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Principality of Kiev | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1132–1471 | |||||||||
  Left: Coin issued by PrinceVladimir Olgerdovich of Kiev (1388–1392) Right: Coin of unknown prince withSaint Michael motif, the common figure of various Kievan coins | |||||||||
Attributed arms in the Western heraldry:.svg) | |||||||||
 Principality of Kiev (light blue) in 1237 | |||||||||
| Status | Part of theGrand Principality of Vladimir(1243–1271) Part of theKingdom of Galicia–Volhynia(1271–1301) Vassal of theGolden Horde(1301–1362) Part of theGrand Duchy of Lithuania(1362–1471) | ||||||||
| Capital | Kiev | ||||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodox | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Grand Prince | |||||||||
• 1132–1139 | Yaropolk II Vladimirovich | ||||||||
• 1454–1471 | Simeon Olelkovich | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1132 | ||||||||
• Destruction of Kiev byBatu Khan | 1240 | ||||||||
• Death ofSimeon Olelkovich | 1471 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | |||||||||
The innerPrincipality of Kiev[a] was a medievalprincipality centered on the city ofKiev.
The principality was formed during the process of political fragmentation of theKievan Rus' in the early 12th century. As a result of that process, the effective rule of the grand princes of Kiev was gradually reduced to central regions of Kievan Rus' around its capital city Kiev, thus forming a reduced princely domain, known as the inner Principality of Kiev. It existed as a polity until the middle of the 14th century, when it was annexed by theGrand Duchy of Lithuania.
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During the era of Kievan Rus', the princely clan was assumed to maintain the unity of the state under the reign of their senior who held the grand princely throne of Kiev; however, the state disintegrated due to rivalry between the clans.[1]
The region of theKievan Rus' fragmented in the early 12th century and several semi-autonomous successor states arose. Kiev remained the core of the country and was the centre of spiritual life with the office of the Metropolitan of theEastern Orthodox Church in Kiev.
Following the death ofMstislav I of Kiev in 1132, the semi-autonomous states were de facto independent and so led to the emergence of the Principality of Kiev as a separate state.
The importance of the Kievan Principality began to decline. In the years 1150–1180 many of its cities such asVyshhorod,Kaniv, andBelgorod sought independence as individual principalities. The emergence of the principalities ofVladimir-Suzdal andGalicia-Volhynia resulted in the transition of the political and cultural centre of Rus' as well as the migration of citizens to cities likeVladimir andHalych.
TheMongol invasion of Kievan Rus' left the Principality of Kiev in a severely ruined state. Following the invasion, it was now under the formal suzerainty of the Grand Prince ofVladimir-Suzdal,Alexander Nevsky, who in turn was a vassal to the Mongols. After theBattle of Irpen in 1321, Kiev was the object of desire for theLithuanian Grand DukeGediminas, and it was incorporated into theGrand Duchy of Lithuania in 1362. The Principality formally existed as a distinct entity until 1471, when it was converted into theKiev Voivodeship.
The inner Principality of Kiev occupied land areas on both banks of theDnieper River, bordering thePrincipality of Polotsk to the north-west, thePrincipality of Chernigov to the north-east,Poland to the west, thePrincipality of Galicia to the south-west andCumania to the south-east. Later, Kiev would be bordered by the separatedPrincipality of Turov-Pinsk to the north and the joinedKingdom of Galicia–Volhynia to the west.
Principality did not have its own ruler and was ruled by viceroys (voivodes).
The principality was ruled by princes ofOlshanski andOlgovichi.
The principality was ruled by princes ofOlshanski andOlelkovichi.
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