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President of Guatemala

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Head of state and government of Guatemala
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President of the
Republic of Guatemala
Presidente de la República de Guatemala
since 14 January 2024
Office of the President of Guatemala
National Security Council
StyleMost Excellent Mr. President of the Republic
(official)
Mr. President
(informal)
StatusHead of state
Head of government
Member ofCabinet
ResidenceCasa Crema
SeatGuatemala City
AppointerSupreme Electoral Court
Term lengthFour years
non renewable
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Guatemala (1986)
Inaugural holderMariano Rivera Paz
FormationDecember 3, 1839
(185 years ago) (1839-12-03)
DeputyVice President of Guatemala
Salary146,950GTQ monthly
($18,863 as of May 2023)[1]
Websitewww.presidencia.gob.gt
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This article is part ofa series on
Politics of Guatemala
Legislature

  • Leadership
  • 1st Vice President Darwin Lucas Paiz
  • 2nd Vice President César Amézquita
  • 3rd Vice President Nery Rodas
  • President Oscar Cruz Oliva
  • Sagastume
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  • Padilla
  • Coyoy
  • Duarte
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  • Roca
  • Calderón
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  • Carillo
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  • President Héctor Hugo Pérez Aguilera
  • Contreras
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  • Recent Elections
  • Administrative divisions
flagGuatemala portal

Thepresident of Guatemala (Spanish:Presidente de Guatemala), officially titledPresident of the Republic of Guatemala (Spanish:Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is thehead of state andhead of government ofGuatemala, elected to a single four-year term. The position of President was created in 1839.

Selection process

[edit]

Eligibility

[edit]

Article 185 of the Constitution, sets the following requirements to qualify for the presidency:

  • be Guatemalan of origin who is a citizen in good standing;
  • be at least 40 years old.

A person who meets the above qualifications would, however, still be disqualified from holding the office of president if the individual:

  • Was the leader or the head of acoup d'état, armed revolution, or similar movement, that had altered the constitutional order, and as a result of their actions became the Head of Government;
  • Exercised the role of President or Vice President during an election, or at any point within the presidential period in which elections are conducted.
  • Are relatives of the incumbent president or vice president prior to the succeeding election;
  • Served as aMinister within the government, for any time in the six months before the election;
  • Served as a member of theArmed Forces unless they are on leave or have been in retirement for at least five years before the election;
  • Are ministers of any religion or cult;
  • Are magistrates of theSupreme Electoral Tribunal.

Term Limit

[edit]

The President serves a four-year term and is prohibited from seeking re-election or extending their tenure. Moreover, a person who held the position of president for more than two years is barred from running for office again.

Executive powers

[edit]

Article 183 of the Constitution, confers the following duties and competencies to the president:

  • Comply with and enforce the Constitution and laws.
  • Provide the defense and security of the Nation, as well as the preservation of public order.
  • Exercise the command of theArmed Forces of Guatemala with all the respective functions and attributions.
  • Exercise the command of the National Police.
  • Approve, promulgate, execute and enforce laws.
  • Dictate the provisions that are necessary in cases of serious emergency or public calamity, having to report to theCongress in its immediate sessions.
  • Submit proposals of laws to the Congress.
  • Exercise the right of veto with respect to the laws issued by the Congress, except in cases in which it is not necessary to sanction the executive branch in accordance with the Constitution.
  • Present annually to the Congress, at the beginning of its session, written report on the general situation of the Republic and of the business of its administration carried out during the previous year.
  • Submit annually to the Congress, for approval with no less than one hundred and twenty days prior to the date on which the fiscal year begins, through the Ministry of Public Finance, the draft budget that contains in detail the income and expenditures of the State. If the Congress is not in session, it must hold extraordinary sessions to hear about the project.
  • Submit for consideration of the Congress for approval, and before ratification, treaties and conventions of international character and contracts and concessions on public services.
  • To summon the Legislative Organism to extraordinary sessions when the interests of the Republic demand it.
  • Coordinate the development policy of the Nation through the Council of Ministers.
  • Preside over the Council of Ministers and exercise the function of hierarchical superior of the officials and employees of the Executive Organism.
  • Maintain the territorial integrity and dignity of the Nation.
  • Direct foreign policy and international relations, pronounce, ratify and denounce treaties and agreements in accordance with the Constitution.
  • Receive the diplomatic representatives, as well as issue and withdraw the exequatur to the patents of the consuls.
  • Administer public finances in accordance with the law.
  • Exonerate of fines and surcharges to the taxpayers who have incurred in them for not covering the taxes within the legal terms for acts or omissions in the administrative order.
  • Appoint and remove ministers of state, deputy ministers, secretaries and undersecretaries of the presidency, ambassadors and other officials that correspond to it according to the law.
  • Grant premiums, pensions and subsidies in accordance with the Law.
  • Award decorations to Guatemalans and foreigners.
  • Within the fifteen days following its conclusion, inform the Congress about the purpose of any trip that has taken place outside the national territory and about the results thereof.
  • Submit every four months to the Congress through the respective ministry an analytical report on the budget execution, for its knowledge and control.
  • Exercise all other functions assigned by the Constitution or the law.

Vacancies and succession

[edit]

Article 189 of the Constitution establishes the presidential line of succession. If the president is temporarily absent, the vice president takes over the presidency. If the absence of the President is permanent, the vice president holds the presidency until the end of the constitutional period. In the event of a double vacancy, Congress has the authority to designate an acting president by a vote of two-thirds of the total number of deputies.

Presidents of Guatemala

[edit]

Note: Regarding the numbering of the terms, several reliable sources state that Jimmy Morales is the 50th president[2][3][4]

State of Guatemala (1839–1847)

[edit]
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1Mariano Rivera Paz
(1804–1849)		3 December 183925 February 18422 years, 84 daysConservative—
2José Venancio López
(1791–1863)
Acting		25 February 184214 May 184278 daysIndependent—
3Mariano Rivera Paz
(1804–1849)		14 May 184214 December 18442 years, 214 daysConservative—
4Rafael Carrera
(1814–1865)		14 December 184416 August 18483 years, 246 daysConservative—

Republic from Carrera to the Liberal Revolution (1847–1871)

[edit]
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
4Rafael Carrera
(1814–1865)		14 December 184416 August 18483 years, 246 daysConservative—
5Juan Antonio Martínez
(?–1854)
Acting		16 August 184828 November 1848104 daysConservative—
6José Bernardo Escobar
(1797–1849)
Acting		28 November 18481 January 184934 daysConservative—
7Mariano Paredes
(1800–1856)
Acting		1 January 18496 November 18512 years, 309 daysIndependent
(Affiliated with theConservative)		—
8Rafael Carrera
(1814–1865)		6 November 185114 April 186513 years, 159 daysConservative—
9Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol
(1802–1897)
Acting		14 April 186524 May 186540 daysConservative—
10Vicente Cerna Sandoval
(1815–1885)		24 May 186529 June 18716 years, 36 daysConservative—

Liberal period (1871–1944)

[edit]
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
11Miguel García Granados
(1809–1878)		29 June 18714 June 18731 year, 340 daysLiberal—
12Justo Rufino Barrios
(1835–1885)		4 June 18732 April 188511 years, 302 daysLiberal1873
1880
13Alejandro M. Sinibaldi
(1825–1896)
Acting		2 April 18855 April 18853 daysLiberal—
14Manuel Barillas
(1845–1907)		6 April 188515 March 18926 years, 345 daysLiberal—
15José María Reina Barrios
(1854–1898)		15 March 18928 February 18985 years, 330 daysLiberal1892
16Manuel Estrada Cabrera
(1857–1924)		8 February 189815 April 192022 years, 67 daysLiberal1898
1904
1910
1916
17Carlos Herrera
(1856–1930)		15 April 192010 December 19211 year, 239 daysUnionist Party1920 (Apr)
1920 (Aug)
18José María Orellana
(1872–1926)		10 December 192126 September 19264 years, 290 daysLiberal1921
1922
19Lázaro Chacón González
(1873–1931)		26 September 192612 December 19304 years, 77 daysUnionist Party1926
—Baudilio Palma
(1880–1930)
Acting		13 December 193017 December 19304 daysConservative—
—Manuel María Orellana Contreras
(1870–1940)
De facto		17 December 19302 January 193116 daysLiberal—
20José María Reina Andrade
(1860–1947)
Acting		2 January 193114 February 193143 daysLiberal—
21Jorge Ubico
(1878–1946)		14 February 19311 July 194413 years, 138 daysProgressive Liberal Party1931
22Juan Federico Ponce Vaides
(1889–1956)
Acting		4 July 194420 October 1944108 daysProgressive Liberal PartyJuly 1944

Ten-Year Revolution (1944–1954)

[edit]

The authoritarian regime of Jorge Ubico, which persisted since 1931, was overthrown by a revolution known as the  "Ten Years of Spring" on 4 July 1944. After more than a month of mass student and trade union protests, Ubico resigned and fled to Mexico, transferring powers to hisFirst Deputy, Federico Ponce Vaides. Presidential elections were held on4 July 1944, which declared Ponce as the president. However, the opposition rejected the results, and as a result, on 20 October 1944, a group of young officers overthrew Ponce, creating a military-civilian government called theRevolutionary Government Junta. A new constitution was adopted and elections were held, which resulted in the victory ofJuan José Arévalo in1944 andJacobo Árbenz in1950. During this period, Guatemala underwent numerous social and economic reforms, includinglarge-scale land reform.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
23Revolutionary Government Junta20 October 194415 March 1945146 daysMilitary—
24Juan José Arévalo
(1904–1990)		15 March 194515 March 19516 yearsRevolutionary Action Party1944
25Jacobo Árbenz
(1913–1971)		15 March 195127 June 1954
(Deposed)		3 years, 104 daysRevolutionary Action Party /
Party of the Guatemalan Revolution		1950

Military governments (1954–1958)

[edit]

Upon presenting his resignation, Jacobo Árbenz left ColonelCarlos Enrique Díaz, head of theArmed Forces, in charge of the presidency. Diaz's first measure was the integration of a provisional government board which he led alongside ColonelsElfego H. Monzón andJosé Ángel Sánchez. On 29 June, Díaz was forced to resign, leading to Monzón succeeding as the new chairman of the board. Monzón would assemble a new governing board and incorporate ColonelCastillo Armas,Juan Mauricio Dubois,Jose Luis Cruz Salazar, andEnrique Oliva.

The new board would dissolve after a popular plebiscite held on10 October 1954 would allow Colonel Castillo Armas to assume the presidency. Under Armas' mandate, several reforms implemented during theGuatemalan Revolution were suspended, and political opponents, as well as unions and peasant organizations, were persecuted. Armas' assassination on 26 July 1957, would promptCongress to appointLuis Arturo González as acting president and condition him to call for elections within four months.

The planned election was held on20 October 1957, but the results were later nullified due to allegations of fraud. President González would resign and cede power to a provisional governing board led byÓscar Mendoza Azurdia,Gonzalo Yurrita Nova, andRoberto Lorenzana. The new board would govern for two days before Congress would appoint ColonelGuillermo Flores Avendaño as acting president. President Avendaño would call for elections inJanuary 1958.

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
26Carlos Enrique Díaz de León
(1915–2014)
Provisional President		27 June 195429 June 19542 daysMilitary—
27Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre
(1912–1981)
Chairman of Military Junta		29 June 19548 July 19549 daysNational Liberation Movement—
28Carlos Castillo Armas
(1914–1957)		8 July 195426 July 19573 years, 18 daysNational Liberation Movement1954
29Luis Arturo González López
(1900–1965)
Acting		27 July 195724 October 195789 daysNational Liberation Movement—
30Óscar Mendoza Azurdia
(1917–1995)
Chairman of Military Junta		24 October 195726 October 19572 daysMilitary—
31Guillermo Flores Avendaño
(1894–1982)
Acting		26 October 19572 March 1958129 daysMilitary—

Civil War period (1958–1996)

[edit]
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
32Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes
(1895–1982)		2 March 195831 March 1963
(Deposed)		5 years, 29 daysMilitary /
REDENCION		1958
33Enrique Peralta Azurdia
(1908–1997)		31 March 19631 July 19663 years, 92 daysInstitutional Democratic Party—
34Julio César Méndez Montenegro
(1915–1996)		1 July 19661 July 19704 yearsRevolutionary Party1966
35Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio
(1918–2003)		1 July 19701 July 19744 yearsInstitutional Democratic Party1970
36Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García
(1930–2009)		1 July 19741 July 19784 yearsInstitutional Democratic Party1974
37Fernando Romeo Lucas García
(1924–2006)		1 July 197823 March 1982
(Deposed)		3 years, 265 daysInstitutional Democratic Party1978
38Efraín Ríos Montt
(1926–2018)		23 March 19828 August 1983
(Deposed)		1 year, 138 daysMilitary—
39Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores
(1930–2016)		8 August 198314 January 19862 years, 159 daysMilitary—
40Vinicio Cerezo
(born 1942)		14 January 198614 January 19915 yearsGuatemalan Christian Democracy1985
41Jorge Serrano Elías
(born 1945)		14 January 19911 June 1993
(Resigned)		2 years, 138 daysSolidarity Action Movement1990
42Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero
(1946–2024)
Acting		1 June 19935 June 19934 daysSolidarity Action Movement—
43Ramiro de León Carpio
(1942–2002)		6 June 199314 January 19962 years, 222 daysIndependent1993

Contemporary period (1996–present)

[edit]
No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)		Term of officePolitical partyElected
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
44Álvaro Arzú
(1946–2018)		14 January 199614 January 20004 yearsNational Advancement Party /
Unionist Party		1995–1996
45Alfonso Portillo
(born 1951)		14 January 200014 January 20044 yearsGuatemalan Republican Front1999
46Óscar Berger
(born 1946)		14 January 200414 January 20084 yearsNational Solidarity Party /
Grand National Alliance		2003
47Álvaro Colom
(1951–2023)		14 January 200814 January 20124 yearsNational Unity of Hope2007
48Otto Pérez Molina
(born 1950)		14 January 20123 September 2015
(Resigned)		3 years, 232 daysPatriotic Party /
Grand National Alliance		2011
49Alejandro Maldonado
(born 1936)
Acting		3 September 201514 January 2016133 daysIndependent—
50Jimmy Morales
(born 1969)		14 January 201614 January 20204 yearsNational Convergence Front2015
51Alejandro Giammattei
(born 1956)		14 January 202014 January 20244 yearsVamos2019
52Bernardo Arévalo
(born 1958)		14 January 2024Incumbent
(Term ends on 14 January 2028)		1 year, 285 daysSemilla2023

Timeline

[edit]

Latest election

[edit]
Main article:2023 Guatemalan general election
CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Sandra TorresRomeo GuerraNational Unity of Hope881,59220.981,567,66439.09
Bernardo ArévaloKarin HerreraSemilla654,53415.582,442,71860.91
Manuel CondeLuis Antonio SuárezVamos435,63110.37
Armando CastilloÉdgar GrisoliaVision with Values404,0599.61
Edmond MuletMáximo Santa CruzCabal371,8578.85
Zury RíosHéctor CifuentesValor–Unionist365,0288.69
Manuel VillacortaJorge Mario GarcíaWill, Opportunity and Solidarity238,6865.68
Giovanni ReyesÓscar FigueroaBienestar Nacional141,7143.37
Amílcar RiveraFernando MazariegosVictory135,5913.23
Amílcar PopMónica EnríquezWinaq–URNG–MAIZ87,6762.09
Ricardo SagastumeGuillermo GonzálezTodos76,5821.82
Rudy GuzmánDiego GonzálezNosotros66,1161.57
Isaac FarchiMauricio ZaldañaBlue Party61,4721.46
Julio RiveraJosé UrrutiaMy Family46,0921.10
Francisco ArredondoFrancisco BermúdezCommitment, Renewal and Order41,9481.00
Giulio TalamontiÓscar BarrientosRepublican Union40,3580.96
Hugo PeñaHugo JohnsonElephant Community39,2710.93
Rudio Lecsan MéridaRubén Darío RosalesHumanist Party34,2850.82
Rafael EspadaArturo HerradorRepublican Party32,1390.76
Sammy MoralesMiguel Ángel MoirNational Convergence Front22,3160.53
Álvaro TrujilloMiguel Ángel IbarraChange17,7150.42
Luis Lam PadillaOtto MarroquínNational Integration Party7,7800.19
Total4,202,442100.004,010,382100.00
Valid votes4,202,44275.624,010,38295.25
Invalid votes966,38917.39147,1653.50
Blank votes388,4426.9952,6871.25
Total votes5,557,273100.004,210,234100.00
Registered voters/turnout9,249,79460.089,361,06844.98
Source:TSE (first round; 99.13% counted)TSE (second round; 100% counted)

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Rony Ríos (17 January 2017)."Jimmy Morales el presidente mejor pagado de Latinoamérica". elPeriódico.Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved19 May 2018.
  2. ^"Jimmy Morales tomó la banda presidencial como el 50° Presidente de la República de Guatemala". TN23 (news station, original in video). 16 January 2016.Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved5 April 2019.
  3. ^"Jimmy Morales asume como nuevo presidente de Guatemala". CNN Español. 14 January 2016.Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved5 April 2019.
  4. ^Tulio Juárez (17 March 2017)."¿Qué le obsequiaría usted este sábado al presidente Jimmy Morales en su 48 cumpleaños?". elPeriódico.Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved5 April 2019.
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