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The World Portal

Theworld

*The Blue Marble*, a photograph of the planet Earth made on 7 December 1972 by the crew of theApollo 17 spacecraft.

Theworld is the totality of entities, the whole ofreality, or everything thatexists. The nature of the world has beenconceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique, while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world asone simple object, while others analyze the world as a complex made up of parts.

Inscientific cosmology, the world or universe is commonly defined as "the totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be".Theories of modality talk of possible worlds as complete and consistent ways how things could have been.Phenomenology, starting from the horizon of co-given objects present in the periphery of every experience, defines the world as the biggest horizon, or the "horizon of all horizons". Inphilosophy of mind, the world is contrasted with the mind as that which is represented by the mind.

Theology conceptualizes the world in relation to God, for example, as God's creation, as identical to God, or as the two being interdependent. Inreligions, there is a tendency to downgrade the material or sensory world in favor of a spiritual world to be sought through religious practice. A comprehensive representation of the world and our place in it, as is found in religions, is known as aworldview.Cosmogony is the field that studies the origin or creation of the world, whileeschatology refers to the science or doctrine of the last things or of the end of the world.

In various contexts, the term "world" takes a more restricted meaning associated, for example, with theEarth and all life on it, with humanity as a whole, or with an international or intercontinental scope. In this sense,world history refers to the history of humanity as a whole, andworld politics is the discipline of political science studying issues that transcend nations and continents. Other examples include terms such as "world religion", "world language", "world government", "world war", "world population", "world economy", or "world championship". (Full article...)

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Image 1
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Earth is the thirdplanet from theSun and the onlyastronomical object known toharbor life. This is made possible by Earth being anocean world, the only one in theSolar System sustainingliquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering70.8% ofEarth's crust. The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form ofcontinental landmasses within Earth'sland hemisphere. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhathumid and covered by vegetation, while largeice sheets at Earth'spolar deserts retain more water than Earth'sgroundwater, lakes, rivers, andatmospheric water combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly movingtectonic plates, which interact to produce mountain ranges,volcanoes, and earthquakes.Earth has a liquid outer core that generates amagnetosphere capable of deflecting most of the destructivesolar winds andcosmic radiation.

Earth hasa dynamic atmosphere, which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from mostmeteoroids andUV-light at entry. It is composed primarily ofnitrogen andoxygen.Water vapor is widely present in the atmosphere,forming clouds that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as agreenhouse gas and, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularlycarbon dioxide (CO₂), creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing ofenergy from the Sun's light. This process maintains the current average surface temperature of 14.76 °C (58.57 °F), at which water is liquid under normal atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with theequatorial region receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) driveatmospheric andocean currents, producing a globalclimate system with differentclimate regions, and a range of weather phenomena such asprecipitation, allowing components such ascarbon andnitrogen tocycle. (Full article...)
Image 2
A replica of the SpanishcarrackSanta Maria which was used byChristopher Columbus in hisfirst expedition across theAtlantic Ocean in 1492, arriving to theNew World

TheAge of Discovery (c. 1418 – c. 1620), also known as theAge of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and overlapped with theAge of Sail. It was a period from approximately the 15th to the 17th century, during whichseafarers from European countries explored, colonized, and conquered regions across the globe. The Age of Discovery was a transformative period when previously isolated parts of the world became connected to form theworld-system, and laid the groundwork forglobalization. The extensive overseas exploration, particularly the opening of maritime routes to theEast Indies andEuropean colonization of the Americas by theSpanish andPortuguese, later joined by theEnglish,French, andDutch, spurredinternational global trade. The interconnected global economy of the 21st century has its origins in the expansion of trade networks during this era.

The exploration createdcolonial empires and marked an increased adoption ofcolonialism as a government policy in several European states. As such, it is sometimes synonymous with thefirst wave of European colonization. This colonization reshaped power dynamics causing geopolitical shifts in Europe and creating new centers of power beyond Europe. Having set human history on the global common course, the legacy of the age still shapes the world today. (Full article...)
Image 3
A timelapse composite panorama of different natural phenomena and environments aroundMount Bromo, Indonesia.

Nature is an inherent character or constitution, particularly of theecosphere or theuniverse as a whole. In this general sense nature refers to thelaws, elements andphenomena of the physical world, includinglife. Although humans are part of nature, human activity or humans as a whole are often described as at times at odds, or outrightseparate and even superior to nature.

During the advent of modernscientific method in the last several centuries, nature became the passivereality, organized and moved by divine laws. With theIndustrial Revolution, nature increasingly became seen as the part of reality deprived from intentional intervention: it was hence considered as sacred by some traditions (Rousseau, Americantranscendentalism) or a mere decorum fordivine providence or human history (Hegel,Marx). However, avitalist vision of nature, closer to the pre-Socratic one, got reborn at the same time, especially afterCharles Darwin. (Full article...)
Image 4

King of the Universe is aroyal title that claims complete cosmological domination. As a historical title, King of the Universe was used intermittently by powerful monarchs inancient Mesopotamia as a title of great prestige. Equivalent titles were sometimes later used in theGreco-Roman world as honorifics for powerful rulers. The title was also applied to various deities in ancient Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman literature. As a religious title and honorific, King of the Universe has seen continued use as a title ofGod and certain other figures in theAbrahamic tradition.

The etymology of the Mesopotamian title,šar kiššatim, derives from the ancient Sumerian city ofKish. In ancient Sumer, Kish was seen as having primacy over other Mesopotamian cities and was inSumerian legend the location where the kingship was lowered to from heaven after the legendaryflood. The first ruler to use the title wasSargon of Akkad (r. c. 2334–2279 BC). The title continued to be used in a succession of later empires claiming symbolical descent from Sargon's Akkadian Empire. The last known ruler to assume the Mesopotamian title was theSeleucid kingAntiochus I Soter (r. 281–261 BC). (Full article...)
Image 5
Intangible cultural heritage (ICH)—as opposed to a place's tangiblecultural heritage,cultural properties such ashistoric sites,monuments, andartefacts—comprises manifestations of intellectual wealth such ascustoms,beliefs,traditions,folklore,language, andknowledge, as expressed in particular throughcraftsmanship andperformance.

Responding to the perceived over-representation of Western Europe amongWorld Heritage Sites, to help valorizecultural diversity, and following on from earlier related measuresin Japan (1950) andin South Korea (1962), in 2001, UNESCO made a survey among states andNGOs to try to agree on a definition, and theConvention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was drafted in 2003 for its protection and promotion. (Full article...)
Image 6
Political alignments in Europe during theCold War after 1961

The termThird World arose during theCold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with eitherNATO or theWarsaw Pact. TheUnited States,Canada,Japan,South Korea,Turkey, theSouthern Cone,Western European countries and other allies represented the "First World", while theSoviet Union,China,Cuba,North Korea,Vietnam,Romania and the rest of theWarsaw Pact and their allies represented the "Second World". This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political divisions. Due to the complex history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition of the Third World. Strictly speaking, "Third World" was a political, rather than economic, grouping.

Since most Third World countries were economically poor and non-industrialized, it became astereotype to refer todeveloping countries as "third-world." In political discourse, the term Third World was often associated with being underdeveloped. China was labeled "Third World" for several decades in the 20th century before its robust development of the 21st century. Some countries in theEastern Bloc, such asCuba, were often regarded as Third World. The Third World was normally seen to include many countries withcolonial pasts inAfrica,Latin America,Oceania, andAsia. It was also sometimes taken as synonymous with countries in theNon-Aligned Movement. In thedependency theory of thinkers likeRaúl Prebisch,Walter Rodney,Theotônio dos Santos, and others, the Third World has also been connected to theworld-systemic economic division as"periphery" countries dominated by the countries comprising theeconomic "core". (Full article...)
Image 7
World Englishes is a term for emerging localized orindigenized varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by theUnited Kingdom or theUnited States. The study of World Englishes consists of identifying varieties of English used in diverse sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how sociolinguistic histories, multicultural backgrounds and contexts of function influence the use of English in different regions of the world.

The issue of World Englishes was first raised in 1978 to examine concepts of regional Englishes globally. Pragmatic factors such as appropriateness, comprehensibility and interpretability justified the use of English as an international and intra-national language. In 1988, at aTeachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) conference inHonolulu,Hawaii, the International Committee of the Study of World Englishes (ICWE) was formed. In 1992, the ICWE formally launched the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) at a conference of "World Englishes Today", at theUniversity of Illinois, USA. There are two academic journals devoted to the study of this topic, titledEnglish World-Wide (since 1980) andWorld Englishes (since 1982). There are a number of published handbooks and textbooks on the subject. (Full article...)

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General images -load new batch

The following are images from various world-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Battle during the1281 Mongol invasion of Japan
Image 2Taj Mahal,Mughal Empire, India
Image 3Benin Bronze head from Nigeria
Image 4Trilobites first appeared during the Cambrian period and were among the most widespread and diverse groups of Paleozoic organisms. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 5Pangaea was asupercontinent that existed from about 300 to 180 Ma. The outlines of the modern continents and other landmasses are indicated on this map. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 6Tiktaalik, a fish with limb-like fins and a predecessor of tetrapods. Reconstruction from fossils about 375 million years old. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 7A pillar at NeolithicGöbekli Tepe
Image 8Obelisk of Axum, Ethiopia
Image 9Change in average surface air temperature and drivers for that change. Human activity has caused increased temperatures, with natural forces adding some variability. (fromEarth)
Image 10Notre-Dame de Paris, France
Image 11Earth's axial tilt causing different angles of seasonal illumination at different orbital positions around the Sun (fromEarth)
Image 12Exaggerated illustration of Earth's elliptical orbit around the Sun, marking that the orbital extreme points (apoapsis andperiapsis) are not the same as the four seasonal extreme points, theequinox andsolstice (fromEarth)
Image 13Last Moon landing:Apollo 17 (1972)
Image 14A depiction of the earlySolar System'sprotoplanetary disk from which Earth and other Solar System bodies were formed (fromEarth)
Image 15A conception of the scorched Earth after theSun has entered thered giant phase, about 5–7 billion years in the future (fromEarth)
Image 16Earth's major plates, which are:
(fromEarth)
Image 17Cuneiform inscription, eastern Turkey
Image 18An artist's impression of ice age Earth at glacial maximum. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 19A composite image ofartificial light emissions at night on a map of Earth (fromEarth)
Image 20Earth's land use for human agriculture in 2019 (fromEarth)
Image 21Angkor Wat temple complex, Cambodia, early 12th century
Image 22Moai,Easter Island (fromHuman history)
Image 23Artist's impression of Earth during the later Archean, the largely cooledplanetary crust and water-rich barrensurface, marked byvolcanoes andcontinents, features alreadyround microbialites. The Moon, still orbiting Earth much closer than today and still dominating Earth's sky, produced strongtides. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 24Pale orange dot, an impression ofEarly Earth, featuring its tinted orangemethane-richearly atmosphere (fromEarth)
Image 25Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt
Image 26Cross-section through aliposome (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 27A reconstruction of human history based on fossil data. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 28A 580 million year old fossil ofSpriggina floundensi, an animal from theEdiacaran period. Such life forms could have been ancestors to the many new forms that originated in theCambrian Explosion. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 29Pillar erected by Ashoka, aMauryan Emperor in India
Image 30An animation of the changing density ofproductive vegetation on land (low in brown; heavy in dark green) and phytoplankton at theocean surface (low in purple; high in yellow) (fromEarth)
Image 31Image of the physical world, captured by theHubble Space Telescope (fromWorld)
Image 32The first airplane, theWright Flyer, flew on 17 December 1903.
Image 33Artist's conception ofDevonian flora (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 34One of the elevenRock-hewn Churches of Lalibela constructed during theZagwe dynasty in Ethiopia (fromHuman history)
Image 35Japanese depiction of a Portuguesecarrack, a result of globalizing maritime trade
Image 36Graph showing range of estimatedpartial pressure of atmospheric oxygen through geologic time (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 37Wittenberg, birthplace ofProtestantism (fromHuman history)
Image 38An impression of theArchean, theeon after Earth's formation, featuring roundstromatolites, which are early oxygen-producing forms of life from billions of years ago. After theLate Heavy Bombardment,Earth's crust had cooled, its water-rich barrensurface is marked bycontinents andvolcanoes, with the Moon still orbiting Earth half as far as it is today, appearing 2.8 times larger and producing strongtides. (fromEarth)
Image 39Umayyad Mosque inDamascus (fromHuman history)
Image 40Earth's western hemisphere showing topography relative to Earth's center instead of tomean sea level, as in common topographic maps (fromEarth)
Image 41Maya observatory,Chichen Itza, Mexico
Image 42Standing Buddha from Gandhara, 2nd century CE
Image 43An artist's rendering of aprotoplanetary disk (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 44Earth's night-side upper atmosphere appearing from the bottom as bands ofafterglow illuminating thetroposphere in orange with silhouettes of clouds, and thestratosphere in white and blue. Next themesosphere (pink area) extends to the orange and faintly green line of the lowestairglow, at about one hundred kilometers at theedge of space and the lower edge of thethermosphere (invisible). Continuing with green and red bands ofaurorae stretching over several hundred kilometers. (fromEarth)
Image 45Acomposite image of Earth, with its different types of surface discernible: Earth's surface dominating Ocean (blue), Africa with lush (green) to dry (brown) land and Earth's polar ice in the form ofAntarctic sea ice (grey) covering theAntarctic or Southern Ocean and theAntarctic ice sheet (white) coveringAntarctica. (fromEarth)
Image 46Machu Picchu,Inca Empire, Peru
Image 47Ming dynasty section,Great Wall of China
Image 48Artist's conception ofHadean Eon Earth, when it was much hotter and inhospitable to all forms of life. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 49A view of Earth with different layers of its atmosphere visible: thetroposphere with its clouds casting shadows, a band ofstratospheric blue sky at the horizon, and a line of greenairglow of the lowerthermosphere around analtitude of 100 km, at the edge of space (fromEarth)
Image 50Scientificworldview. (fromWorld)
Image 51A computer-generated image mapping the prevalence ofartificial satellites andspace debris around Earth ingeosynchronous andlow Earth orbit (fromEarth)
Image 52Lithified stromatolites on the shores ofLake Thetis,Western Australia. Archean stromatolites are the first direct fossil traces of life on Earth. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 53Geologic map of North America, color-coded by age. From most recent to oldest, age is indicated by yellow, green, blue, and red. The reds and pinks indicate rock from theArchean.
Image 54Chloroplasts in the cells of a moss (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 55Olmec colossal head, now at the Museo de Antropología de Xalapa
Image 56Artist's impression of a Hadean landscape with the relatively newly formed Moon still looming closely over Earth and both bodies sustaining strongvolcanism. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 57The replicator in virtually all known life isdeoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is far more complex than the original replicator and its replication systems are highly elaborate. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 58Theflag of theUnited Nations (fromEarth)
Image 59Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates throughout most of theMesozoic (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 60Earth's history with time-spans of theeons to scale.Ma means "million years ago",Ga means "billion years ago". (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 61Yggdrasil, an attempt to reconstruct the Norseworld tree which connects theheavens, the world, and theunderworld. (fromWorld)
Image 62Florence, birthplace of theItalian Renaissance
Image 63A view of Earth with itsglobal ocean andcloud cover, which dominate Earth's surface andhydrosphere; at Earth'spolar regions, its hydrosphere forms larger areas of ice cover. (fromEarth)
Image 64A map ofheat flow from Earth's interior to the surface of Earth's crust, mostly along theoceanic ridges (fromEarth)
Image 65COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 (fromHuman history)
Image 66Satellitetime lapse imagery of Earth's rotation showing axis tilt (fromEarth)
Image 6713th-century Frenchhistoriated initial with the three classes of medieval society: those who prayed (theclergy), those who fought (theknights), and those who worked (thepeasantry)
Image 68James Watt'ssteam engine powered theIndustrial Revolution.
Image 69TheColosseum in Rome (fromHuman history)
Image 70A schematic view of Earth's magnetosphere withsolar wind flowing from left to right (fromEarth)
Image 71Portrait ofAlfraganus in theCompilatio astronomica, 1493.Islamic astronomers began just before the 9th century to collect and translateIndian,Persian andGreek astronomical texts, adding their own astronomy and enabling later, particularly European astronomy to build on. Symbolic for the post-classical period, a period of an increasing trans-regional literary culture, particularly in the sciences, spreading and building on methods of science. (fromHuman history)
Image 72Fall of the Berlin Wall, 1989
Image 73Relief ofEarth's crust (fromEarth)
Image 74Chennakesava Temple,Belur, India
Image 75European migrations by mostlyGermanic peoples, 2nd–6th centuries (fromHuman history)
Image 76Carving of Persian and Median soldiers,Persepolis,Achaemenid Empire, 5th century BCE
Image 77The pale orange dot, an artist's impression of theearly Earth which might have appeared orange through itshazy methane richprebiotic second atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere at this stage was somewhat comparable to today'satmosphere of Titan. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 78Atomic bombing of Nagasaki, 1945
Image 79Tracy Caldwell Dyson, aNASA astronaut, observing Earth from theCupola module at theInternational Space Station on 11 September 2010 (fromEarth)
Image 80Artist's impression of the enormous collision that probably formed the Moon (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 81Earth and the Moon as seen fromMars by theMars Reconnaissance Orbiter (fromEarth)
Image 82Artist's rendition of an oxinated fully-frozenSnowball Earth with no remaining liquid surface water. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 83Vitruvian Man, c. 1490 byLeonardo da Vinci, epitomizes the advances in art and science seen during the Renaissance. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 84A reconstruction of Pannotia (550 Ma). (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 85Abanded iron formation from the 3.15 GaMoodies Group,Barberton Greenstone Belt,South Africa. Red layers represent the times when oxygen was available; gray layers were formed in anoxic circumstances. (fromHistory of Earth)
Image 86Successive dispersals of Homo erectus (yellow), Homo neanderthalensis (ochre) duringOut of Africa I and Homo sapiens (red,Out of Africa II), with the numbers of years since they appearedbefore present. (fromHuman history)

Megacities of the world -show another

Yuzhong District

Chongqing is adirect-administered municipality in southern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under theCentral People's Government, along withBeijing,Shanghai, andTianjin. It is the only direct-administered municipality located deep inland. The municipality covers a large geographical area roughly the size ofAustria, which includes several disjunct urban areas in addition to Chongqing proper. Due to its classification, the municipality of Chongqing is thelargest city proper in the world by population, though it is not the most populous urban area.

The municipality of Chongqing is the only Chinese city with a resident population of over 30 million; however, this number includes its large rural population. In 2020, Chongqing surpassed Shanghai as China's largest municipality by urban population; as of 2024^[update], it had an urban population of 23.01 million. The municipality contains 26 districts, 8counties, and 4autonomous counties. The city served as the wartime capital for the Republic of China (ROC) during theSecond Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). On 14 March 1997, the current municipality was separated from the surrounding province ofSichuan, with the goal of furthering development in the central and western parts of the country. (Full article...)

List of megacities

Did you know -load new batch

... that Malaysian percussionistLewis Pragasam was drumming to "Joy to the World" at a Christmas concert when he suffered a fatalheart attack?
... that thewalls of Babylon were included in many early lists of theSeven Wonders of the Ancient World?
... that the tripartite structure of theNational War Labor Board helped the United States keep work stoppages to a minimum during World War II?
... that the tomb of the 15th-century Okinawan kingShō Hashi was destroyed during World War II?
... thatMax Verstappen won a record 19 Grands Prix in a season on his way to the2023 Formula One World Drivers' Championship?
... that theFogCam is believed to be the world's longest-running public webcam?
... thata former police whistleblower is developing six islands inThe World?
... that the memorialIvančena was created to honor members of the Silesian Scout Resistance who were executed for their part in theresistance to Nazi occupation during World War II?

Countries of the world -show another

Ivory Coast, also known asCôte d'Ivoire and officially theRepublic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast ofWest Africa. Its capital city ofYamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, whileits largest city and economic centre is the port city ofAbidjan. It bordersGuinea to thenorthwest,Liberia to thewest,Mali to thenorthwest,Burkina Faso to thenortheast,Ghana to theeast, and theAtlantic Ocean'sGulf of Guinea to the south. With 31.5 million inhabitants in 2024, Ivory Coast is thethird-most populous country inWest Africa. Its official language isFrench, and indigenous languages are also widely used, includingBété,Baoulé,Dyula,Dan,Anyin, andCebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country hasa religiously diverse population, including numerous followers ofIslam,Christianity andtraditional faiths often entailinganimism.

Before its colonisation, Ivory Coast was home to several states, includingGyaaman, theKong Empire, andBaoulé. The area became aprotectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as aFrench colony in 1893 amid theScramble for Africa. It achieved independence in 1960, led byFélix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. Relatively stable by regional standards, Ivory Coast established close political-economic ties with its West African neighbours while maintaining close relations withthe West,especially France. Its stability was diminished by acoup d'état in 1999 and two civil wars—firstbetween 2002 and 2007 and againduring 2010–2011. It adopteda new constitution in 2016. (Full article...)

List of countries

See also:List of sovereign states

Wonders of the World -show another

TheSeven Wonders of Russia as determined by a project organized by the newspaperIzvestia,Radio Mayak, and the television channelRussia. The competition took place in three stages from 1 October 2007 through 1 June 2008, with the final results declared inMoscow'sRed Square on 12 June 2008. (Full article...)

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Protected areas of the world -load new batch

Image 1
Protected areas of Indonesia comprise both terrestrial and marine environments in any of the sixIUCN Protected Area categories. There are over 500 protected areas in Indonesia, of which57 National Parks and another nature and game reserves cover overall 36.1 million ha land area. The total protected land area represents over 18.9% of Indonesia's landmass.Marine Protected Areas comprise over 28.4 million ha (around 9% of Indonesian territorial waters). (Full article...)
Image 2
The followinglist of protected areas of British Columbia includes all federally and provincially protected areas within theCanadian province ofBritish Columbia. As of 2015, approximately 15.46% of the province's land area and 3.17% of the province's waters are protected. (Full article...)
Image 3
This is alist of protected areas ofRomania.

About 5.18% of the area of Romania has a protected status (12,360 km²), including theDanube Delta, which makes half of these areas (2.43% of Romania's area). (Full article...)
Image 4
The mountain ofStob Binnein lies in theLoch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park.

Many parts ofScotland areprotected in accordance with a number of national and international designations because of their environmental, historical or cultural value. Protected areas can be divided according to the type of resource which each seeks to protect.NatureScot has various roles in the delivery of many environmental designations in Scotland, i.e. those aimed at protectingflora andfauna, scenic qualities andgeological features.Historic Environment Scotland is responsible for designations that protect sites of historic and cultural importance. Some international designations, such asWorld Heritage Sites, can cover both categories of site.

The various designations overlap considerably with many protected areas being covered by multiple designations with different boundaries. (Full article...)
Image 5
The northernmost tip ofPrins Karls Forland inForlandet National Park

Svalbard is anArctic wildernessarchipelago comprising the northernmost part ofNorway. There are twenty-nineprotected natural areas, consisting of sevennational parks, sixnature reserves, fifteen bird sanctuaries and onegeotope protected area. In addition, human traces dating from before 1946 are automatically protected. The protected areas make up 39,800 square kilometers (15,400 sq mi) or 65% of the land area, and 78,000 square kilometers (30,000 sq mi) or 86.5% of theterritorial waters. The largest protected areas areNordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve andSøraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, which cover most of the areas east of the main island ofSpitsbergen, including the islands ofNordaustlandet,Edgeøya,Barentsøya,Kong Karls Land andKvitøya. Six of the national parks are located on Spitsbergen. Ten of the bird sanctuaries and theMoffen Nature Reserve are located within national parks. Five of the bird sanctuaries areRamsar sites and fourteen of the bird sanctuaries are islands. Svalbard is on Norway's tentative list for nomination as aUNESCO World Heritage Site.

The supreme responsibility forconservation lies with theNorwegian Ministry of the Environment, which has delegated the management to theGovernor of Svalbard and theNorwegian Directorate for Nature Management. The foundation for conservation was established in theSvalbard Treaty of 1920, and has been further specified in the Svalbard Environmental Act of 2001. The first round of protection took force on 1 July 1973, when most of the current protected areas came into effect. This included the two large nature reserves and three of the national parks. Moffen Nature Reserve was established in 1983, followed by four national parks, three nature reserves and one geotope protection area between 2002 and 2005. (Full article...)
Image 6
Rano Kau,Parque National Rapa Nui,Easter Island

Theprotected areas of Chile are areas that have natural beauty or significant historical value protected by the government ofChile. These protected areas cover over 140,000 km² (54,054 sq mi), which is 19% of the territory of Chile. The National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE by its Spanish acronym) is regulated by law #18,362 passed in 1984, and administered by theNational Forest Corporation (CONAF).

There are three types of territories:
(Full article...)
Image 7
TheProtected areas ofPortugal (Portuguese:Áreas protegidas de Portugal) are classified under a legal protection statute that allows for the adequate protection and maintenance ofbiodiversity, while providing services for ecosystem that maintains the natural and geological patrimony. (Full article...)
Image 8
Illinois has a variety ofprotected areas, including over 123 state-protected areas, dozens of federally protected areas, hundreds of county-level and municipal park areas, and historic sites under various governmental levels of protection. Illinois also contains sites designated as internationally important protected areas. These multiple levels of protection contribute to a statewide network of numerous recreation opportunities and conservation schemes, sometimes in a small area. For example,DeKalb County contains a 1,000-acre (4.0 km²)forest preserve system and a 1,500-acre (6.1 km²) state park (Shabbona Lake State Park); within DeKalb County, the DeKalb Park District in theCity of DeKalb has a 700-acre (2.8 km²) park system. (Full article...)
Image 9
This is a list ofprotected areas inThailand: (Full article...)
Image 10
This is a list ofprotected areas ofSaudi Arabia, some of which are managed by theSaudi Wildlife Authority.:
(Full article...)
Image 11
Entrance toTanintharyi Nature Reserve.

This list ofprotected areas ofMyanmar includesnational parks, wildlife sanctuaries and botanical gardens that were established since 1927. (Full article...)
Image 12
"Temple Gate" Rock formation atAlkhanay National Park

Protected areas of Russia, (official Russian title:Russian:Особо охраняемые природные территории, literally "Specially Protected Natural Areas"), is governed by the corresponding 1995 law of theRussian Federation. (Full article...)
Image 13
Theprotected areas of Nepal cover mainly forested land and are located at various altitudes in theTerai, in the foothills of theHimalayas and in the mountains, thus encompassing a multitude of landscapes and preserving a vastbiodiversity in thePalearctic andIndomalayan realms.
Nepal covers 147,181 km² (56,827 sq mi) in the central part of the Himalayas. Altitudes range from 67 m (220 ft) in the south-eastern Terai to 8,848 m (29,029 ft) atMount Everest within a short horizontal span. This extreme altitudinal gradient has resulted in 11 bio-climatic zones ranging from lowertropical below 500 m (1,600 ft) tonival above 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in the High Himalayas, encompassing nineterrestrial ecoregions with 36 vegetation types.

Additionally, nineRamsar sites were declared between 1988 and 2008. Two wildlife reserves were declared as national parks in 2017. (Full article...)
Image 14
Theprotected areas of Michigan come in an array of different types and levels of protection.Michigan has five units of theNational Park Service system. There are 14 federalwilderness areas; the majority of these are also tribal-designated wildernesses. It has one of the largeststate forest systems as well having fournational forests. The state maintains a largestate park system and there are alsoregional parks, and county, township and city parks. Still other parks on land and in theGreat Lakes are maintained by other governmental bodies. Private protected areas also exist in the state, mainly lands owned by land conservancies. (Full article...)
Image 15
A family ofAsiatic lions atGir National Park

TheGujarat state of westernIndia has fourNational Parks and twenty-threewildlife sanctuaries which are managed by the Forest Department of theGovernment of Gujarat. (Full article...)

List of protected areas

Selected world maps

Image 1Index map from theInternational Map of the World (1:1,000,000 scale)
Image 2TheGoode homolosine projection is apseudocylindrical,equal-area, compositemap projection used for world maps.
Image 3Mollweide projection of the world
Image 4The world map byGerardus Mercator (1569), the first map in the well-knownMercator projection
Image 5Aplate tectonics map with volcano locations indicated with red circles
Image 6United NationsHuman Development Index map by country (2016)
Image 7Time zones of the world
$Image 8Only a few of the largest large igneous provinces appear (coloured dark purple) on this geological map, which depicts crustal geologic provinces as seen in seismic refraction data$
Image 8Only a few of the largestlarge igneous provinces appear (coloured dark purple) on this geological map, which depicts crustal geologic provinces as seen inseismic refraction data
Image 91516 map of the world byMartin Waldseemüller

See also:Clickable world map • List of map projections

World records

edit

Topics

v t e World
Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Eswatini Ethiopia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of the Congo Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria São Tomé and Príncipe Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Central African Republic

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Federated States of Micronesia

Republic of the Congo

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

São Tomé and Príncipe

v t e Earth
Continents	Africa Antarctica Asia Australia Europe North America South America
Oceans	Arctic Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean
Geology	Age of Earth Geology Earth science Erosion Extremes on Earth Future Geological history time scale Geologic record Geophysics Gravity History of Earth Magnetic field Plate tectonics Structure
Atmosphere	Atmosphere of Earth Climate Global warming Weather
Environment	Biome Biosphere Ecology Ecosystem Human impact on the environment Evolutionary history of life Nature
Cartography	Digital mapping Satellite imagery Virtual globe World map
Culture and society	List of sovereign states dependent territories In culture Earth Day World economy Etymology World history Time zones World
Planetary science	Earth's orbit Evolution of Solar System Geology of solar terrestrial planets Location in the Universe The Moon Solar System
Outline of Earth

Afro-Eurasia (Old World)

Americas (New World)

Eurasia

Oceania

Other prehistoric continents
Amazonia
Arctica
Asiamerica
Atlantica
Avalonia
Baltica
Cimmeria
Congo Craton
Euramerica
Kalaharia
Kazakhstania
Laramidia
Laurentia
North China
Siberia
South China
East Antarctica
Pampia
Cuyania
Chilenia

Possible future supercontinents
Pangaea Proxima
Amasia
Novopangaea
Aurica

See also:Regions of the world
Continental fragment

Earth's primaryregions andsubregions

v t e Regions ofAfrica
Central	Guinea region Gulf of Guinea Cape Lopez Mayombe Igboland Mbaise Pool Malebo Congo Basin Chad Basin Cameroonian Highlands forests East Sudanian savanna Congolian rainforests Ouaddaï highlands Ennedi Plateau
East	African Great Lakes Albertine Rift East African Rift Great Rift Valley Gregory Rift Rift Valley lakes Virunga Mountains Kavirondo Zanj East African montane forests Eastern Arc Mountains Serengeti Horn of Africa Afar Triangle Al-Habash Barbaria Danakil Alps Danakil Desert Ethiopian Highlands Dahlak Archipelago Hanish Islands Gulf of Aden Gulf of Tadjoura Red Sea Indian Ocean islands Comoro Islands Lamu Archipelago Madagascar Central Highlands Northern Highlands Zanzibar Archipelago Swahili coast
North	Eastern Desert Maghreb Ancient Libya Atlas Mountains Barbary Coast Gibraltar Arc Ifriqiya Nile Valley Nile Delta Bashmur Cataracts of the Nile Darfur Lower Egypt Lower Nubia Middle Egypt Nile Delta Nuba Mountains Nubia The Sudans Upper Egypt Tibesti Mountains Western Sahara
South	Rhodesia North South Thembuland Succulent Karoo Nama Karoo Bushveld Maputaland Highveld Fynbos Indian Ocean coastal belt Albany thickets Cape Floristic Region Skeleton Coast Kalahari Desert Okavango Delta Cape Peninsula False Bay
West	Pepper Coast Gold Coast Slave Coast Ivory Coast Cape Palmas Cape Mesurado Guinea region Guinean Forests of West Africa Upper Guinean forests Lower Guinean forests Guinean forest-savanna mosaic Guinea Highlands Gulf of Guinea Dahomey Gap Niger Basin Niger Delta Inner Niger Delta West Sudanian savanna Yorubaland
Macro-regions	Aethiopia Afromontane Arab world Commonwealth realm Equatorial Africa Françafrique Greater Middle East Guineo-Congolian region Islands of Africa List of countries where Arabic is an official language Mediterranean basin MENASA Middle East Middle East and North Africa Miombo woodlands Mittelafrika Negroland Northeast Africa Portuguese-speaking African countries Sahara Sahel Southeast Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Sudanian savanna Tropical Africa Zambezian region

v t e Regions ofAsia
Central (Turkestan)	Roof of the World Greater Middle East Aral Sea Aralkum Desert Caspian Sea Dead Sea Sea of Galilee Tartary Transoxiana Turan Greater Khorasan Ariana Arachosia Khwarazm Sistan Kazakhstania Kazakh Steppe Betpak-Dala Eurasian Steppe Kazakh Steppe Mongolian–Manchurian grassland Iranian plateau Altai Mountains Pamir Mountains Tian Shan Badakhshan Wakhan Corridor Wakhjir Pass Mount Imeon Mongolian Plateau Western Regions Taklamakan Desert Karakoram Trans-Karakoram Tract Siachen Glacier Tibetan Plateau
East (Northeast)	Orient Japanese Archipelago Northeastern Japan Arc Sakhalin Island Arc Korea Gobi Desert Taklamakan Desert Greater Khingan Mongolian Plateau Inner Asia Greater Central Asia Inner Mongolia Outer Mongolia China proper Manchuria Northeast China Northeast China Plain Outer Manchuria Mongolian–Manchurian grassland North China Plain Yan Mountains Liaodong Peninsula High-mountain Asia Himalayas Tibetan Plateau Karakoram Kunlun Mountains Qilian Mountains Hengduan Mountains Tarim Basin Qinling Mountains Sichuan Basin Northern Silk Road Hexi Corridor Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau Lingnan Liangguang Jiangnan Jianghuai Guanzhong Huizhou Wu Jiaozhou Zhongyuan Shaannan Ordos Loop Loess Plateau Shaanbei Hamgyong Mountains Central Mountain Range Japanese Alps Suzuka Mountains Leizhou Peninsula Gulf of Tonkin Yangtze Yangtze Delta Yellow River Pearl River Delta Yenisei Basin Altai Mountains Wakhan Corridor Wakhjir Pass Far East/Pacific Asia Ring of Fire Zomia Asia-Pacific Tropical Asia
North (Siberia)	Arctic Arctic Circle Inner Asia Northeast Ural Ural Mountains Far East/Pacific Asia Russian Far East Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga Beringia Chukchi Peninsula Kamchatka Peninsula Extreme North Tartary Siberia Baikalia (Lake Baikal) Baraba steppe Khatanga Gulf Transbaikal West Amur Basin Yenisei Gulf Yenisei Basin Sikhote-Alin Kolyma Bering Strait Ring of Fire Outer Manchuria Asia-Pacific
South (Indian Subcontinent)	Subregions Eastern Northern Northwestern Southern Orient Greater India Indian subcontinent Himalayas Kangchenjunga Nanda Devi Hindu Kush Bactria Carnatic region Tamilakam Western Ghats Eastern Ghats Ganges Basin Ganges Delta Guzgan Pashtunistan Punjab Balochistan Gedrosia Makran Marathwada Kashmir Kashmir Valley Pir Panjal Range Thar Desert Indus Valley Indus River Delta Indus Valley Desert Indo-Gangetic Plain Eastern Coastal Plains Kalinga Western Coastal Plains Meghalaya subtropical forests Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows Doab Bagar tract Great Rann of Kutch Little Rann of Kutch Deccan Plateau Coromandel Coast Konkan False Divi Point Hindi Belt Ladakh Aksai Chin Gilgit-Baltistan Baltistan Shigar Valley High-mountain Asia Karakoram Saltoro Mountains Siachen Glacier Bengal Bay of Bengal Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Halar Gulf of Mannar Palk Strait Trans-Karakoram Tract Wakhan Corridor Wakhjir Pass Lakshadweep Laccadive Islands Aminidivi Paropamisadae Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andaman Islands Nicobar Islands Maldives Alpide belt Zomia Asia-Pacific Tropical Asia
Southeast (East Indies)	Orient Sundaland Mainland/Indochina Northern Triangle temperate forests Maritime/Malay Archipelago Peninsular Malaysia Sunda Islands Greater Sunda Islands Lesser Sunda Islands Indonesian Archipelago/Nusantara Wallacea Timor Philippine Archipelago Luzon Mindanao Visayas Leyte Gulf Gulf of Thailand East Indies Nanyang Alpide belt Far East/Pacific Asia Ring of Fire Southeast Asian Massif Zomia Asia-Pacific Tropical Asia
West (Middle East and theSouth Caucasus)	Red Sea Hanish Islands Caspian Sea Mediterranean Sea Zagros Mountains Elam Persian Gulf Pirate Coast Strait of Hormuz Greater and Lesser Tunbs Al-Faw Peninsula Gulf of Oman Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Aden Balochistan Arabian Peninsula Najd Al-Yamama Hejaz Tihamah Eastern Arabia South Arabia Hadhramaut Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert Al-Sharat Tigris–Euphrates Mesopotamia Upper Mesopotamia Lower Mesopotamia Sawad Nineveh Plains Akkad (region) Babylonia Suhum Eastern Mediterranean Mashriq Eber-Nari Kurdistan Levant Levantine corridor Syria region Palestine region Transjordan Jordan Rift Valley Philistia Golan Heights Hula Valley Galilee Canaan Gilead Syrian Desert Judea Samaria Arabah Aram Aram-Naharaim Negev Phoenicia Retjenu Anti-Lebanon Mountains Bekaa valley Levantine Sea Sinai Peninsula Arabian Desert Fertile Crescent Iranian Azerbaijan Hauran Iranian plateau Dasht-e Kavir Armenian highlands Caucasus Caucasus Mountains Greater Caucasus Lesser Caucasus South Caucasus Shirvan Kur-Araz Lowland Lankaran Lowland Alborz Absheron Peninsula Kartli Anatolia Taurus Mountains Aeolis Paphlagonia Phasiane Isauria Ionia Bithynia Cilicia Cappadocia Caria Corduene Chaldia Doris Lycaonia Lycia Lydia Galatia Pisidia Pontus Mysia Arzawa Speri Sophene Biga Peninsula Troad Tuwana Alpide belt

v t e Regions ofEurope
North	Arctic Arctic Circle Nordic Northwestern Scandinavia Scandinavian Peninsula Fennoscandia Baltoscandia Jutland Gotland Sápmi Ingria West Nordic Baltic Baltic Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Iceland Faroe Islands British Isles English Channel Channel Islands Livonia Curonian Spit Nemunas Delta Cap of the North
East	Danubian countries Prussia Galicia Volhynia Dacia Wallachia Transylvania Moldavia Bukovina Bessarabia Livonia Ruthenia Carpathian Ruthenia Donbas Sloboda Ukraine Sambia Peninsula Amber Coast Curonian Spit Izium Trail Lithuania Minor Nemunas Delta Baltic Baltic Sea Vyborg Bay Karelia East Karelia Karelian Isthmus Lokhaniemi Southeastern Balkans Crimea Caucasus Greater Caucasus North Caucasus South Caucasus Kabardia European Russia Arctic Arctic Circle Taman Peninsula Southern Russia Kola Peninsula East European Plain Ryn Desert Cap of the North
Central	North European Plain Baltic Baltic Sea Alpine states Alpide belt Rhineland Eastphalia Westphalia Prussia Greater Poland Kuyavia Lesser Poland Lusatia Bohemia Mazovia Moravia Silesia Czech Silesia Pomerania Pomerelia Kashubia Bukovina Istria Transdanubia Polesia Germania Germania Slavica
West	Benelux Low Countries Northwest British Isles English Channel Channel Islands Cotentin Peninsula Doggerland Upper Rhine Plain Upper Rhine Gaul Gascony Normandy Brittany Septimania Batavia Gulf of Lion Iberia Al-Andalus Baetic System Meseta Central Pyrenees Alpide belt
South	Italy Po Valley (Padania) Italian Peninsula Tuscan Archipelago Insular Italy Aegadian Islands Occitania Iberia Al-Andalus Baetic System Meseta Central Gibraltar Arc Southeastern Epirus Rumelia Balkans Aegean Sea Aegean Islands Attica Boeotia Opuntian Locris Phocis Megaris Peloponnese Chalkidiki Aetolia Gulf of Chania Istria Great Vlachia Thrace Mediterranean Alpide belt
Related	Germanic Romance Celtic Slavic countries European Plain Eurasian Steppe Pontic–Caspian steppe Wild Fields Pannonian Basin Great Hungarian Plain Little Hungarian Plain Eastern Slovak Lowland Macaronesia
Regions of Europe

Regions ofNorth America

Upper Northern
(i.e.Canada andAlaska (US))

Eastern	Atlantic Canada The Maritimes Central Canada Great Lakes
Northern (Canada andAlaska)	North American Arctic Arctic Circle Canadian Arctic Archipelago Alaska Aleutian Arc Aleutian Islands Aleutian Range Alaska Peninsula Bering Strait Gulf of Alaska Greenland
Western	Pacific Northwest Cascadia Prairie Pothole Region
Acadia Acadian Peninsula Avalon Peninsula Bay de Verde Peninsula Banks Peninsula (Nunavut) Brodeur Peninsula Bruce Peninsula Canadian Prairies Canadian Shield Cook Peninsula Cypress Hills English Canada French Canada Gaspé Peninsula Georgian Bay Gulf Islands Gulf of Boothia Hudson Bay Interior Alaska–Yukon lowland taiga James Bay Kodiak Island Labrador Peninsula Melville Peninsula Newfoundland Island Palliser's Triangle Peace River Country Quebec City–Windsor Corridor Strait of Georgia The Maritimes Vancouver Island

Lower Northern
(i.e.United States)

Central	Midwest Upper Midwest Old Southwest Tallgrass prairie
Eastern	Appalachia East Coast Northeast Atlantic Northeast Mid-Atlantic New England Southeast Thirteen Colonies
Northern	East North Central states Great Lakes
Southern	Deep South Old South South Central Gulf Coast Upland South
Southwestern	Four Corners Great Basin Llano Estacado West Texas Santa Fe de Nuevo México Southern Rocky Mountains
Western	Basin and Range Province Northwest Cascadia Inland Northwest Pacific Northwest West Coast
Pacific Coast Ranges Oregon Trail Mormon corridor Calumet Region Llano Estacado Third Coast Backcountry Trans-Mississippi Great North Woods Great Plains Interior Plains Great Basin Great Basin Desert Acadia Ozarks Ark-La-Tex Waxhaws Siouxland Twin Tiers Driftless Area Palouse Piedmont Atlantic coastal plain Outer Lands Black Dirt Region Blackstone Valley Piney Woods Rocky Mountains Mountain states Intermountain West Mojave Desert The Dakotas Carolinas Shawnee Hills San Fernando Valley Tornado Alley North Coast Lost Coast Emerald Triangle San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Bay North Bay East Bay Silicon Valley Interior Alaska–Yukon lowland taiga Gulf of Mexico Lower Colorado River Valley Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta Colville Delta Arkansas Delta Mobile–Tensaw River Delta Mississippi Delta Mississippi River Delta Columbia River Estuary High Desert Monterey Peninsula Upper Peninsula of Michigan Lower Peninsula of Michigan Virginia Peninsula Keweenaw Peninsula Middle Peninsula Delmarva Peninsula Alaska Peninsula Kenai Peninsula Niagara Peninsula "Belt" regions Bible Belt Corn Belt Cotton Belt Rice Belt Rust Belt Sun Belt Snow Belt

Mexico

Central	Bajío Huasteca Islas Marías La Mixteca Mezquital Valley Revillagigedo Islands Sierra Gorda Tierra Caliente Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests Valley of Mexico
Northern	Baja California peninsula Basin and Range Province Comarca Lagunera Gulf of California Colorado River Delta Isla Llave Lerdo Landing Pimería Alta Salton Trough Sierra de San Francisco
Southern	Chiapas Highlands Isthmus of Tehuantepec Ku-Maloob-Zaap Petén Basin Puuc Sierra Madre de Chiapas Sierra Madre de Oaxaca Sierra Madre del Sur Soconusco Triangle of the Sun Yucatán Peninsula
Gulf of Mexico Sierra Madre Occidental Sierra Madre Oriental

Central

West Indies

North America portal

Australian Capital Territory	Canberra
Jervis Bay Territory	Jervis Bay Village Wreck Bay Village
New South Wales	Central Coast Central Tablelands Central West Far West Greater Blue Mountains Area Hunter Illawarra Mid North Coast Monaro New England North West Slopes Northern Rivers Northern Tablelands Orana Riverina South Coast South West Slopes Southern Highlands Southern Tablelands
Northern Territory	Arnhem Land Barkly Tableland Central Australia Darwin Katherine Top End
Queensland	Central West Central Darling Downs Far North Gulf Country North South East South West Wide Bay–Burnett
South Australia	Adelaide Hills Barossa Light and Lower North Eastern Adelaide Eyre Western Far North Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island Limestone Coast Murray and Mallee Northern Adelaide Southern Adelaide Western Adelaide Yorke and Mid North
Victoria	Barwon South West Gippsland Grampians Greater Melbourne Hume Loddon Mallee
Western Australia	Gascoyne Goldfields–Esperance Great Southern Greater Perth Perth Metropolitan Area Kimberley Mid West Peel Pilbara South West Wheatbelt

Tasmania

External Territories

Australian Indian Ocean Territories	Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands

New Zealand‡

North Island

South Island

Outlying Islands

NZ Subantarctic Islands	Antipodes Islands Auckland Islands Bounty Islands Campbell Islands Snares Islands

Melanesia

Island Melanesia

East Melanesian Islands

Solomon Islands Archipelago	Bougainville Bonis Peninsula Solomon Islands

New Guinea

Aru Islands

Papua New Guinea	Highlands Region Momase Region Huon Gulf Huon Peninsula Southern Region
Western New Guinea	Central Papua Highland Papua Papua South Papua Southwest Papua West Papua

Micronesia

Polynesia

Polynesian Triangle

Phoenix Islands	Canton Island Howland and Baker Islands Baker Island Howland Island

Polynesian Outliers

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
- Midway Atoll

‡also part of Polynesia

v t e Regions ofSouth America
East	Amazon basin Atlantic Forest Caatinga Cerrado
North	Caribbean South America West Indies Llanos The Guianas Amazon basin Amazon rainforest Gulf of Paria Paria Peninsula Paraguaná Peninsula Orinoco Delta
South	Tierra del Fuego Patagonia Pampas Pantanal Gran Chaco Chiquitano dry forests Valdes Peninsula Triple Frontier Río de la Plata Río de la Plata Basin
West	Andes Tropical Andes Wet Andes Dry Andes Pariacaca mountain range Altiplano Atacama Desert
Middle Latin Hispanic Bolivarian American Cordillera Ring of Fire LAC

v t e Earth'spolar regions
Antarctic	Antarctic Peninsula East Antarctica West Antarctica Eklund Islands Ecozone Extreme points Islands
Arctic	Arctic Alaska British Arctic Territories Canadian Arctic Archipelago Finnmark Greenland Northern Canada Northwest Territories Nunavik Nunavut Russian Arctic Sakha Sápmi Yukon North American Arctic

v t e Earth'soceans andseas
Antarctic/Southern Ocean	Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser-Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea
Arctic Ocean	Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Pechora Sea Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea
Atlantic Ocean	Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea American Mediterranean Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Lion Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Sidra Gulf of St. Lawrence Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Sea of Marmara Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea
Indian Ocean	Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea
Pacific Ocean	Arafura Sea Bali Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Java Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seram Sea Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea West Philippine Sea Yellow Sea
Endorheic basins	Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea
Others	Ancient oceans Ocean Sea Superocean
Oceans portal Category

Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)

Quaternary(present–2.58 Ma)	Holocene (present–11.7 ka) Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
Neogene(2.58–23.0 Ma)	Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene(23.0–66.0 Ma)	Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)

Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)

Cretaceous(66.0–145 Ma)	Late (66.0–100 Ma) Early (100–145 Ma)
Jurassic(145–201 Ma)	Late (145–164 Ma) Middle (164–174 Ma) Early (174–201 Ma)
Triassic(201–252 Ma)	Late (201–237 Ma) Middle (237–247 Ma) Early (247–252 Ma)

Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)

Permian(252–299 Ma)	Lopingian (252–260 Ma) Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous(299–359 Ma)	Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian(359–419 Ma)	Late (359–383 Ma) Middle (383–393 Ma) Early (393–419 Ma)
Silurian(419–444 Ma)	Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician(444–485 Ma)	Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470 Ma) Early (470–485 Ma)
Cambrian(485–539 Ma)	Furongian (485–497 Ma) Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) Series 2 (509–521 Ma) Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)

Neoproterozoic(539 Ma–1 Ga)	Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic(1–1.6 Ga)	Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic(1.6–2.5 Ga)	Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)

Archean Eon(2.5–4 Ga)

Hadean Eon(4–4.6 Ga)

ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago);Ma = megaannum (million years ago);Ga = gigaannum (billion years ago).
See also:Geologic time scale •

Geology portal •

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Northern	Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Tunisia
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Asia

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Southeastern	Burma Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
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Western	Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Cyprus Georgia Iran Iraq Israel Jewish Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen

Europe

Eastern	Austria Belarus Czech Republic Germany German Turks Hungary Moldova Poland Romania Russia Russian Empire Soviet Union Slovakia Switzerland Ukraine
Northern	Denmark Estonia Faroe Islands Finland Iceland Latvia Lithuania Norway Sweden
Southern	Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Greece Italy Kosovo Malta Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Yugoslavia Slovenia
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Americas

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Africa	Cape Town 1877 Kimberley 1892–1893 Johannesburg 1936–1937
Asia	Calcutta 1883–1884 Hanoi 1902 Nanking 1910 Semarang 1914 Hangzhou 1929 Taihoku (Taipei) 1935 Nagoya 1937 Clark 1998 Shenyang 2006
Europe	London 1756 Dublin 1853 Manchester 1857 Porto 1865 Stockholm 1866 London 1871–1874 Lyon 1872 Vienna 1873 Amsterdam 1883 Liverpool 1886 London 1886 Copenhagen 1888 Glasgow 1888 Frankfurt 1891 Prague 1891 Lyon 1894 Oporto 1894 Berlin 1896 Stockholm 1897 Glasgow 1901 Cork 1902 London 1905 London 1906 Marseille 1906 Dublin 1907 London 1908 Zaragoza 1908 London 1910 Dresden 1911 London 1911 London 1912 Lyon 1914 Cologne 1914 London 1914 Kristiania 1914 Malmö 1914 London 1921 Marseille 1922 Gothenburg 1923 British Empire Exhibition 1924–1925 Antwerp 1930 Stockholm 1930 Paris 1931 Porto 1934 Glasgow 1938 Stockholm 1943
North America	New York City 1826–1897 Bryant Park, New York City 1853 Atlanta 1881 Louisville 1883–1887 New Orleans 1884 Atlanta 1887 San Francisco 1894 Atlanta 1895 Nashville 1897 Omaha 1898 Buffalo 1901 Charleston 1901–1902 Portland, Oregon 1905 Jamestown 1907 Seattle 1909 Knoxville 1913 San Diego 1915–1917 Bronx 1918 Philadelphia 1926 San Diego 1935–1936 Dallas 1936 Cleveland 1936–1937 Dallas 1937 San Francisco 1939–1940 Chicago 1940 New York City 1964–1965
Oceania	Geelong 1862 Melbourne 1866 Sydney 1870 Melbourne 1875 Brisbane 1876 Sydney 1879 Adelaide 1887 Melbourne 1888 Dunedin 1889 Christchurch 1906 Auckland 1913–1914 Dunedin 1925 Wellington 1939–1940
South America	Santiago 1875 Buenos Aires 1910 Rio de Janeiro 1922

^†Postponed to 2021 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic

v t e Carnival around the world
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Nations	Summer Olympics Winter Olympics tropical nations Country codes
Host cities	Bids youth Venues youth Olympic Stadium
Ceremonies	People who opened the Olympics Torch relays Torch designs lighters of the Olympic cauldron Olympic Mass
Media	Television Olympic Broadcasting Services Olympic Channel American Social media Films summer winter Video games
Symbols	Flame Olympiad Oath Songs and anthems Hymn Emblem Poster Mascots Tattoo Coins summer (pre-2000) summer (2000-present) winter Pierre de Coubertin Medal Olympic Cup Olympic Diploma of Merit Olympic Laurel Olympic Order Olive wreath
Other	Art competitions at the Olympics medalists Scandals and controversies antisemitism colonialism doping Deaths WWI WWII Participation of women
Related	Paralympic Games Continental African Asian European Pacific Pan-American Olympic Esports Series Olympic Esports Games Deaflympics Special Olympics 1906 Intercalated Games Ancient Olympic Games Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports

Olympic Games

Summer

Winter

Youth Olympic Games
Summer	2010 Singapore 2014 Nanjing 2018 Buenos Aires 2026 Dakar 2030
Winter	2012 Innsbruck 2016 Lillehammer 2020 Lausanne 2024 Gangwon 2028 Dolomiti Valtellina
^Cancelled due toWorld War I ^^a ^b ^c ^dCancelled due toWorld War II ^Postponed to 2021 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic

Economic classification of countries

Three-World Model

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Nominal	By country past and projected per capita per capita
Purchasing power parity (PPP)	By country future estimates per capita per capita per person employed

Gross national income (GNI)

Wages

Wealth

Othernational accounts

Human development

Digital divide

Net international
investment position (NIIP)

Economics portal

Global catastrophic risks

Technological

Sociological

Ecological

Climate change

Earth Overshoot Day

Biological

Extinction	Extinction event Holocene extinction Human extinction List of extinction events Genetic erosion Genetic pollution
Others	Biodiversity loss Decline in amphibian populations Decline in insect populations Biotechnology risk Biological agent Biological warfare Bioterrorism Colony Collapse Disorder Defaunation Dysgenics Interplanetary contamination Pandemic Pollinator decline Overfishing

Astronomical

Eschatological

Others

Fictional

Organizations

Categories

World War I

Theatres

European	Balkans Serbia Western Front Eastern Front Romania Italian Front
Middle Eastern	Gallipoli Sinai and Palestine Caucasus Persia Mesopotamia South Arabia
African	South West East Kamerun Togoland North
Asian and Pacific	Tsingtao German Samoa German New Guinea
Naval warfare	U-boat campaign North Atlantic Mediterranean

Principal
participants

Entente powers	Leaders Belgium Brazil China France French Empire Greece Italy Japan Montenegro Portuguese Empire Romania Russia Russian Empire Russian Republic Serbia Siam United Kingdom British Empire United States
Central Powers	Leaders Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

Timeline

Pre-War conflicts	Franco-Prussian War Scramble for Africa (1880–1914) Russo-Japanese War (1905) Tangier Crisis (1905–06) Bosnian Crisis (1908–09) Agadir Crisis (1911) Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) First Balkan War (1912–13) Second Balkan War (1913)
Prelude	Origins Sarajevo assassination Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo July Crisis
Autumn 1914	Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Cer First Battle of the Marne Siege of Tsingtao Battle of Tannenberg Battle of Galicia First Battle of the Masurian Lakes Battle of Kolubara Battle of Sarikamish Race to the Sea First Battle of Ypres
1915	Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes Second Battle of Ypres Sinking of the RMSLusitania Battle of Gallipoli Second Battle of Artois Battles of the Isonzo Gorlice–Tarnów offensive Great Retreat Second Battle of Champagne Kosovo offensive Siege of Kut Battle of Loos
1916	Erzurum offensive Battle of Verdun Lake Naroch offensive Battle of Asiago Battle of Jutland Battle of the Somme first day Brusilov offensive Baranovichi offensive Battle of Romani Monastir offensive Battle of Transylvania
1917	Capture of Baghdad February Revolution Zimmermann telegram Second Battle of Arras Second Battle of the Aisne Kerensky offensive Battle of Mărăști Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) Battle of Mărășești Third Battle of Oituz Battle of Caporetto Southern Palestine offensive October Revolution Battle of Cambrai Armistice of Focșani Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1918	Operation Faustschlag Treaty of Brest-Litovsk German spring offensive Zeebrugge Raid Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 Battle of Goychay Second Battle of the Piave River Second Battle of the Marne Hundred Days Offensive Vardar offensive Battle of Megiddo Third Transjordan attack Meuse–Argonne offensive Battle of Vittorio Veneto Armistice of Salonica Armistice of Mudros Armistice of Villa Giusti Second Romanian campaign Armistice with Germany Armistice of Belgrade
Other conflicts	Somaliland campaign (1900–1920) Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) Libyan resistance (1911–1932) Muscat rebellion (1913–1920) Maritz rebellion (1914–15) Zaian War (1914–1921) Kurdish rebellions (1914–1917) Kelantan rebellion (1915) Senussi campaign (1915–16) Volta-Bani War (1915–1917) Easter Rising (1916) Darfur Expedition (1916) Kaocen revolt (1916–17) Central Asian Revolt (1916-17) Russian Revolution (1917) Manchu Restoration (1917) Finnish Civil War (1918)
Post-War conflicts	Russian Civil War (1917–1921) Soviet–Ukrainian War (1917–1921) Armenian–Azerbaijani War (1918–1920) Armeno-Georgian War (1918) German Revolution (1918–19) Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920) Hungarian–Romanian War (1918–19) Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19) Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920) Latvian War of Independence (1918–1920) Lithuanian Wars of Independence (1918–1920) Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–19) Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919) Egyptian Revolution (1919) Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921) Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) Turkish War of Independence Franco-Turkish War (1918-1921) Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) Turkish–Armenian War (1920) Iraqi revolt (1920) Polish–Lithuanian War (1920) Vlora War (1920) Franco-Syrian War (1920) Soviet–Georgian War (1921)

Aspects

Warfare	Trench warfare Chemical weapons Naval warfare Convoy system Air warfare Strategic bombing Cryptography Horse use
Atrocities Civilian impact	Spanish flu Blockade of Germany Deportations from East Prussia Destruction of Kalisz Ottoman people Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Pontic Greek genocide Rape of Belgium Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia Bulgarian occupations Albania Serbia German occupations Belgium Luxembourg Northeastern France Ober Ost Russian occupations Eastern Galicia Western Armenia
Agreements	Constantinople Agreement Treaty of London Damascus Protocol Bulgaria–Germany treaty Sykes–Picot Agreement Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement Paris Economy Pact Treaty of Bucharest Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Peace treaties	Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Bucharest Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles Treaty of St. Germain Treaty of Neuilly Treaty of Trianon Treaty of Sèvres Treaty of Lausanne

Category

World War II

Outline
Military engagements
- Battles
- Operations
Leaders
Casualties
Conferences

General

Topics	Air warfare of World War II In Europe Blitzkrieg Comparative military ranks Cryptography Declarations of war Diplomacy Governments in exile Home front Australian United Kingdom United States Lend-Lease Manhattan Project British contribution Military awards Military equipment Military production Naval history Nazi plunder Opposition Technology Allied cooperation Mulberry harbour Total war Strategic bombing Puppet states Women Art and World War II
Theaters	Asia and Pacific China South-East Asia Pacific North and Central Pacific South-West Pacific Indian Ocean Europe Western Front Eastern Front Mediterranean and Middle East North Africa East Africa Italy West Africa Atlantic timeline Americas
Aftermath	Chinese Civil War Cold War Decolonization Division of Korea First Indochina War Expulsion of Germans Greek Civil War Indonesian National Revolution Keelhaul Marshall Plan Occupation of Germany Occupation of Japan Osoaviakhim Paperclip Soviet occupations Baltic Hungary Poland Romania Territorial changes of Germany Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany United Nations
War crimes	Allied war crimes Soviet war crimes British war crimes United States war crimes German war crimes forced labour Wehrmacht war crimes The Holocaust Aftermath Response Nuremberg trials Italian war crimes Japanese war crimes Unit 731 Prosecution Croatian war crimes Genocide of Serbs Persecution of Jews Romanian war crimes Sexual violence German military brothels Camp brothels Rape during the occupation of Japan Sook Ching Comfort women Ianjo Rape of Nanking Rape of Manila Marocchinate Rape during the occupation of Germany Rape during the liberation of France Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland

Participants

Allies	Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria (from September 1944) Canada China Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Ethiopia Eswatini (Swaziland) Finland (from September 1944) France Free France Greece India Italy (from September 1943) Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands Newfoundland New Zealand Norway Philippines Poland Romania (from August 1944) Sierra Leone South Africa Southern Rhodesia Soviet Union Tuva United Kingdom British Empire United States Puerto Rico Yugoslavia
Axis	Albania protectorate Bulgaria (until September 1944) Wang Jingwei regime Croatia Finland (until September 1944) Germany Hungary Free India Iraq Italy (until September 1943) Italian Social Republic Japan Manchukuo Philippines Romania (until August 1944) Slovakia Thailand Vichy France
Resistance	Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech lands Denmark Dutch East Indies Estonia Ethiopia France Germany Greece Hong Kong Italy Japan Jews Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaya Netherlands Northeast China Norway Philippines Poland Romania Thailand Soviet Union Slovakia Western Ukraine Vietnam Yugoslavia
POWs	Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union German prisoners Soviet Union Azerbaijan United States United Kingdom Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union Japanese prisoners Soviet Union Soviet prisoners Finland mistreatment by Germans Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union

Timeline

Prelude	Africa Asia Europe
1939	Poland Phoney War Winter War Atlantic Changsha China
1940	Weserübung Netherlands Belgium France Armistice of 22 June 1940 Britain North Africa West Africa British Somaliland North China Baltic States Moldova Indochina Greece Compass
1941	East Africa Yugoslavia Shanggao Greece Crete Iraq Soviet Union Summer War Finland (Silver Fox) Lithuania Syria and Lebanon Kiev Iran Leningrad Gorky Moscow Sevastopol Pearl Harbor Hong Kong Philippines Changsha Malaya Borneo (1941–1942) Greek famine of 1941–1944
1942	Burma Changsha Java Sea Coral Sea Gazala Dutch Harbor Attu (occupation) Kiska Zhejiang-Jiangxi Midway Rzhev Blue Stalingrad Singapore St Nazaire Dieppe El Alamein Guadalcanal Torch Chinese famine of 1942–1943
1943	Tunisia Kursk Smolensk Gorky Solomon Islands Attu Sicily Cottage Lower Dnieper Italy Armistice of Cassibile Gilbert and Marshall Islands Burma Northern Burma and Western Yunnan Changde Bengal famine of 1943
1944	Monte Cassino /Anzio Narva Korsun–Cherkassy Tempest Ichi-Go Overlord Neptune Mariana and Palau Bagration Western Ukraine Tannenberg Line Warsaw Eastern Romania Belgrade Paris Dragoon Gothic Line Market Garden Estonia Crossbow Pointblank Lapland Hungary Leyte Ardennes Bodenplatte Philippines (1944–1945) Burma (1944–1945) Dutch famine of 1944–1945
1945	Vistula–Oder Iwo Jima Western invasion of Germany Okinawa Italy (Spring 1945) Borneo Syrmian Front Berlin Czechoslovakia Budapest West Hunan Guangxi Surrender of Germany document Project Hula Manchuria Manila Taipei Naval bombardment of Japan Atomic bombings Debate Kuril Islands Shumshu Vietnamese famine of 1945 Surrender of Japan document End of World War II in Asia