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Anaeromonadea

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(Redirected fromPreaxostyla)

Group of excavate protists

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Anaeromonadea

Monocercomonoides melolanthae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Metamonada
Phylum:	Preaxostyla
Orders
Paratrimastigida Trimastigida Oxymonadida
Synonyms
OxymonadeaGrassé 1952 Pyrsonympha Axostylea

Anaeromonadea, also known asPreaxostyla,^[1]^[2] is a group ofexcavate protists, comprising theoxymonads,Trimastix,^[3] andParatrimastix.^[4] This group is studied as a model system for reductive evolution ofmitochondria,^[5] because it includes both organisms with anaerobic mitochondrion-like organelles (Trimastix^[6] andParatrimastix^[7]), and those that have completely lost theirmitochondria (oxymonadsMonocercomonoides,^[8]Streblomastix, andBlattamonas^[6]).

Phylogeny and taxonomy

Based on the work of Zhang et al. 2015.^[4]

TrimastixKent 1880 {TrimastigidaCavalier-Smith 2003: TrimastigidaeSaville Kent 1880}

	ParatrimastixZhang et al. 2015 {ParatrimastigidaeZhang et al. 2015}

	OxymonadidaGrassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003

References

^Hampl V, Hug L, Leigh JW, et al. (March 2009)."Phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of Excavata and resolve relationships among eukaryotic "supergroups"".Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.106 (10):3859–64.Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3859H.doi:10.1073/pnas.0807880106.PMC 2656170.PMID 19237557.
^Hampl V (2016), Archibald JM, Simpson AG, Slamovits CH, Margulis L (eds.),"Preaxostyla",Handbook of the Protists, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–36,doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_8-1,ISBN 978-3-319-32669-6, retrieved2024-04-15
^Cavalier-Smith T (November 2003)."The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa".Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.53 (Pt 6):1741–58.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02548-0.PMID 14657102.
^^a ^bZhang Q, Táborský P, Silberman JD, Pánek T, Čepička I, Simpson AG (September 2015), "Marine Isolates of Trimastix marina Form a Plesiomorphic Deep-branching Lineage within Preaxostyla, Separate from Other Known Trimastigids (Paratrimastix n. gen.)",Protist,166 (4):468–91,doi:10.1016/j.protis.2015.07.003,ISSN 1434-4610,PMID 26312987
^"Genomics of Eukaryotes and Lateral Gene Transfer | Biocev".www.biocev.eu. Retrieved2024-04-15.
^^a ^bNovák LV, Treitli SC, Pyrih J, Hałakuc P, Pipaliya SV, Vacek V, Brzoň O, Soukal P, Eme L, Dacks JB, Karnkowska A, Eliáš M, Hampl V (2023-12-07). Dutcher SK (ed.)."Genomics of Preaxostyla Flagellates Illuminates the Path Towards the Loss of Mitochondria".PLOS Genetics.19 (12) e1011050.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011050.ISSN 1553-7404.PMC 10703272.PMID 38060519.
^Hampl V, Silberman JD, Stechmann A, Diaz-Triviño S, Johnson PJ, Roger AJ (2008-01-02). Redfield R (ed.)."Genetic Evidence for a Mitochondriate Ancestry in the 'Amitochondriate' Flagellate Trimastix pyriformis".PLOS ONE.3 (1) e1383.Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.1383H.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001383.ISSN 1932-6203.PMC 2148110.PMID 18167542.
^Karnkowska A, Vacek V, Zubáčová Z, Treitli SC, Petrželková R, Eme L, Novák L, Žárský V, Barlow LD, Herman EK, Soukal P, Hroudová M, Doležal P, Stairs CW, Roger AJ (May 2016)."A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle".Current Biology.26 (10):1274–1284.Bibcode:2016CBio...26.1274K.doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053.PMID 27185558.

External links

Tree of Life: Preaxostyla

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Eukaryote classification

(major groups

Mesomycetozoea)

Amoebozoa	Discosea Tubulinea Variosea Archamoebea Cutosea Eumycetozoa(true slime molds)

Holomycota	Rotosphaerida Fungi¹

Filasterea
Choanozoa	Choanoflagellata Animalia(animals)¹

Telonemia

SAR

Cercozoa
Endomyxa
Retaria
- Foraminifera
- Radiolaria*

Colponemida* Ciliophora(ciliates)
Myzozoa	Apicomplexa Chrompodellida Dinoflagellata Perkinsozoa

Platysulcus Kaonashia Commation
Bigyra*	Bicosoecida Placidozoa Sagenista
Gyrista	Developea Pirsoniales Hyphochytriomycetes Ochrophyta(brown algae, diatoms and relatives) Oomycetes(water molds) Actinophryida

Microheliella
Cryptista	Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada

Archaeplastida
(plantssensu lato)

Viridiplantae
(green plants or
plantssensu stricto)

Prasinodermophyta
Chlorophyta

Streptophyta	Mesostigmatophyceae Chlorokybophyceae Spirotaenia Klebsormidiophyceae Charophyceae Coleochaetophyceae Zygnematophyceae Embryophyta(land plants or plantssensu strictissimo)¹

Caelestes

Hemimastigophora	Spironematellidae Paramastigidae

Jakobea Tsukubamonas
Discicristata	Heterolobosea Euglenozoa

Incertae sedis

Ancyromonadida	Ancyromonadidae Planomonadidae Divimonas
CRuMs	Diphylleida Mantamonadida Rigifilida Glissandrida
Genera of uncertain affiliation	Acinetactis Actinastrum Berkeleyaesol Kamera Magosphaera Meringosphaera Meteora Parakaryon (?) Quasibodo Tetrahelia
Acritarchs and other fossils	†Algospongia †Archaeochaeta †Cephalonyx †Changchengia †Cheleutochroa †Chitinozoa †Coryphidium †Cucumiforma †Dictyosphaera †Diskagma (?) †Eosolena †Francevillian biota (?) †Germinosphaera †Grandilingulata †Granomarginata †Grypania †Gunflint microbiota †Horodyskia †Introvertocystis †Korilophyton †Leiosphaeridia †Navifusa †Portalites †Protosterol biota †Pterospermopsimorpha †Qingshania †Quadrisporites †Schizofusa †Shuiyousphaeridium †Simia †Tappania †Tawuia (?) †Tetraporina †Thuchomyces (?) †Tuanshanzia †Valeria †Vernanimalcula

¹non-protist groups
*possiblyparaphyletic groups
bold denotes groups with over 1,000 species
Taxonomy of protists

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Metamonad classification

(major groups

Mesomycetozoea)

Anaeramoebae	Anaeramoebidae Anaeramoeba
'BaSk' clade	Barthelona Skoliomonas

Trimastigida	Trimastigidae Trimastix
Paratrimastigida	Paratrimastigidae Paratrimastix
Oxymonadida	Oxymonadidae Barroella Oxymonas Microrhopalodina Sauromonas †Oxymonites †Microrhopalodites †Sauromonites Polymastigidae Blattamonas Brachymonas Monocercomonoides Paranotila Polymastix Tubulimonoides Pyrsonymphidae Dinenympha Pyrsonympha †Dinenymphites †Pyrsonymphites Saccinobaculidae Notila Saccinobaculus Streblomastigidae Streblomastix Opisthomitus

Aduncisulcus^C
Carpediemonas^C
Dysnectes^C
Ergobibamus^C
Hicanonectes^C
Kipferlia^C
Retortamonadidae
- Chilomastix
- Retortamonas
Caviomonadidae
- Caviomonas
- Iotanema

Hexamitinae	Enteromonadidae Enteromonas Hexamitidae Trepomonas Hexamita Trimitus Gyromonas Spironucleidae Spironucleus
Giardiinae	Octomitidae Octomitus Brugerolleia Giardiidae Giardia

Hypotrichomonadea

Hypotrichomonadida	Hypotrichomonadidae Hypotrichomonas Trichomitus

Pimpavickida	Pimpavickidae Pimpavicka Alexandriella

Honigbergiellida	Hexamastigidae Hexamastix Honigbergiellidae Honigbergiella Ditrichomonoides Honigbergiellopsis Monotrichomonas Cthulhuidae Cthulhu Cthylla Nyarlathotep Tetratrichomastigidae Tetratrichomastix
Trichomonadida	Pseudotrichomonas^? Lacusteriidae Lacusteria Trichomonadidae Trichomonas Cochlosoma Cyathosoma Pentatrichomonas Pentatrichomonoides Pseudotrypanosoma Ptychostoma Tetratrichomonas Trichomitopsis Trichomonoides

Clade "Tla"

Lophomonadida	Lophomonadidae Lophomonas Eulophomonas Prolophomonas

Clade "Cadamassta"

Calonymphida	Calonymphidae Calonympha Criconympha Daimonympha Diplonympha Gyronympha Metastephanonympha Prosnyderella Snyderella Stephanonympha Deltotrichonymphidae Deltotrichonympha Koruga Mixotrichidae Mixotricha
Devescovinida	Devescovinidae Devescovina Achemon Astronympha Bullanympha Caduceia Coronympha Evemonia Foaina Hyperdevescovina Kirbynia Kofoidia Macrotrichomonas Macrotrichomonoides Metadevescovina Parajoenia Polymastigoides Pseudodevescovina Runanympha
Gigantomonadida	Gigantomonadidae Gigantomonas

Dientamoebida	Dientamoebidae Dientamoeba Histomonas Parahistomonas Protrichomonas

Monocercomonadea

Monocercomonadida	Monocercomonadidae Monocercomonas

Simplicimonadea

Simplicimonadida	Simplicimonadidae Simplicimonas

Tritrichomonadea

Tritrichomonadida	Tritrichomonadidae Tritrichomonas

Spirotrichonymphea

Cononymphida	Cononymphidae Cononympha
Holomastigotoidida	Holomastigotoididae Holomastigotoides Rostronympha
Spirotrichonymphida	Brugerollinidae Brugerollina Pseudospironympha Fraterculidae Fraterculus Cuppa Holomastigotidae Holomastigotes Spiromastigotes Spirotrichonymphella Uteronympha Spirotrichonymphidae Spirotrichonympha Microjoenia Micromastigotes Nanospironympha Spironympha Torquenympha

^CCarpediemonas-like organisms
†fossil group
^?incertae sedis

Taxon identifiers
Anaeromonadea	Wikidata:Q4750809 Wikispecies:Anaeromonadea CoL:7P EoL:13073535 GBIF:7624885 IRMNG:11905069 NZOR:fde329ed-5f15-47b7-808a-8686ba2e2619 Open Tree of Life:5574914 WoRMS:582181
Anaeromonada	Wikidata:Q18674903 Wikispecies:Anaeromonada NZOR:beb19740-adc0-42d6-bd2d-0a3d5bbdd403 WoRMS:582164
Preaxostyla	Wikidata:Q12746761 Wikispecies:Preaxostyla AFD:Preaxostyla Paleobiology Database:212597

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