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| Prime Minister of Ethiopia | |
|---|---|
 Emblem | |
 Flag of Ethiopia | |
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| Style | Honourable Prime Minister (Within Ethiopia) Prime Minister (Informal) His Excellency (Diplomatic) |
| Type | Head of Government |
| Status | Chair of Council of Ministers Chair of National Security Council Chair of National Economic Council |
| Abbreviation | PM |
| Member of | Federal Parliamentary Assembly |
| Reports to | House of Peoples' Representatives |
| Residence | Menelik Palace |
| Appointer | House of Peoples' Representatives |
| Term length | 5 years term unless Federal Parliamentary Assembly dissolved sooner No term limits specified |
| Precursor | Chief Minister of Ethiopia |
| Inaugural holder | Habte Giyorgis Dinagde (Chief Minister) Makonnen Endelkachew (Prime Minister) |
| Formation | 1909(Chief Minister) 1943(Prime Minister) |
| Deputy | Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia |
| Salary | 3,939,808Ethiopian birr/73,600 USD annually[1] |
| Website | Prime Minister Office - Ethiopia |
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Judiciary |
Theprime minister of Ethiopia is thehead of government andchief executive ofEthiopia. Ethiopia is aparliamentary republic with a prime minister as head of the government and thecommander-in-chief of theEthiopian Armed Forces. The prime minister is the most powerful political figure in Ethiopian politics. The official residence of the prime minister is theMenelik Palace inAddis Ababa. The prime minister is elected from the members of theHouse of Peoples' Representatives and presents a government platform. The prime minister must receive a vote of confidence in the House of Peoples' Representatives to exercise executive power as chief executive.Abiy Ahmed is the third prime minister of theFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, serving since April 2018.
The office of prime minister has been consistently used in modern Ethiopian history. Prior to the establishment of modern government institutions, Ethiopia was anabsolute monarchy with theKing of Kings presiding as the absolute ruler of Ethiopia. The role of head of government emerged as a cabinet position in the late 18th and early 19th centuries following the introduction of modern government byEmperor Menelik II. The heads of government of Ethiopia have been thechief minister (1909–1943), and then theprime minister (1943–present). The1995 Constitution transformed Ethiopia into aparliamentary republic and made the prime minister thechief executive of Ethiopia.
The firsthead of government at the cabinet level wasHabte Giyorgis Dinagde as the emperor's loyal chief minister underEmperor Menelik II. The chief minister was the chair of the cabinet and theMinistry of Defense, who served at the pleasure of theKing of Kings, the absolute ruler. In modern Ethiopian history there have been three chief ministers, includingTafari Makonnen underEmpress Zewditu and Betwoded Wolde Tzaddick underEmperor Haile Selassie.
The office of the prime minister was officially established following the1931 Constitution of Ethiopia. The 1931 constitution was the first modern constitution in Ethiopia that attempted to create a modern system of government. The 1931 Constitution of Ethiopia named theemperor of Ethiopia as the absolute ruler of Ethiopia and the prime minister as the leader of the council of ministers that coordinated day-to-day government activities with the consent of the emperor of Ethiopia. Until the1955 revised Constitution of Ethiopia there were three prime ministers, including the first prime ministerMakonnen Endelkachew and the last prime ministerAbebe Aregai, who was assassinated during the failed1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt. Following the assassination of Abebe Aregai,Imru Haile Selassie served as acting prime minister for only three days.
Therevised 1955 constitution of Ethiopia was put into effect in 1961 following the failed1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt. The1955 revised Constitution of Ethiopia attempted to take Ethiopia towards aconstitutional monarchy system. Under the 1955 constitution the office of the prime minister andChamber of Deputies was given autonomy and power. Although the prime minister and parliament's power was stronger on paper, in practice theemperor of Ethiopia possessed significant power and ruled the country as de jure absolute ruler. Nonetheless since Ethiopia was coming out from absolute monarchy where only the monarch had power, over time the prime minister became in fact the head of government while the Emperor was the head of state. The first prime minister under the 1955 Constitution of Ethiopia wasAklilu Habte-Wold, and the last prime minister wasMikael Imru, who was dismissed following the1974 revolution which established theProvisional Military Government (PMG).
In September 1974 the lastemperor of Ethiopia,Haile Selassie, was overthrown by a military coup. The military administration abolished themonarchies of Ethiopia and established theProvisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia. The chairman of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia was head of the government. From 1974 until 1987 the office of prime minister was not in use until the declaration of1987 Constitution of Ethiopia which created thePeople's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
The prime minister office came into effect following the declaration of thePeople's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE). The1987 Constitution of Ethiopia named the prime minister as thehead of government and the principal advisor to the president of the people's republic. The prime minister also held the highest rank in the civil service of the central government. The prime minister was formally approved by theNational Shengo upon the nomination of the president. In practice, the prime minister was chosen within theWorkers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) through deliberations by incumbent WEP Politburo members and retired WEP Politburo Standing Committee members. The first prime minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia wasFikre Selassie Wogderess, who served from 1987 to 1989. The last prime minister wasTesfaye Dinka, who fled to the United States in exile following the dissolution of the London peace conference which ended the PDRE and established theTransitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE).
The end of theEthiopian Civil War in May 1991 resulted in the end to thePeople's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia constitution. A new provisional constitution andTransitional Government of Ethiopia was formed. The Transitional Government of Ethiopia was de facto asemi-presidential system, with the president as head of state and prime minister as head of government. The prime minister was appointed by the president, along with other ministers in the Cabinet. The prime minister coordinated and chaired cabinet meetings with the consultation of the president of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia. The only prime minister who served during the Transitional Government of Ethiopia wasTamrat Layne.
A draft of a new constitution was declared in 1995 asthe constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. The1995 Constitution of Ethiopia transformed Ethiopia into aparliamentary republic with thepresident of Ethiopia as head of state and the prime minister as head of government. TheConstitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia explicitly vests executive power in theCouncil of Ministers chaired by the prime minister aschief executive and de jurecommander-in-chief of theEthiopian Armed Forces. The prime minister is nominated among members of theHouse of Peoples' Representatives and must be approved by two-third majority vote of confidence. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the largest party with the highest number of sites in the House of Peoples' Representatives. The prime minister nominates themember of Council of Ministers for approval by House of Peoples' Representatives by two-third majority.[2] The first prime minister ofFDRE wasMeles Zenawi, who served from 1995 to 2012. The current prime minister isAbiy Ahmed serving since April 2018.
After ageneral election, theNational Election Board of Ethiopia announces the official results. Based on the results thepresident of Ethiopia nominates the leader of the party with the majority in theHouse of Peoples' Representatives asPrime Minister Designate of Ethiopia to form theFederal Government of Ethiopia.
The leader of the party must be a member of the House of Peoples' Representatives to be nominated asThe Prime Minister Designate of Ethiopia. If no party wins an overall majority, the president of Ethiopia invites the leader of the relative majority (plurality) political party to form a coalition government with other parties.
The prime minister designate must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote of confidence in the House of Peoples' Representatives to be appointed as Prime Minister of Ethiopia. After being appointed, the prime minister presents himself before the House of Peoples' Representatives and makes a declaration of loyalty to the Constitution and the people of Ethiopia.[3]
The prime minister of Ethiopia is the most protected government official in the country. The prime minister's security detail is under the command of theRepublican Guard, which is a special armed unit of theEthiopian National Defense Force. The Republican Guard's Counter Military Unit is responsible for protecting the prime minister's official residenceMenelik Palace commonly known as4 Killo National Palace. The Counter Military Unit is an elite paramilitary force armed with heavy assault rifles such as Israel-made Tavor-21 and AmericanM4 carbines as well as having snipers, helicopters and armored vehicles.[4][5]
| Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia | |
|---|---|
| የኢትዮጵያ ምክትል ጠቅላይ ሚኒስቴር | |
 | |
| Type | Deputy Head of Government |
| Member of | Federal Parliamentary Assembly |
| Appointer | Prime Minister |
| Term length | 5 years |
| Formation | 1995 |
| First holder | Tamrat Layne |
Article 76 of the constitution states that "The Council of Ministers comprises the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers and other members as may be determined by law. On Article 75 of the constitution states DPME is responsible to the Prime Minister. The Deputy Prime Minister Carry out responsibilities which shall be specifically entrusted by the Prime Minister. The DPME (Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia) also act on behalf of the Prime Minister in his absence."[6][7]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Media related toPrime ministers of Ethiopia at Wikimedia Commons
| Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974) | .svg) .svg) .svg) .svg) | |
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| Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1987) |
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| People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991) | ||
| Transitional Government of Ethiopia (1991–1995) | ||
| Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (since 1995) | ||
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