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President of Harvard University

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Head of Harvard University

President of Harvard University
Incumbent
Alan Garber
since January 2, 2024 (2024-01-02)
AppointerHarvard Corporation
Formation1640 (1640)
First holderHenry Dunster
Websiteharvard.edu/president/

Thepresident of Harvard University is the chiefadministrator ofHarvard University and theex officio president of theHarvard Corporation.[1] Each is appointed by and is responsible to the other members of that body, who delegate to the president the day-to-day running of the university.

Harvard's current president isAlan Garber, who took office on January 2, 2024, following the resignation ofClaudine Gay. In August 2024, the Harvard Corporation announced he would be in the position until mid-2027.[2]

Role

[edit]

The president plays an important part in university-wide planning and strategy. Each names a faculty'sdean (and, since the foundation of the office in 1994, the university'sprovost), and grantstenure to recommended professors. However, the president is expected to make such decisions after extensive consultation with faculty members.

Recently, however, the job has become increasingly administrative, especially as fund-raising campaigns have taken on central importance in large institutions such as Harvard. Some have criticized this trend to the extent it has prevented the president from focusing on substantive issues in higher education.[3]

Each president is professor in some department of the university and teaches from time to time.

The university maintains an official residence for the president's use, which from 1912 until 1971, wasPresident's House, and since then has beenElmwood.[4]

Influence

[edit]
Five Harvard University presidents, sitting in order of when they served. Left-to-right:Josiah Quincy III,Edward Everett,Jared Sparks,James Walker andCornelius Conway Felton.

Harvard presidents have traditionally influenced educational practices nationwide.Charles W. Eliot, for example, originated America's familiar system of a smorgasbord of elective courses available to each student;James B. Conant worked to introduce standardized testing;Derek Bok andNeil L. Rudenstine argued for the continued importance of diversity in higher education.

History

[edit]

At Harvard's founding it was headed by a "schoolmaster",Nathaniel Eaton. In 1640, whenHenry Dunster was brought in, he adopted the title of president. Since Harvard was founded for the training ofPuritan clergy, and even though its mission was soon broadened, nearly all presidents through the end of the 18th century were in holy orders.

All presidents from Leonard Hoar in 1672 through Nathan Pusey in 1971 were graduates ofHarvard College. Of the presidents since Pusey, nearly all earned a graduate degree at Harvard. The only exception has beenDrew Gilpin Faust, who was the first president since the seventeenth century with no earned Harvard degree.

Presidents of Harvard

[edit]

The following persons have served as president of Harvard University:[5]

No.ImagePresidentsTerm startTerm endLengthRef.
Headmaster of the New College (1637–1639)
Nathaniel Eaton[a]163716392 years[6]
Presidents of Harvard College (1639–1780)
1Henry Dunster[b]August 27, 1640October 24, 165414 years, 1 month and 27 days[7]
2Charles ChauncyNovember 2, 1654February 19, 1672[c]17 years, 3 months and 17 days[8]
3Leonard Hoar[d]December 10, 1672March 15, 16752 years, 3 months and 5 days[9]
actingUrian OakesApril 7, 1675February 2, 16804 years, 9 months and 26 days
4February 2, 1680July 25, 1681[c]1 year, 5 months and 23 days[10][8]
5John RogersApril 10, 1682July 12, 1684[c]2 years, 3 months and 2 days[11][12][8]
actingIncrease Mather[e]June 11, 1685June 23, 16861 year and 12 days
rectorJune 23, 1686June 27, 16926 years and 4 days
6June 27, 1692June 29, 17019 years and 2 days[13][8]
actingSamuel Willard[f]September 6, 1701September 12, 17076 years and 6 days[14]
7John Leverett[g]January 14, 1708May 3, 1724[c]16 years, 3 months and 19 days[8][15]
8Benjamin WadsworthJuly 7, 1725March 16, 1737[c]11 years, 8 months and 9 days[12][8]
9Edward Holyoke[h]17371769[c]32 years[12][8]
actingJohn Winthrop[i]17691769[16]
10Samuel Locke[j]May 21, 1770December 1, 17733 years, 6 months and 10 days[17][1]
actingJohn Winthrop[k]17731774[18]
11Samuel Langdon[l]July 18, 1774August 30, 17806 years, 1 month and 12 days[8][19]
Presidents of Harvard University (1780–present)
actingEdward Wigglesworth17801781[2]
12Joseph WillardSeptember 5, 1781September 25, 1804[c]23 years and 20 days[20]
actingEliphalet Pearson18041806
13Samuel WebberMay 6, 1806July 17, 1810[c]4 years, 2 months and 11 days[21]
actingHenry Ware18101810[3]
14John Thornton Kirkland[m]November 14, 1810April 2, 182817 years, 4 months and 19 days[4]
actingHenry Ware18281829[5]
15Josiah Quincy IIIJanuary 29, 1829August 27, 184516 years, 6 months and 29 days[22]
16Edward Everett[n]February 5, 1846February 1, 18482 years, 11 months and 27 days[23]
17Jared SparksFebruary 1, 1849February 10, 18534 years and 9 days[24]
18James WalkerFebruary 10, 1853January 26, 18606 years, 11 months and 16 days[25]
19Cornelius Conway FeltonFebruary 16, 1860February 26, 1862[c]2 years and 10 days[26]
actingAndrew Preston Peabody18621862
20Thomas HillOctober 6, 1862September 30, 18685 years, 11 months and 24 days[27]
actingAndrew Preston Peabody18681869[28]
21Charles William Eliot[o]March 12, 1869May 19, 190940 years, 2 months and 7 days[29][30][31][32]
actingHenry Pickering Walcott[p]19001901[33]
19051905
22A. Lawrence LowellMay 19, 1909June 21, 193324 years, 1 month and 2 days[34][35]
23James B. Conant[q]1933195319 years, 6 months and 22 days[36]
24Nathan Pusey[r]June 1, 1953June 30, 197118 years and 29 days.[37][38]
25Derek BokJuly 1, 1971June 30, 199119 years, 11 months and 29 days[39]
actingHenry Rosovsky[s]19841984[40]
19871987[41][42]
26Neil RudenstineJuly 1, 1991June 30, 20019 years, 11 months and 29 days[43][44]
actingAlbert Carnesale[t]November 29, 1994February 1995[45][46][47][48]
27Lawrence Summers[u]July 1, 2001June 30, 20064 years, 11 months and 29 days[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]
interimDerek BokJuly 1, 2006June 30, 200711 months and 29 days[59][8]
28Drew Gilpin Faust[v]July 1, 2007June 30, 201810 years, 11 months and 29 days[8][60][61]
29Lawrence BacowJuly 1, 2018June 30, 20234 years, 11 months and 29 days[8][62][63]
30Claudine Gay[w]July 1, 2023January 2, 20246 months and 1 day[64][65]
interimAlan GarberJanuary 2, 2024August 2, 20247 months[66][67]
31August 2, 2024present1 year, 3 months and 26 days[68]

Table notes:

  1. ^Referred to as "schoolmaster" ofHarvard College
    Fired for "embezzlement and beating students"
  2. ^Forced to resign for speaking out against and interruptinginfant baptisms
  3. ^abcdefghiDied in office
  4. ^Forced to resign
  5. ^Forced to resign for refusing to reside inCambridge.
  6. ^Resigned due to illness
  7. ^First lawyer to serve as president.
  8. ^At 79, the oldest president.
  9. ^Declined presidency on a permanent basis on grounds of old age.
  10. ^Resigned after fathering a child out of wedlock.
  11. ^Declined presidency again on a permanent basis on grounds of old age
  12. ^Students petitioned the Corporation to dismiss him and he resigned.
  13. ^Suffered a stroke, was accused of financial mismanagement by theHarvard Corporation, and resigned
  14. ^Later becameUnited States Secretary of State andUnited States Senator.
  15. ^At 35, the youngest president. Longest term of office.
  16. ^For a portion of 1900-1901 and 1905,Henry Pickering Walcott served as acting president while Eliot was on vacation.
  17. ^Retired to becomeAllied High Commissioner for Occupied Germany and laterU.S. ambassador to Germany
  18. ^"Pusey called in the Cambridge police to end astudent sit-in" in 1969. "Sharply criticized for his handling of the situation, he announced in 1970 that he would retire the following year"
  19. ^served as acting president in 1984 and 1987 when Bok traveled and took brief sabbaticals.
  20. ^Provost Albert Carnesale served as acting president during Rudenstine's medical leave of absence.
  21. ^FirstJewish president. Resigned following several clashes with faculty resulting in a no-confidence vote.
  22. ^First female president
  23. ^First black president. Shortest serving president; resigned followingcongressional hearings intoantisemitism on campus and multiple allegations ofplagiarism.

Timeline of Harvard University presidential terms

[edit]
Presidents of Harvard University

References

[edit]
  1. ^Central AdministrationArchived November 23, 2011, at theWayback Machine Governance of the University, from Office of the Provost
  2. ^"Harvard Keeps Alan Garber as President Through Mid-2027".Bloomberg.com. August 2, 2024. RetrievedAugust 9, 2024.
  3. ^Lee, Richard S. (March 10, 2001)."An Empty Chair at Harvard (Op-Ed)".The New York Times. RetrievedOctober 17, 2007.
  4. ^Graff, Garrett M.; Miller, Andrew J. (October 14, 2001)."33 Elmwood".The Harvard Crimson.ISSN 1932-4219.Archived from the original on June 21, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  5. ^"History of the Presidency". Harvard University.
  6. ^Graff, Garrett M. (September–October 2002)."John Harvard's Journal: Of Religious Education and Rotten Cabbage".The Harvard Magazine. RetrievedMarch 18, 2024.
  7. ^"Harvard's First President – Et Seq: The Harvard Law School Library Blog".etseq.law.harvard.edu. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2024.
  8. ^abcdefghijkPresident, Harvard University."History of the Presidency".Harvard University President. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2024.
  9. ^Mather, Cotton (1702).Magnalia Christi Americana: or, The ecclesiastical history of New-England, from its first planting in the year 1620. unto the year of Our Lord, 1698. In seven books ... John Adams Library at the Boston Public Library. London: Printed for Thomas Parkhurst, at the Bible and three crowns in Cheapside.
  10. ^"Papers of Urian Oakes".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  11. ^"Harvard College Records Volume 15 Part 1".Colonial Society of Massachusetts.Archived from the original on September 7, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  12. ^abc"Harvard Presidents Throughout History".The Harvard Gazette.Harvard University. March 15, 2001.ISSN 0364-7692.Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  13. ^"Biographical Notes on Increase Mather".Colonial Society of Massachusetts.Archived from the original on September 24, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  14. ^"Resolution Relating to Samuel Willard and the College".Colonial Society of Massachusetts.Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  15. ^"Papers of John Leverett, 1652-1730".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  16. ^"Papers of John and Hannah Winthrop".HOLLIS for Archival Discovery. 1728–1779. RetrievedDecember 24, 2024.
  17. ^Chase, Theodore (March 1980)."Harvard Student Disorders in 1770".The New England Quarterly.61 (1): 30.doi:10.2307/365219.JSTOR 365219.
  18. ^"Papers of John and Hannah Winthrop". Harvard University.
  19. ^Proctor, Donald J. (December 1977)."John Hancock: New Soundings on an Old Barrel".The Journal of American History.64 (3):663–664.doi:10.2307/1887235.ISSN 0021-8723.JSTOR 1887235.
  20. ^Harvard Corporation."Corporation records volume 3, May 5, 1778-August 31, 1795".Harvard Library. p. 137. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  21. ^"Papers of Samuel Webber".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  22. ^"Papers of Josiah Quincy, 1811-1874".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  23. ^"Papers of Edward Everett".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  24. ^"Papers of Jared Sparks, 1820-1861, 1866".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  25. ^"Papers of James Walker".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  26. ^"Papers of Cornelius Conway Felton, 1841-1877".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  27. ^"Papers of Thomas Hill".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  28. ^"Rev. Thomas Hill Dead".The Harvard Crimson. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  29. ^"Papers of Charles William Eliot, 1807-1945".Harvard Library. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  30. ^"Charles W Eliot".National Park Service. February 11, 2022.Archived from the original on September 21, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  31. ^"Charles William Eliot: A Paradoxical Racial Legacy".Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  32. ^"Charles W. Eliot".The Harvard Crimson. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  33. ^"Dr. Walcott Acting President".The Harvard Crimson. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  34. ^"Lowell Harvard's Head.; New President of University Takes His Place at Dr. Eliot's Desk".The New York Times. May 20, 1909. p. 6.ISSN 0362-4331.
  35. ^"Lowell's Passing Marks End of Era; Retirement of President of Harvard Comes After Twenty-four Years. His Incumbency Weighed Doubled the Enrolment, Increased Endowment and Expanded Buildings".The New York Times. June 25, 1933. pp. 1, 8.ISSN 0362-4331.
  36. ^"James B. Conant Is Dead at 84; Harvard President for 20 Years".The New York Times.Associated Press. February 12, 1978. p. 1.ISSN 0362-4331.
  37. ^"Nathan Pusey | Harvard President, Philanthropist, Educator".Encyclopædia Britannica. November 10, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 8, 2024.
  38. ^Fenton, John H. (June 2, 1953)."Harvard Elects Dr. N. M. Pusey, Midwest Educator, as President; Lawrence College Head, 46, Has 3 Degrees From University – Favors Humanities Study Harvard Appoints Iowan President".The New York Times. p. 1.ISSN 0362-4331.
  39. ^Howe, Peter J. (November 10, 1984)."Bok's Past--and Future".The Harvard Crimson.ISSN 1932-4219.Archived from the original on January 3, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 3, 2024.
  40. ^Abramowitz, Michael J. (September 13, 1984)."While You Were Out".The Harvard Crimson.
  41. ^"Henry Rosovsky, former acting University president, FAS dean, dead at 95".Harvard Gazette. November 16, 2022. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  42. ^"Henry Rosovsky, Former Harvard FAS Dean, Remembered for Contributions to Undergrad Education and African American Studies".The Harvard Crimson. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  43. ^Tucker, Maggie S. (September 11, 1991)."Appointments to Make, Appointments to Keep".The Harvard Crimson.
  44. ^"Rudenstine leaving presidency in 2001".The Harvard Gazette. May 25, 2000.ISSN 0364-7692.Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  45. ^Butterfield, Fox (March 7, 1997)."Dismay at Harvard as Provost Decides to Move".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  46. ^"Rudenstine Takes Leave".The Harvard Crimson. November 29, 1994.
  47. ^Bangs, Elizabeth T.; Gammill, Marion B. (November 29, 1994)."Acting President Carnesale Known for Administrative Skill".The Harvard Crimson.
  48. ^Rimer, Sara (February 19, 1995)."President Of Harvard Is Ready To Return".The New York Times.
  49. ^YUNewsDirector of the National Economic Council, Dr. Lawrence H. Summers, is Keynote Speaker at Yeshiva University's Annual Hanukkah Dinner and Convocation on December 13, November 18, 2009
  50. ^The Harvard CrimsonHarvard's First Jewish President, March 8, 2006
  51. ^The Harvard CrimsonDid Summers' Faith Affect His Fall?, March 3, 2006
  52. ^The Harvard CrimsonA Milestone of Faith, October 14, 2001
  53. ^"Lawrence Summers".Jewish Virtual Library.Archived from the original on May 31, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  54. ^Finder, Alan; Healy, Patrick D.; Zernike, Kate (February 22, 2006)."President of Harvard Resigns, Ending Stormy 5-Year Tenure".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2024.
  55. ^"Summers Resigns: Shortest Term Since Civil War; Bok Will Be Interim Chief".The Harvard Crimson. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2024.
  56. ^Golden, Daniel; Stecklow, Steve (February 22, 2006)."Facing War With His Faculty, Harvard's Summers Resigns".The Wall Street Journal.ISSN 0099-9660. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2024.
  57. ^Fogg, Piper (February 17, 2006)."Harvard President to Face Second Vote of No Confidence Amid Renewed Calls for His Resignation".The Chronicle of Higher Education. RetrievedJanuary 5, 2024.
  58. ^"Summers to step down as president at end of academic year".The Harvard Crimson. February 23, 2006.
  59. ^"Derek Bok".ethics.harvard.edu. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  60. ^"First Female Harvard President Discusses Priorities and Goals". PBS. February 12, 2007. RetrievedMarch 15, 2020.
  61. ^Bhayani, Paras D.; Guehenno, Claire M. (February 11, 2007)."Faust Confirmed as 28th President".The Harvard Gazette.
  62. ^Hartocollis, Anemona (February 11, 2018)."Harvard Chooses Lawrence Bacow as Its Next President".The New York Times. RetrievedFebruary 13, 2018.
  63. ^"Harvard names Lawrence S. Bacow as 29th president".The Harvard Gazette.Harvard University. February 11, 2018.
  64. ^"Harvard names Claudine Gay 30th president".The Harvard Gazette.Harvard University. December 15, 2022.ISSN 0364-7692.Archived from the original on December 15, 2022. RetrievedDecember 15, 2022.
  65. ^"Harvard President resigns after antisemitism hearing and plagiarism probe".Axios.com.Axios. January 2, 2024.
  66. ^Mangan, Dan (January 2, 2024)."Harvard University President Claudine Gay resigns amid plagiarism claims".CNBC.Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  67. ^"Harvard President Claudine Gay steps down".The Harvard Gazette.Harvard University.ISSN 0364-7692.Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2024.
  68. ^"Alan Garber '76 to Serve as Harvard's 31st President Until June 2027".The Harvard Crimson. RetrievedAugust 2, 2024.

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