman would have reverted to his classic suit, completing his 5-6 filmcharacter arc as intended by Snyder sinceMan of Steel by uniting mankind and other armies around the Earth once more for the upcoming showdown against Darkseid and hisApokoliptian forces, including aircraft carriers,United States Army Special Forces members, Atlanteans led by Aquaman rising out of the ocean,Amazons led by Wonder Woman coming offThemyscira,[186] and even the Green Lantern Corps.Hippolyta would have died in the war, with Diana succeeding her as queen of the Amazons. Aquaman would have united all the kingdoms of the sea and be recognized as their true king for uniting with the surface world. Sometime after the war, the Amazons would open upThemyscira to the rest of the world again. Meanwhile,Barbara Gordon, who would have been introduced to Snyder's story arc in the Ben Affleck-directedThe Batman (2022),[188] would replace herfather as Commissioner of theGotham City Police Department upon his retirement, and would have assumed Batman's crimefighting duties as Batgirl, until the powerless son of Superman and Lois became the new Batman 20 years later.[176][149][179]
According tostoryboard artistJay Oliva in August 2023, in addition to the intended "Darkseid quadrilogy" by Snyder that would have ended up with "aJustice League Unlimited version" of the "Snyder-verse", Warner Bros. planned to make a Flash trilogy, which was at different points of development with directors likeSeth Grahame-Smith andRick Famuyiwa, that would have culminated in a "Flashpoint" film adaptation similar to Oliva'sDC Universe Animated Original Movies (DCUAOM) filmJustice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (2013) that would have revealed thatProfessor Zoom had been behind the DCEU's events, being in the background during most of the trilogy while having some influence over the Justice League films, provoking the Flash into changing the universe in a way that everyone is enemies with those who used to be their allies, forcing Flash toreboot the film series in a way that could have introduced a new cast due to the studio feeling that the starring actors would wish to move on from their roles after a decade.[189]
In January 2019, Snyder released a T-shirt as a reward for donating to a crowdfunding campaign, with all proceeds going toward the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. His design, which resembles theKabbalah Tree of Life, is said to contain the plot of his five-film arc including a planned Justice League trilogy within a mosaic of cryptic symbols and phrases. The reverse side of the shirt has a quote fromJoseph Campbell, American literature professor famed for his creation of theHero's journey, which reads: "All the gods, all the heavens, all the hells, are within you".[190][191][192]The Dreamscapes Of Zack Snyder's Justice League Exhibition in downtown Dallas revealed an outline forJustice League Parts 2 and2A by Snyder, lettered by Geoff Johns, and with art by Jim Lee; it showed costumes and props that were used in the additional photography forZack Snyder's Justice League.[179]
In February 2021, Snyder stated that as far as he knew, Warner Bros. had no interest in hiring him for furtherJustice League sequels or any DCEU films overall.[193] Snyder revealed at Justice Con 2021 that he had cast Wayne T. Carr asJohn Stewart / Green Lantern and filmed footage with him for the film's epilogue but was turned down by the studio.[194]
^The following are mostly based on storyboards created byZack Snyder, with the help ofJim Lee, and were a very rough outline for his 5-movie arc. They were made in 2014-2015, and by the release ofBatman v Superman, these storyboards became outdated and abandoned as Snyder's vision evolved. They are on display at The Dreamscapes ofZack Snyder's Justice League exhibition in downtown Dallas, Texas.
T-shirt design by Zack Snyder posted to his Twitter account. The cryptic logo allegedly outlines Snyder's entire plan for his five-film arc, including hisJustice League trilogy.
