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List of heads of state of Libya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromPresident of Libya)

Chairman of the Presidential Council of Libya
رئيس المجلس الرئاسي ليبيا
Seal of the Presidential Council of Libya
since 15 March 2021
Government of National Unity
StyleMr. Chairman
His Excellency
StatusHead of state
Member ofPresidential Council
SeatTripoli,Libya
DeputyVice Chairman of the Presidential Council

This article lists theheads of state ofLibya since the country'sindependence in 1951.

Libya has been in a tumultuous state since the start of theArab Spring-relatedLibyan crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of theLibyan Arab Jamahiriya and thekilling ofMuammar Gaddafi, amidst theFirst Civil War and theforeign military intervention.[1][2][3] The crisis was deepened by thefactional violence in theaftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of theSecond Civil War in 2014.[4] The control over the country is currently split between the internationally recognizedGovernment of National Unity (GNU) inTripoli and therivalGovernment of National Stability (GNS)—supported by theHouse of Representatives (HoR)—inTobruk, their respective supporters, as well as variousjihadist groups andtribal elements controlling parts of the country.[5][6]

Heads of state of Libya (1951–present)

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Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)

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No.NamePortraitLifespanReignDynasty
Reign startReign endDuration
1Idris I1889–198324 December 19511 September 196917 years, 251 daysSenussi
The first and only King of Libya. Deposed in the1969 revolution.[7]

Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)

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Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)

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No.NamePortraitLifespanTerm of officePolitical affiliation
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
2Muammar Gaddafi1942–20111 September 19692 March 19777 years, 182 daysMilitary /
Arab Socialist Union
Chairman of theRevolutionary Command Council (RCC). Gaddafi dissolved the RCC on 2 March 1977, after theGeneral People's Congress (GPC) adopted theDeclaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People.[8]
(2)Muammar Gaddafi1942–20112 March 19772 March 19792 yearsMilitary /
Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC. Gaddafi renounced all government functions on 2 March 1979. However, as leader of the revolution (officially "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution"), he retained ultimate control over Libya until he was deposed andkilled during theFirst Civil War in 2011.[9][10][11]
3Abdul Ati al-Obeidi1939–20232 March 19797 January 19811 year, 311 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC. Previously served asSecretary-General of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 1977 to 1979.
4Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajabborn 19407 January 198115 February 19843 years, 39 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC. Afterwards served asSecretary-General of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 1984 to 1986.
5Mifta al-Usta Umar1935–201015 February 19847 October 19906 years, 234 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC. Served at the time of the1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
6Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa1933–20167 October 199018 January 19921 year, 103 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC.
7Muhammad az-Zanati1937[citation needed]–202518 January 19923 March 200816 years, 45 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC.
8Miftah Muhammed K'ebaborn 1947[citation needed]3 March 20085 March 20091 year, 2 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC.
9Imbarek Shamekhborn 19525 March 2009[12]26 January 2010327 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC. Previously served asSecretary-General of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister), from 2000 to 2003.
10Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwaiborn 195226 January 2010[13]23 August 20111 year, 209 daysIndependent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPC. Served at the time of theFirst Civil War and the concurrentforeign military intervention. Deposed during theBattle of Tripoli.

Transitional period (2011–present)

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11Mustafa Abdul Jalilborn 19525 March 20118 August 20121 year, 156 daysIndependent
Chairman of theNational Transitional Council (NTC). In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based inBenghazi during this period.
—Mohammed Ali Salim1935–20228 August 20129 August 20121 dayIndependent
Acting President of theGeneral National Congress (GNC). Symbolic head of state for the handover of power from the NTC.
12Mohammed Magariafborn 19409 August 201228 May 2013292 daysNational Front Party
President of the GNC. Resigned to comply with thePolitical Isolation Law passed by the GNC on 14 May 2013.
—Giuma Ahmed Atighaborn 195028 May 201325 June 201328 daysIndependent
Acting President of the GNC.
13Nouri Abusahmainborn 195625 June 20135 April 20162 years, 285 daysIndependent
President of the GNC. In rebellion, based inTripoli. Internationally recognized until 4 August 2014.
Following the2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-electedHouse of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing GNC, resulting in theSecond Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by theSupreme Court in November 2014.[14]
—Abu Bakr Bairaborn 19414 August 20145 August 20141 dayIndependent
Acting President of theHouse of Representatives (HoR). Symbolic head of state for the handover of power from the GNC.
14Aguila Saleh Issaborn 19445 August 201415 March 20216 years, 222 daysIndependent
President of the HoR. In rebellion, based inTobruk. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016.
Following the inauguration of thePresidential Council and theGovernment of National Accord (GNA), the government remained split between the HoR and theNational Salvation Government (NSG), recreated after the2016 coup attempt. Afterwards, the High Council of the Revolution was created as well. However, theHigh Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
15Fayez al-Sarrajborn 196030 March 201615 March 20214 years, 350 daysIndependent
Chairman of thePresidential Council. Simultaneously served asPrime Minister of theGovernment of National Accord (GNA). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
16Mohamed al-Menfiborn 197615 March 2021Incumbent4 years, 257 daysIndependent
Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.

Timeline

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Incoming election

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Main article:Next Libyan presidential election

See also

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Arab LeagueMember State of the Arab League

Legislature
Judiciary
flagLibya portal

References

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  1. ^"Libya mired in chaos 10 years after Arab Spring".Agence France-Presse.France 24. 10 February 2021. Retrieved14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^"10 years since Kadhafi death, stability still eludes Libya".Agence France-Presse.France 24. 19 October 2021. Retrieved14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^"Feature: Libyans struggling in poverty, chaos 10 years after NATO intervention".Xinhua News Agency. 7 May 2021. Retrieved14 February 2022.
  4. ^"Libya's Second Civil War: How did it come to this?".Conflict News. Archived fromthe original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved22 March 2015.
    National Post View (24 February 2015)."National Post View: Stabilizing Libya may be the best way to keep Europe safe".National Post. Retrieved22 March 2015.
  5. ^Pelham, Nicolas (February 2015)."Libya Against Itself".The New York Review of Books. Retrieved18 February 2015.
  6. ^Fadel, L."Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions".Archived 2015-04-26 at theWayback Machine
  7. ^"KING IDRIS, OUSTED IN '69 BY QADDAFI, DIES IN CAIRO".The New York Times. AP. 26 May 1983. Retrieved28 December 2021.
  8. ^"Libya Reorganizes Government".The New York Times. 4 March 1977. Retrieved28 December 2021.
  9. ^Wynne-Jones, Jonathan (19 March 2011)."Libyan minister claims Gaddafi is powerless and the ceasefire is 'solid'".The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved22 October 2011.
  10. ^"Gaddafi: Libya dignity under attack".Al Jazeera. 2 March 2011. Retrieved22 October 2011.Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi has said that he is not a president and so cannot resign his position, and that power is in the hands of the people, during a televised public rally in the capital, Tripoli.
  11. ^Neil MacFarquhar (20 October 2011)."An Erratic Leader, Brutal and Defiant to the End".The New York Times. Retrieved28 December 2021.
  12. ^"Limited Reshuffle in GP Congress, GP Committee".The Tripoli Post. 6 March 2009. Archived fromthe original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved1 January 2021.
  13. ^"Friend of Gaddafi named to head Libyan parliament".afran.ir. 27 January 2010. Retrieved1 January 2021.
  14. ^"Libya court 'invalidates' parliament".BBC News. 6 November 2014.Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved21 June 2018 – via BBC.

External links

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