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President of the European Parliament

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Head of debate oversight in the European Union legislature

President of the European Parliament
Logo of the Parliament
since 18 January 2022
European Parliament
StylePresident[1]
StatusPresiding officer
Member ofEuropean Parliament
ResidenceLouise Weiss building
SeatStrasbourg, France
AppointerEuropean Parliament
Term length2.5 years, renewable once
Inaugural holderPaul Henri Spaak /Robert Schuman[2]
Formation1952 / 1958[2]
DeputyVice-Presidents of the European Parliament
Websitethe-president.europarl.europa.eu/en/
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Thepresident of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of theEuropean Parliament. They also represent the Parliament within theEuropean Union (EU) and internationally. The president's signature is required forlaws initiated underco-decision and theEU budget.

Presidents serve 2.5-year terms, normally alternating between the two majorpolitical parties. There have been 30 presidents since the Parliament was created in 1952, 17 of whom have served since thefirst parliamentary election in 1979. Three presidents have been women and most have come from the oldermember states.

Role in Parliament

[edit]

The president chairs debates and oversees all the activities of the Parliament and its constituent bodies (ensuring the Parliament's rules of procedure are applied), in this the role is similar to that of aspeaker in anational parliament. Below the president, there are 14vice-presidents who chair debates when the president is not in the chamber. The president also chairs the meetings of theBureau, which is responsible for budgetary and administration issues, and theConference of Presidents, which is a governing body composed of the presidents of each of the parliament's political groups.[3][4]

Position in the Union

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The president represents Parliament in all legal matters and external relations, particularlyinternational relations. When theEuropean Council meets, the president addresses it to give the Parliament's position on subjects on the council's agenda. The president also takes part inIntergovernmental Conferences on newtreaties. The president's signature is also required for thebudget of the European Union andUnion acts adopted undercodecision procedure to be adopted. The president also chairs conciliation committees with the Council under these areas.[3][4]

In most countries, the protocol of thehead of state comes before all others. However, in the EU the Parliament is listed as the first institution, and hence the protocol of its president comes before any other European, or national, protocol. The gifts given to numerous visiting dignitaries depends upon the president. PresidentJosep Borrell MEP of Spain gave his counterparts a crystal cup created by an artist from Barcelona which had engraved upon it parts of theCharter of Fundamental Rights among other things.[5]

With the reorganisation of leading EU posts under theLisbon Treaty, there was some criticism of each post's vague responsibilities. Ukrainian ambassador to the EU Andriy Veselovsky praised the framework and clarified it in his own terms: Thepresident of the European Commission speaks as the EU's "government" while thepresident of the European Council is a "strategist". Thehigh representative specialises in "bilateral relations" while theEuropean commissioner for enlargement and European neighbourhood policy deals in technical matters such as the free trade agreement with Ukraine. The Parliament's president meanwhile articulates the EU's values such as democratic elections in other countries.[6]

Election

[edit]
Map showing the number of presidents from each state:
  Seven
  Six
  Five
  Three
  Two
  One
  None

The president is elected by the members of Parliament for a two-and-a-half-year term, meaning two elections per parliamentary term, hence two presidents normally serve during any one Parliamentary term. Since the 1980s, the two major parties in the Parliament, theEuropean People's Party (EPP) andParty of European Socialists (PES), have had the custom of sharing the two presidencies between themselves. For example, in the 2004–2009 legislature the EPP supported the PES candidate for president and, when his term expired in 2007, the PES supported the EPP's candidate. This resulted in large majorities for presidents, although there are some exceptions: in the 1999–2004 legislature, under an EPP–Liberal deal, the president for the second half of the term was a Liberal, rather than a Socialist.[7]

Starting from the 2009–2014 session of the Parliament the outgoing president presides over the election of the new president, provided that the outgoing president is re-elected as an MEP. If the outgoing president is not re-elected as an MEP then one of the 14 vice-presidents takes up the role. While the outgoing president or vice-president is in the chair, they hold all the powers of the president, but the only business that may be addressed is the election of the new president.[8]

Before the ballot nominations are handed to the chair who announces them to Parliament. If no member holds an absolute majority after three ballots, a fourth is held with only the two members holding the highest number of votes on the previous ballot. If there is still a tie following this, the eldest candidate is declared elected.[9]

A number of notable figures have been President of the Parliament and its predecessors. The first president wasPaul-Henri Spaak, one of thefounding fathers of the Union. Other founding fathers includeAlcide de Gasperi andRobert Schuman. The first two female presidents wereSimone Veil MEP in 1979 (first president of the elected Parliament) andNicole Fontaine MEP in 1999, both Frenchwomen.[10]Jerzy Buzek, formerprime minister of Poland and member ofSolidarity Electoral Action, was elected as the first president from the central and eastern European countries which joined in the 2000s (more precisely, he is the first person from a country that joined the EU after 1986 to hold the post).

Oldest member

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Main article:Oldest Member (European Parliament)

Prior to 2009, the "oldest member", the eldest MEP (similar to theFather of the House), presided over the chamber during the election of the president rather than the previous president. The member had all the duties of president but the only business that could be addressed was the election of the president.[8]

In 2009, the Parliament's rules were changed so that the outgoing president (if re-elected as an MEP) or one of the outgoing vice-presidents would chair the first session of Parliament until a new president was elected.

Seventh European Parliament

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2009

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The two major factions of the European Parliament, the EPP and the S&D, have reached a formal agreement to share the presidency under the2009–2014 term. Under the agreement, Jerzy Buzek would be president in the first half of the term and a S&D member would be elected in the second half (2012–2014) of the term.[11]Martin Schulz (SPD, Germany), leader of the S&D group, was speculated as the likely nominee, and in the event he was elected on 17 January 2012.

Buzek's presidency is part of the usual People's Party – Socialist agreement to have one presidency each of the two during each parliament. For the2009–2014 term Buzek gets the post for the first term of office of two and a half years, and someone from the Socialists will get it for the second.[12] The 2004–2009 parliamentary term saw a great amount of co-operation between the two groups following on from the 1999–2004 term which saw an EPP-ELDR alliance. The Socialist candidate would beMartin Schulz who was unanimously nominated by the group.[13]Diana Wallis (Liberal) andNirj Deva (Conservative) also announced candidacies.[14][15]

Meanwhile,Graham Watson, the leader of ALDE, stated he wished to challenge this system of carving up the post, and presented himself as a candidate. He made a point of running a public campaign, to contrast against the closed-doors agreement of Peoples Party-Socialists, which he claimed was the first such campaign to be run. Through this, he also stated he hoped to open up a debate on the role of the president and make the figure more dynamic, to counterbalance the growing power of thepresidency of the Council of the European Union.[16] However, on 8 July 2009 Watson announced that he withdrew his candidacy thus leaving Buzek with only one opponent. The other official candidate wasEva-Britt Svensson, nominated fromEUL-NGL.[17] She campaigned with the slogan "a different voice". She was the first MEP from Sweden to candidate to the position.

In the first vote of the new ParliamentJerzy Buzek (EPP, Poland) was elected Parliament president, winning with 555 votes to 89 votes over his opponentEva-Britt Svensson (EUL-NGL, Sweden).[18]

Eighth European Parliament

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2017

[edit]

At the end ofMartin Schulz's term, the presidency for the remainder of theeighth European Parliament (2014–2019) would have been due by convention to pass to an EPP member. However, the EPP–S&D agreement appeared broken, making it less certain thatAntonio Tajani (EPP, Italy) would be elected president. The other contenders wereGianni Pittella (S&D, Italy),Guy Verhofstadt (ALDE, Belgium),Helga Stevens (ECR, Belgium),Eleonora Forenza (GUE/NGL, Italy) andJean Lambert (Greens/EFA, UK).[19][20] On 17 January 2017, Tajani was elected after four rounds of voting, following the withdrawal of Verhofstadt and declaration of support for the EPP candidate by the ALDE.

Ninth European Parliament

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2019

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The election of the president for the first half of the term of theNinth European Parliament took place on 3 July 2019.[21]David Sassoli (S&D, Italy) was elected as President in the 2nd round of voting.[22]

CandidateGroupBallots
1st Ballot2nd Ballot
David SassoliITAS&D325345
Jan ZahradilCZEECR162160
Ska KellerGERG/EFA133119
Sira RegoESPGUE/NGL4243
Votes cast662667
Votes needed for election332334
Blank or void7337
Voted735704
Source:European Parliament News

2022

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Following various periods of hospitalisation, David Sassoli died on 11 January 2022,[23] one week before the expiry of his term. Roberta Metsola, as First Vice-President, became the acting president.[24]

The election to choose Sassoli's successor took place as previously scheduled on 18 January 2022. The candidates were the acting presidentRoberta Metsola (EPP, Malta),[25]Alice Bah Kuhnke (Greens/EFA, Sweden),[26]Kosma Złotowski (ECR, Poland; withdrew before the vote),[27] andSira Rego (The Left, Spain).[28] Metsola was elected in the first round of voting, having secured an absolute majority of 458 out of votes cast.[29] On her election, Metsola became the youngest president ever,[30] the first Maltese person to hold the office, and the first female president since 2002 (and only third female president ever).[31]

President of the
European Parliament
Roberta Metsola (EPP)
ofMalta Malta
from 18 January 2022
CandidateGroupRemote Ballots
1st Ballot
Roberta MetsolaMLTEPP458
Alice Bah KuhnkeSWEG/EFA101
Sira RegoESPGUE/NGL57
Kosma ZłotowskiPOLECRWithdrew[* 1]
Votes cast616
Votes needed for election309
Blank or void74
Voted690
Source:European Parliament News
  1. ^Kosma Złotowski withdrew his candidacy at the
    beginning of the day's proceedings, prior to the election.

Tenth European Parliament

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2024

[edit]
Main article:2024 Bureau of the European Parliament election

The election for the president of theTenth European Parliament took place on 16 July 2024. Metsola was re-elected on the first ballot with the highest vote total ever for the office.[32]

CandidateGroupBallots
1st Ballot
Roberta MetsolaMLTEPP562
Irene MonteroESPGUE/NGL61
Votes cast623
Votes needed for election312
Blank or void76
Voted699
Source:European Parliament News

List of officeholders

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See also:History of the European Union

The list below includes all presidents as far back as 1952. However the Parliament is ambiguous about whether it sees continuity between the Common Assembly and the post-1958European Communities Parliamentary Assembly. For example, the 50th anniversary of the European Parliament was celebrated in 2008, not 2002 (so Jerzy Buzek would be the 24th president, not the 28th). However, the official portraits of past presidents[33] do start with the first president of the Common Assembly, Paul-Henri Spaak.

Presidents of the Common Assembly

[edit]
N.PortraitPresident
(Born–Died)		StateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectoral mandateRefs
1Paul-Henri Spaak
(1899–1972)		Belgium11 September 195211 May 1954PSB–BSPSocialists–
1 year, 242 days
2Alcide De Gasperi
(1881–1954)		Italy11 May 195419 August 1954[a]DCChristian Democrats–
100 days
3Giuseppe Pella
(1902–1981)		Italy29 November 195427 November 1956DCChristian Democrats–
1 year, 364 days
4Hans Furler
(1904–1975)		West Germany27 November 195619 March 1958CDUChristian Democrats–
1 year, 112 days

Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly

[edit]
N.PortraitPresident
(Born–Died)		StateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectoral mandateRefs
1Robert Schuman
(1886–1963)		France19 March 195818 March 1960MRPChristian Democrats–
1 year, 365 days
2Hans Furler
(1904–1975)		West Germany18 March 196027 March 1962CDUChristian Democrats–
2 years, 9 days

Presidents of the appointed Parliament

[edit]
N.PortraitPresident
(Born–Died)		StateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectoral mandateRefs
1Gaetano Martino
(1900–1967)		Italy27 March 196221 March 1964PLILiberals–
1 year, 360 days
2Jean Duvieusart
(1900–1977)		Belgium21 March 196424 September 1965PSC–CVPChristian Democrats–
1 year, 187 days
3Victor Leemans
(1901–1971)		Belgium24 September 19657 March 1966PSC–CVPChristian Democrats–
164 days
4Alain Poher
(1909–1996)		France7 March 196611 March 1969MRPChristian Democrats–
3 years, 4 days
5Mario Scelba
(1901–1991)		Italy11 March 19699 March 1971DCChristian Democrats–
1 year, 363 days
6Walter Behrendt
(1914–1997)		West Germany9 March 197113 March 1973SPDSocialists–
2 years, 4 days
7Cees Berkhouwer
(1919–1992)		Netherlands13 March 197311 March 1975VVDLiberals–
1 year, 363 days
8Georges Spénale
(1913–1983)		France11 March 19758 March 1977PSSocialists–
1 year, 362 days
9Emilio Colombo
(1920–2013)		Italy8 March 197717 July 1979DCChristian Democrats–
2 years, 131 days

Presidents of the elected Parliament

[edit]
N.PortraitPresident
(Born–Died)		StateTook officeLeft officePartyGroupElectionRefs
1Simone Veil
(1927–2017)		France17 July 197919 January 1982UDFLiberal Democrats1979
2 years, 186 days
2Piet Dankert
(1934–2003)		Netherlands19 January 198224 July 1984PvdASocialists
2 years, 187 days
3Pierre Pflimlin
(1907–2000)		France24 July 198420 January 1987UDF /RPREuropean People's Party1984
2 years, 180 days
4C. Henry Plumb
(1925–2022)		United Kingdom20 January 198725 July 1989ConservativeEuropean Democrats
2 years, 186 days
5Enrique Barón Crespo
(born 1944)		Spain25 July 198921 January 1992PSOESocialists1989
2 years, 180 days
6Egon Klepsch
(1930–2010)		Germany21 January 199219 July 1994CDUEuropean People's Party
2 years, 179 days
7Klaus Hänsch
(born 1938)		Germany19 July 199414 January 1997SPDSocialists1994
2 years, 186 days
8José María Gil-Robles
(1935–2023)		Spain14 January 199720 July 1999PPEuropean People's Party
2 years, 187 days
9Nicole Fontaine
(1942–2018)		France20 July 199915 January 2002UMPEuropean People's Party1999
2 years, 179 days
10Pat Cox
(born 1952)		Ireland15 January 200220 July 2004IndependentLiberal Democrats
2 years, 187 days
11Josep Borrell
(born 1947)		Spain20 July 200416 January 2007PSOESocialists2004
2 years, 180 days
12Hans-Gert Pöttering
(born 1945)		Germany16 January 200714 July 2009CDUEuropean People's Party
2 years, 179 days
13Jerzy Buzek
(born 1940)		Poland14 July 200917 January 2012POEuropean People's Party2009
2 years, 187 days
14Martin Schulz
(born 1955)		Germany17 January 201217 January 2017SPDSocialists & Democrats
5 years, 0 days2014
15Antonio Tajani
(born 1953)		Italy17 January 20173 July 2019FIEuropean People's Party
2 years, 167 days
16David Sassoli
(1956–2022)		Italy3 July 201911 January 2022[a]PDSocialists & Democrats2019
2 years, 192 days
Roberta Metsola was Interim President from 11 to 18 January 2022.
17Roberta Metsola
(born 1979)		Malta18 January 2022IncumbentPNEuropean People's Party
3 years, 281 days2024

Timeline

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See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^abDied in office

References

[edit]
  1. ^English Style Guide: A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission(PDF) (8 ed.). European Commission. October 2019. p. 119. Retrieved2 December 2019.
  2. ^abParliament began either in 1952 with the Common Assembly or 1958 with the Parliamentary Assembly.
  3. ^ab"The President of the European Parliament".Europa. Archived fromthe original on 8 June 2008. Retrieved19 November 2007.
  4. ^ab"Duties of the President".European Parliament. Retrieved12 June 2007.
  5. ^"Parliament's Protocol Service".European Parliament. 28 July 2006. Retrieved28 October 2007.
  6. ^Rettman, Andrew (15 March 2010)Ukraine gives positive appraisal of new-model EU, EU Observer
  7. ^Settembri, Pierpaolo (2 February 2007)."Is the European Parliament competitive or consensual ... "and why bother"?"(PDF). Federal Trust. Retrieved7 October 2007.
  8. ^ab"Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament. Rule 11: Oldest member".European Parliament. Retrieved12 June 2007.
  9. ^"Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament. Rule 13 : Election of President – opening address".European Parliament. Retrieved22 November 2007.
  10. ^"Former E.P. Presidents".European Parliament. Retrieved15 June 2007.
  11. ^"Pole takes EU Parliament chair in 'historic' move | EurActiv".www.euractiv.com. Archived fromthe original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved17 January 2022.
  12. ^"Next EP president to be a Pole?". Brusselsblogger.blogactiv.eu. 22 April 2008. Retrieved16 January 2017.
  13. ^"PES congratulate Martin Schulz on nomination for European Parliament Presidency". Archived fromthe original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved3 December 2011.
  14. ^"Wallis launches bid to be Parliament president". Retrieved30 November 2011.
  15. ^"The man to stop Schulz?". Retrieved3 December 2011.
  16. ^Watson, Graham (7 January 2009)Make me president: The next president of the European parliament should be a Lib Dem, and prove that not all Brits are anti-Europe,The Guardian
  17. ^"GUENGL Press Release". Guengl.eu. Archived fromthe original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved15 March 2010.
  18. ^"News on the Parliament Website". European Parliament. Archived fromthe original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved15 March 2010.
  19. ^"Surprise in the European Parliament: an election campaign".Politico. 12 January 2017.
  20. ^"All you need to know about the election of the new Parliament president". European Parliament. 13 January 2017.
  21. ^Barbière, Cécile (2 July 2019)."EU Parliament re-schedules election of its president". EURACTIV.fr. Retrieved2 July 2019.
  22. ^"MEPs choose David-Maria Sassoli as new European Parliament president".BBC News. 3 July 2019. Retrieved18 January 2022.
  23. ^Andy Bounds in Brussels."European Parliament president David Sassoli dies aged 65".The Irish Times. Retrieved18 January 2022.
  24. ^"EU flags at half-mast after death of parliament speaker Sassoli".France 24. 11 January 2022. Retrieved18 January 2022.
  25. ^"Metsola elected EPP Group candidate for President of Parliament".www.eppgroup.eu.
  26. ^"Greens/EFA Candidate for President of the European Parliament".Greens/EFA.
  27. ^"Who's running to be the European Parliament's next president?".euronews. 17 January 2022.
  28. ^"S&Ds mourn David Sassoli, and continue with the negotiations to elect the Parliament's president for the second half of the mandate".Socialists & Democrats. 11 January 2022.
  29. ^"Roberta Metsola elected new President of the European Parliament | News | European Parliament".www.europarl.europa.eu. 18 January 2022.
  30. ^"Malta's Roberta Metsola elected EU Parliament's third woman president".France 24. 18 January 2022. Retrieved18 January 2022.
  31. ^"Roberta Metsola elected European Parliament president in landslide victory".Times of Malta. 18 January 2022. Retrieved18 January 2022.
  32. ^Xuereb, Mario; Scicluna, Christopher (16 July 2024)."Metsola re-elected European Parliament president with strongest-ever vote". Times of Malta.
  33. ^The official portraits hang on the third floor of the Spaak building in Brussels[citation needed]

External links

[edit]
Common Assembly: 1952–1958
Parliamentary Assembly: 1958–1962
European Parliament (appointed): 1962–1979
European Parliament (elected): 1979–present
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