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Thevisual arts areart forms such aspainting,drawing,printmaking,sculpture,ceramics,photography,video,image,filmmaking,design,crafts, andarchitecture. Manyartistic disciplines such asperforming arts,conceptual art, andtextile arts, also involve aspects of the visual arts, as well as arts of other types. Within the visual arts, theapplied arts, such asindustrial design,graphic design,fashion design,interior design, anddecorative art are also included.
Current usage of the term "visual arts" includesfine art as well asapplied ordecorative arts andcrafts, but this was not always the case. Before theArts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, crafts, or applied visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Arts and Crafts Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms.Art schools made a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner ofthe arts.
The increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, above other arts has been a feature ofWestern art as well asEast Asian art. In both regions, painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the artist and being the furthest removed from manual labour – inChinese painting, the most highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at least in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Westernhierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes. (Full article...)
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Portrait of Mariana of Austria is a 1652–1653oil-on-canvas painting byDiego Velázquez, the leading artist of theSpanish Golden Age, existing in a number of versions. Its subject,Doña Mariana (known as Maria Anna), was the daughter ofEmperor Ferdinand III andMaria Anna of Spain. She was nineteen years old when the painting was completed. Although described as vivacious and fun-loving in life, she is given an unhappy expression in Velázquez's portrait. The portrait is painted in shades of black and red, and her face is heavily made up. Her right hand rests on the back of a chair, and she holds a lace handkerchief in her left hand. Herbodice is decorated with jewellery, including a gold necklace, bracelets and a large goldbrooch. A clock rests on scarlet drapery behind her, signifying her status and discernment.
Mariana had beenbetrothed to her first cousin, PrinceBaltasar Carlos. He died in 1646 aged sixteen, and in 1649 she married her uncle, Baltasar Carlos's father,Philip IV, who sought her hand so as to preserve thehegemony of theHabsburg dynasty. She becamequeen consort on their marriage, and after her husband's death in September 1665,regent during theminority of her son,Charles II, until he came of age in 1675. Owing to Charles' inhibiting physical weaknesses, she dominated the political life in Spain until her death in 1696. (Full article...)
| “ | Drawing is like making an expressive gesture with the advantage of permanence. | ” |
| —Henri Matisse, unknown |
Xue Susu (Chinese:薛素素; also known asXue Wu (薛五),Xuesu (薛素),Sujun, among other pen names) (c.1564–1650? C.E.) was a Chinesecourtesan during theMing Dynasty. She was an accomplished painter and poet who was particularly noted for her figure paintings, which included many Buddhist subjects. Her works are held in a number of museums both in China and elsewhere. Her skill at mounted archery was commented upon by a number of contemporary writers, as were her masculine, martial tendencies; these were regarded as an attractive feature by theliterati of the period.
She lived in Eastern China, residing for most of her life in theZhejiang andJiangsu districts. After a career as a celebrated courtesan inNanjing, Xue Susu was married four times. During her later life, she eventually opted for the life of a Buddhist recluse. (Full article...)
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