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Primary sector

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(Redirected fromPrimary sector of the economy)

Industry of raw materials and unprocessed food

Economic sectors
Three-sector model
Primary sector(raw materials) Secondary sector(goods manufacturing) Tertiary sector(services)
Additional sectors
Quaternary sector (information services) Quinary sector (human services)
Theorists
AGB Fisher Colin Clark Jean Fourastié
Sectors by ownership
Business sector Private sector Public sector Voluntary sector
v t e

Ineconomics, theprimary sector is theeconomic sector which comprisesindustry involved in the extraction and production ofraw materials, such asfarming,logging,fishing,forestry andmining.^[1]^[2]^[3] The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy indeveloping countries than it does indeveloped countries. For example, in 2018, agriculture, forestry, and fishing comprised more than 15% of GDP insub-Saharan Africa^[4] but less than 1% of GDP inNorth America.^[5]

In developed countries the primary sector has become more technologically advanced, enabling for example the mechanization of farming, as compared with lower-tech methods^[a] in poorer countries.^[6] More developed economies may invest additional capital in primary means of production: for example, in the United StatesCorn Belt,combine harvesters pick the corn, and sprayers spray large amounts ofinsecticides,herbicides andfungicides, producing a higher yield than is possible using less capital-intensive techniques. These technological advances and investment allow the primary sector to employ a smaller workforce, so developed countries tend to have a smaller percentage of their workforce involved in primary activities, instead having a higher percentage involved in thesecondary andtertiary sectors.^[7]

List of countries by agricultural output

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Main article:List of countries by GDP sector composition

Largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) according to theIMF andCIA World Factbook, at peak level as of 2018
Economy	Countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018 (billions inUSD)
(01) China	2,101
(02) India	1,400
(03) Indonesia	486
(—) European Union	352
(04) Pakistan	284
(05) Nigeria	253
(06) Brazil	209
(07) Russia	196
(08) United States	185
(09) Iran	162
(10) Turkey	155
(11) Egypt	154
(12) Thailand	109
(13) Vietnam	108
(14) Bangladesh	108
(15) Argentina	101
(16) Mexico	100
(17) Philippines	92
(18) Myanmar	89
(19) Algeria	87
(20) Malaysia	84
The twenty largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018, according to theIMF andCIA World Factbook.

Notes

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^Often using non-powered equipment, sometimes even hand-picking and hand-planting

References

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^Chand, S. N. (2006).Dictionary of economics. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 268.ISBN 81-269-0535-2.OCLC 297507928.
^"primary producer".Collins English Dictionary.HarperCollins. Retrieved2019-12-10.
^Kjeldsen-Kragh, Søren (2007).The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development: The Lessons of History. Copenhagen Business School Press DK. p. 73.ISBN 978-87-630-0194-6.
^"Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | Sub-Saharan Africa".World Bank Open Data. 2018. Retrieved2019-07-14.
^"Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) | North America".World Bank Open Data. 2018. Retrieved2019-07-14.
^"Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) - Data".data.worldbank.org.
^H Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (March 1973)

External links

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Media related toPrimary sector at Wikimedia Commons
Economy101.net:The Nature of Wealth

Majorindustries byeconomic sector

Primary sector or ′Natural sector′(raw materials)

Biotic

Agriculture	Arable farming Cereals Legumes Vegetables Fiber crops Oilseeds Sugar Tobacco Permanent crops Apples et al. Berries Citrus Stone fruits Tropical fruit Viticulture Cocoa Coffee Tea Nuts Olives Medicinal plants Spices Horticulture Flowers Seeds Animal husbandry Beef cattle Dairy farming Fur farming Horses Other livestock Pig Wool Poultry Beekeeping Cochineal Shellac Silk Hunting Fur trapping
Forestry	Silviculture Bamboo Logging Firewood Rattan Tree tapping Frankincense Gum arabic Gutta-percha Maple syrup Mastic Natural rubber Palm sugar,syrup, &wine Pine resin Wild mushrooms Fungiculture Truffles
Aquatic	Fishing Anchovies Herring Sardines Cod Haddock Pollock Mackerel Shark Swordfish Tuna Crabs Lobsters Sea urchins Squid Whaling Aquaculture Carp Catfish Tilapia Abalone Mussels Oysters Pearls Microalgae Seaweed Both Clams Sea cucumbers Scallops Salmon Shrimp

Geological

Secondary sector or ′Industrial sector′(goods manufacturing)

Manufacturing

Light industry	Food Animal feed Baking Canning Dairy products Flour Meat Prepared Preserved Sweets Vegetable oils Beverages Beer Bottled water Liquor Soft drinks Wine Textiles Carding Dyeing Prints Spinning Weaving Carpets Lace Linens Rope Clothing Accessories Dressmaking Furs Hatmaking Sewing Shoemaking Tailoring Printing Bookbinding Embossing Engraving Secure Typesetting Media reproduction Cassette tapes Phonographs Optical discs Metal fabrication Boilermaking Builders' &household hardware Cutlery Gunsmithing Locksmithing Machining Othersmithing Powder metallurgy Prefabrication Surface finishing Other fabrication 3D printing Blow molding Drawing Extrusion Glassblowing Injection moulding Pottery Sintering Stonemasonry Woodworking Furniture Other goods Baggage Bicycles Jewellery Medical supplies Musical instruments Office supplies Outdoors & sports equipment Personal protective equipment Toys
Electrical & optical	Electronics Components Circuit boards Semiconductors Computers Computer systems Parts & peripherals Blankstorage media Communications equipment Mobile phones Network infrastructure Consumer electronics Televisions Video game consoles Instrumentation Clocks and watches GPS devices Scientific instruments Medical imaging systems Optical instruments Cameras Gun &spotting scopes Laser construction Lens grinding Microscopes Telescopes Electrical equipment Batteries Electrical &fiber optic cables Electric lighting Electric motors Home appliances Transformers
Chemicals	Coal &oil refining Bitumen Coke Diesel fuel Fuel oil Gasoline Jet fuel Kerosene Mineral oil Paraffin wax Petrochemicals Petroleum jelly Propane Synthetic oil Tar Commodity chemicals Fertilizers Industrial gases Pigments Pure elements Speciality chemicals Adhesives Agrochemicals Aroma compounds Cleaning products Cosmetics Explosives Fireworks Paints &inks Perfumes Soap Toiletries Fine chemicals Pharmaceuticals Antibiotics Blood products Chemical & hormonalcontraceptives Generic drugs Illegal drugs Supplements Vaccines
Materials	Leather Liming &deliming Tanning Currying &oiling Wood Drying Sawmilling Engineered Lumber Composite Paper Sizing Cardboard Pulp Tissue Rubber Tires Vulcanized rubber Plastics Commodity Engineered Specialty Pellets Synthetic fibers Thermoplastics &thermosets Glass Borosilicate Fused quartz Soda-lime Float glass Glass fiber Glass wool &fiberglass Safety glass Ceramics Brick Earthenware Porcelain Refractory Tile Cement Mortar Plaster Ready-mix concrete Other mineral Abrasives Carbon fibers &advanced materials Mineral wool Synthetic gems Metal refining Iron Aluminum Copper Alloys Steel Formed metal Rolled Forged Cast metal
Heavy industry	Machinery Conveyors Heavy Hydraulic Machine tools Power &wind turbines Automobiles Other heavyvehicles Aerospace &space Rail vehicles Ships &offshore platforms Weapons

Utilities

Construction

Tertiary sector or ′Service sector′(services)

Sales	Retail Car dealership Consumer goods General store Grocery store Department store Mail order E-commerce Online shopping Specialty store Wholesale Auction Brokerage Distribution
Transport & Storage	Cargo Air cargo Intermodal Mail Moving company Rail Trucking Passenger transport Airlines Car rentals Passenger rail Ridesharing Taxis Warehousing Self storage
Hospitality	Food service Drink service Cafés Catering Fast food Food delivery Restaurants Teahouses Hotels
Asset management	Financial services Banking Credit Financial advice Holding company Money transfer Payment cards Risk management Securities Insurance Health Life Pension funding Property Reinsurance Real estate Brokerage Property management
Professional	Accounting Assurance Audit Bookkeeping Tax advice Architecture &engineering Inspection Surveying Physical,product, &system testing Design Fashion Interior Product Legal services Management Consulting Public relations Marketing Advertising Creative Language Research and development Basic research
Healthcare	Medicine Dentist offices Hospitals Nursing Residential care Veterinary medicine
Entertainment &leisure	Audio-visual Film Music Video games Broadcasting News Radio Television Sport Travel Business travel Cruise lines Tourism Gambling Online Venues Arcades Amusement parks Fairgrounds Nightclubs Tabletop games
Publishing &Mass media	Written Books Periodicals Software Internet Hosting Social networks Streaming Websites
Education	Primary Secondary Tertiary Vocational school University Testing Tutoring
Other	Administrative Customer service Leasing Renting Staffing Private investigation &security Maintenance Janitors Landscaping Repairs Personal services Beauty Dry cleaning Funeral Maid service Pet care Sex Poverty

Classification standards	Production-based ANZSIC ISIC NACE NAICS SIC UKSIC Market-based GICS ICB TRBC Other Aftermarket Generic OEM
Inputs &outputs	Externalities Community Crime Culture Pollution Well-being Funding Goods Commodities Final Intermediate Raw material Innovation Primary inputs Labor Natural resources Physical capital Services Technology
Organization	Centralization Cartel Conglomerate Horizontal integration Mergers and acquisitions Monopoly Monopsony Vertical integration Decentralization Enforced breakup Freelancing Homesteading Outsourcing Putting-out system Spinning-off Temporary work Ownership Cooperative Joint-stock company Nationalization Nonprofit organization Partnership Privatization Sole proprietorship State-owned enterprise