 | |
| Developer | IBM |
|---|---|
| Type | Supercomputer platform |
| Released | 2010 (as prototype) 2011 (as platform) |
| CPU | IBMPOWER7 |
| Predecessor | IBM Blue Gene; Aquasar prototype |
PERCS (Productive, Easy-to-use, Reliable Computing System) isIBM's answer toDARPA'sHigh Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) initiative. The program resulted in commercial development and deployment of thePower 775, a supercomputer design with extremely high performance ratios in fabric and memory bandwidth, as well as very high performance density and power efficiency.
IBM officially announced the Power 775 on July 12, 2011 and started to ship systems in August 2011.[1]
The HPCS program was a three phase research and development effort. IBM was one of three companies, along withCray andSun Microsystems, that received the HPCS grant for Phase II. In this phase, IBM collaborated with a consortium of 12 universities and theLos Alamos National Lab to pursue an adaptable computing system with the goal of commercial viability of new chip technology, new computer architecture, operating systems, compiler and programming environments.[2]
IBM was chosen for Phase III in November 2006, and granted $244 million in funds for continuing development of PERCS technology and delivering prototype systems by 2010.[3]
The first supercomputer using PERCS technology was intended to be theBlue Waters system, however the high costs and complexity of the system resulted in its contract being canceled.[4][5] The machine was subsequently delivered by Cray Inc, using a combination of GPUs and CPUs for processing, and a network with reduced global bandwidth capabilities.
Power775 / PERCS systems were subsequently deployed at roughly two dozen institutions in the U.S. and other countries, in installations ranging from 2,000 to over 64,000 Power7 processing cores. Major deployments have been for network-intensive and memory-intensive applications (as opposed to FLOPS-intensive), such as weather & climate modeling (ECMWF,UKMO,Environment Canada,Japan Meteorological Agency), and scientific research (University of Warsaw,Slovak Academy of Sciences, and several other government laboratories in the U.S., and other countries).
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PERCS will use IBM's large-scale technologies from servers and supercomputers like thePOWER7 microprocessor,AIX operating system,X10 programming language andGeneral Parallel File System.[6]
Sometimes known as the POWER7-IH or P7-IH, thePower 775 is the commercial product that was developed by PERCS[7] as a part ofIBM Power Systems line. The Power 775 was released by IBM in 2011 as a commercial product after IBM ended its participation in theBlue Waters petaflops project at the University of Illinois, but marketed the 775 based on the growth of its high-performance computing business.[8][9]
Unlike the IBMBlue Gene series, which uses low-power processors to avoidheat-density issues, the Power 775 was awater-cooled rack-module system, and each module was 34 inches wide, 54 inches deep and 3.5 inches high (2U).
Each drawer comprises 8 cache coherent nodes (each of which can host single one or more O/S images) with aMCM with four POWER7 CPUs each, and 16DDR3 SDRAM slots per MCM for a total of 256 POWER7 cores and 2 TB RAM. Each drawer has 8 optical connect controller hub chips, connecting neighboring MCMs, PCIe peripherals and other compute nodes in a dragonfly network topology. One rack can house up to a dozen Power 775 drawers for a total performance of 96 TFLOPS.[10]
The system supports up to 24 terabytes of memory and 230 terabytes of storage per rack. It is estimated to achieve over 94teraflops per rack.[11]
