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| Bertrand | |||||
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_(cropped).jpg) Bertrand in 2022 | |||||
| Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed) | |||||
| Tenure | 15 July 2022 – present | ||||
| Predecessor | Luiz of Orléans-Braganza | ||||
| Heir presumptive | Rafael of Orléans-Braganza | ||||
| Born | (1941-02-02)2 February 1941 (age 84) Mandelieu-la-Napoule,Vichy France | ||||
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| House | Orléans-Braganza | ||||
| Father | Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza | ||||
| Mother | Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (born 2 February 1941) is the head of theVassouras branch of theHouse of Orléans-Braganza and one of two claimants to the defunct Brazilian throne. He succeeded his brotherLuiz of Orléans-Braganza to the claim on 15 July 2022. The Vassouras branch claims the throne in opposition to the Petrópolis branch of the Orléans-Braganzas, headed by Pedro Carlos Orléans-Braganza. Although Bertrand and Pedro Carlos respectively were and are great-grandchildren ofPrincess Isabel (daughter ofEmperor Pedro II), of theHouse of Braganza, they disputed leadership over theBrazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute concerning their fathers, who were cousins.
Born inMandelieu-la-Napoule,France, the third child ofPedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, andPrincess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria. He was the third and last child of the couple to be born abroad, and came toBrazil at the age of four. In Brazil, he graduated in law from theUniversity of São Paulo and became a student ofPlinio Corrêa de Oliveira and a devoted member ofTradition, Family and Property and later theInstituto Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira.[1] Prince Bertrand is an avid traditionalist conservative,anticommunist, and outspoken advocate of right-wingChristian policies. Chaste, the Prince succeeded his brother asHead of the Imperial House of Brazil and is the main activist and spokesperson for therestoration of the monarchy, having gained prominence in the national media and, on occasion, in the international media. He is frequently invited by public and private institutions, including theFederal Government, to participate in official events, as well as to participate in monarchic events and meetings and to travel the country campaigning for the monarchy.[2][3]
Although Prince Bertrand and Prince Pedro Carlos are great-grandsons of EmperorPedro II of Brazil, of theHouse of Braganza, they disputed the leadership of theBrazilian Imperial Family due to a dynastic dispute regarding their parents, who were cousins. A member of theBrazilian Imperial House, Prince Bertrand is closely related to theHouse of Braganza and theHouse of Orléans (Orleanist claimants), both through his paternal lineage, and with theHouse of Wittelsbach, through his maternal lineage. He is the great-grandson ofIsabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and KingLudwig III of Bavaria.[4][5][6]
The third son ofPedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza andPrincess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria, his elder brothers are, in order,Luiz of Orléans-Braganza who claimed to be Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family until 2022 and Eudes of Orléans-Braganza, who renounced his dynastic rights to the Brazilianthrone in order to marry a commoner.[citation needed]
As with his two elder brothers, Bertrand was born in southern France, 1941, even though theexile imposed on the family had already been revoked, in 1920, due to theSecond World War. He came to Brazil after the end of the conflict.[citation needed]
In Brazil, the family settled first in theGrão-Pará Palace in the state ofRio de Janeiro,[citation needed][dubious –discuss] where he carried out part of his secondary studies in the JesuitSt. Ignatius College. Later his family moved toParaná, where his father bought a farm and Bertrand spent his childhood. When he was 18 years old, he went toSão Paulo, where he achieved abachelor's degree in Law from theFaculty of Law of the University of São Paulo in 1964. He still lives in São Paulo.[citation needed]
From a very young age he received Catholic formation, being guided by his father to the taste for the doctrinal study and the analysis of the national and international events. He participated with enthusiasm in the academic banks of the ideological struggles that marked Brazil in the first half of the sixties.[citation needed] His formation was completed with frequent trips to Europe, one of which took place during the entire First Session of theSecond Vatican Council, when he took close contact with the Catholic intelligentsia to Rome for the great event. A civilpilot, he is a reservist of theBrazilian Air Force.[citation needed]
Bertrand is aTraditionalist Catholic and a member ofTradition, Family and Property,[7] of traditionalist Catholic inspiration, founded and directed by the intellectual leaderPlinio Corrêa de Oliveira until his death. There it diffuses from the catholic and monarchical ideals,[8] seen by him as "distinct and harmonious facets of the same ideal."[This quote needs a citation] His older brother, Luiz, was also part of the organization. After a spin-off occurred in the entity, he and his brother began to collaborate with members linked to thePlinio Corrêa de Oliveira Institute (IPCO) and the Founders' Association.[citation needed]
Besides Portuguese, his native language, Bertrand is fluent in French and Spanish.[citation needed]
He is not married and has no issue.
Both he and his elder brother, Luiz, were engaged in monarchist proselytism in Brazil.[8] They both played main roles during the campaign for the1993 plebiscite, which represented the hitherto only real opportunity for a return of the monarchy since the proclamation of the republic, in 1889. In it, the people were asked to choose which form of government (presidential orparliamentary) and which form of state organization (republic orconstitutional monarchy) Brazil should have. The monarchist cause was not successful, receiving only 13.4% of the vote.[9][10]
In recent years, Bertrand is coordinator andspokesman of the movementPaz no Campo (Peace in the fields), and has traveled all over Brazil lecturing for farmers and entrepreneurs in defense of private property and free enterprise.[11][12]
As the activist and spokesman of the Brazilian Imperial House for the restoration of the monarchy, Bertrand has gained prominence in the national media and, on some occasions, international media,[13] with the rise and spread of monarchist movements throughout the country.[14] He participates annually in public meetings with monarchists,[15] in addition to attending other meetings and conducting lectures, often at the invitation of private institutions, municipal governments and legislative assemblies, mainly for public events related to Brazil's monarchical past.[16] In 2016 he gave an interview to Mariana Godoy on her program onRedeTV!, gaining notoriety with the general public.[17] On 22 September 2017 Bertrand participated in the programThe Noite com Danilo Gentili, currently the largest talk show in the country, breaking the program's record of audience.[18] Despite the campaign, politically the monarchist movement is still small, with 11% of support among the population, according to a survey.[19]
Bertrand supports typically Traditionalist Catholic ideas: he opposessame-sex marriage, favours theillegality of abortion and is against thedemarcation of indigenous territory in Brazil.[20] He has also criticised theprogressivism ofPope Francis, although he does recognize him as the legitimate pope.[citation needed]
He is aclimate change denialist and has published a book entitled "Psicose Ambientalista" ("EnvironmentalistPsychosis"), denouncing with what he calls "the hoaxes created byradical environmentalists and byeco-terrorists".[21][22]
As Head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Bertrand claims the following positions:[23]
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Grand Master and Sovereign of theImperial Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ_-_ribbon_bar.png)
Grand Master and Sovereign of theImperial Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
Grand Master and Sovereign of theImperial Order of Saint James of the Sword
Grand Master and Sovereign of theImperial Order of the Cross
Grand Master and Sovereign of theImperial Order of Emperor Pedro I.svg)
Grand Master and Sovereign of theImperial Order of the RoseBertrand has also received other honours:[23]
Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of theSovereign Military Order of Malta
Knight of theOrder of the Holy Sepulchre[24]
Bailiff Grand Cross of theSacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
Grand Cross of theOrder of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
Medal of the Pacifier Duke of Caxias (2009)[25]
Grand Cross of the Order of Military Judicial Merit (2009)[26]
Commander of theOrder of Military Merit (2013)[27]
Medal of Tiradentes (2018)[28]| Ancestors of Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza |
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Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza Cadet branch of theHouse of Orléans Born: 2 February 1941 | ||
| Preceded by | Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed) 15 July 2022 – present | Incumbent Heir: Rafael de Orleans e Bragança |
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| Preceded by | — TITULAR — Emperor of Brazil One of two pretenders to the Brazilian throne 15 July 2022 – present Reason for succession failure: Empire abolished in 1889 | Incumbent Heir: Rafael de Orleans e Bragança |
Heads of theImperial House of Brazil since the abolition of the monarchy in 1889 | ||
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