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Portal:Turkey

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Merhaba! Türkiye portalına hoş geldiniz. Hi! Welcome to the Turkey portal.

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Turkey, officially theRepublic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located inAnatolia inWest Asia, with a relatively small part calledEast Thrace inSoutheast Europe. It borders theBlack Sea to the north;Georgia,Armenia,Azerbaijan, andIran to the east;Iraq,Syria, and theMediterranean Sea to the south; and theAegean Sea,Greece, andBulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnicTurks, whileKurds are thelargest ethnic minority. Officiallya secular state, Turkey hasa Muslim-majority population.Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city.Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities includeİzmir,Bursa, andAntalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during theLate Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home tovarious ancient peoples. TheHattians were assimilated by theHittites and otherAnatolian peoples.Classical Anatolia transitioned into culturalHellenization afterAlexander the Great's conquests, and laterRomanization during theRoman andByzantine eras. TheSeljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting theTurkification process. The SeljukSultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until theMongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated intoTurkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, theOttomans united the principalities andexpanded.Mehmed II conqueredConstantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns ofSelim I andSuleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became aglobal power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes,reforms, centralization, andrising nationalism whileits territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries,persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction andin the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life andmass migration into modern-day Turkey from theBalkans,Caucasus, andCrimea. Under the control of theThree Pashas, the Ottoman Empireentered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committedgenocides against itsArmenian,Greek, andAssyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, theTurkish War of Independence resulted in theabolition of the sultanate and the signing of theTreaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenousnation state. The Republicwas proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled onthe reforms initiated by the country's founder and first president,Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkeyremained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in theKorean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is anupper-middle-income andemerging country;its economy is the world's16th-largest by nominal and11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is aunitary presidentialrepublic. Turkey is a founding member of theOECD,G20, andOrganization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is aNATO member and hasits second-largest military force. It may be recognized as anemerging, amiddle, and aregional power. Asan EU candidate, Turkey is part of theEU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains,a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges with rising elevation eastwards.Turkey's climate is diverse, ranging fromMediterranean and othertemperate climates tosemi-arid andcontinental types. Home to threebiodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone tofrequent earthquakes and ishighly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey hasa universal healthcare system, growingaccess to education, and increasing levels ofinnovativeness. It is a leadingTV content exporter. With numerous UNESCOWorld Heritage sites andintangible cultural heritage inscriptions, anda rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is thefourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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Mural depicting human rights in Turkey. The listed rights are: consumption rights, the right of a clean environment, the right to obtain information, the right to life, voting rights, the right to education,freedom of thought, right tohealth,equality,habeas corpus.

Human rights inTurkey are protected by a variety ofinternational law treaties, which take precedence overdomestic legislation, according to Article 90 of the 1982Constitution. TheInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) was not signed by Turkey until 2000. As of today, however, Turkey is party to 16 out of 18 internationalhuman rights treaties of theUnited Nations.The issue of human rights is of high importance for thenegotiations with the European Union (EU).

As of 2025, theFreedom House rated Turkey's human rights at 33 out of 100 (not free). (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of theGarip Movement in Turkish poetry. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 2Regions of Roman Anatolia (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 3Anoil wrestling tournament inIstanbul. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 4Mount Ararat (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 5The sultan of the golden age,Suleiman the Magnificent. (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 6Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolificTurkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of theStruga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 7Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 8Anıtkabir designed byEmin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 9Mount Nemrut,Adıyaman (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 10Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 11The Nation's Library of the Presidency,Ankara (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 12Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 13Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 14The Ottoman Empire in1683, at the start of theGreat Turkish War (1683–1699) (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 15Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-centuryOttoman Empire. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 16Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building inTurkey and 4th inEurope. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 17Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the2010 FIBA World Championship. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 18Lake Van (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 19A view ofLevent fromKanlıca across theBosporus. (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 20Designed by Şekip Akalın,Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notableart deco design of its era. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 21Entrance portal of theKaratay Madrasa inKonya (c. 1251) (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 22View ofBeydağları Coastal National Park (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 23Selimiye Mosque inEdirne (1568–1574) (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 24Mount Erciyes nearKayseri (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 25Istanbul LGBT Pride 2013 atTaksim Square duringGezi Park protests (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 26Butterfly Valley on theTurkish Riviera. (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 27Visit ofKaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to Turkey in October 1917. Together with theMehmed V andEnver Pasha (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 28View ofDilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 29Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 30Beaches and marina ofKemer nearAntalya on theTurkish Riviera. (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 31Kaçkar Mountains. (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 32Map of Istanbul by the miniature artistMatrakçı Nasuh (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 33Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters ofTurkish shadow play, popularized during theOttoman period. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 34Ankara Opera House, designed byŞevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation byPaul Bonatz (1946–47). (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 35Ankara (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 36Köppen climate types of Turkey (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 37Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006Nobel Prize in Literature. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 38Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, theHagia Sophia inIstanbul was built by theByzantines in the 6th century. (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 39View fromLevent district inIstanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 40Mehmed II enters Constantinople byFausto Zonaro (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 41Bronze Age Anatolia (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 42The empire in 555 underJustinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of theWestern Roman Empire (itsvassals in pink) (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 43Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed bySedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 44Yalikavak Palmarina inBodrum (2014) designed byEmre Arolat (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 45FirstZiraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) inAnkara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 46Roosevelt,İnönü andChurchill at theSecond Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 47Turkish coffee (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 48Atatürk on the cover of theTime magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (fromHistory of Turkey)
Image 49Map showing theAnatolian Plate, theNorth Anatolian Fault andEast Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 50Night view of theTaksim Mosque (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 51Antalya (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 52Turkish delight (fromCulture of Turkey)
Image 53Istanbul (fromGeography of Turkey)
Image 54Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (fromHistory of Turkey)

Did you know -show different entries

... that former Turkish Minister of Customs and Monopolies,Tuncay Mataracı, was sentenced in 1982 to a 36-year term of imprisonment forbribery and abuse of power? (February 24, 2014)
... that theOttoman frigateErtuğrul disaster, which occurred in 1890 offKushimoto, led to strengthening foreign relations betweenTurkey andJapan? (January 16, 2008)Wikipedia:Recent additions 200
... that theManastır Mosque
(pictured) inIstanbul is one of the few survivingByzantine religious buildings ofConstantinople whosededication remains uncertain? (November 9, 2010)
... thatwomen's football forwardSeyhan Gündüz wascapped 32 times internationally, scoring 12 goals, a rate of 0.375 a match? (January 28, 2014)
... thatLeyla Güngör scored a goal againstSpain in her first game as a member of theTurkey women's national football team? (December 23, 2013)
... thatMehmet Gürs, aTurkish chef ofScandinavian descent, called hisIstanbul restaurantMikla, which is derived fromMiklagard, theViking name of the city in the 10th century? (November 15, 2012)
... that theTigris River's tributary, theBotan in southeasternTurkey, looks during times of peak discharge much bigger than the Tigris? (December 26, 2008)Wikipedia:Recent additions 237

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Selected picture

Image 1Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 2Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 3Lake Akdoğan inMuş
Image 4Atatürk praying
Image 5Safranbolu
Image 6Ölüdeniz
Image 7The Temple of Athena atPriene, an ancient site near Turunçlar inAydın province.
Image 8theSelimiye Mosque inEdirne
Image 9Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 10Anairplane with anazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 11theBosphorus Bridge
Image 12A faculty ofSakarya University
Image 13The sun setting over theGolden Horn in the city ofIstanbul.
Image 14Lahmacun
Image 15The ancientLake Abant Nature Park inBolu
Image 16Rize
Image 17Tünel,Istanbul
Image 18Mount Nemrut
Image 19Cappadocia
Image 20Antalya
Image 21AKocek
Image 22The tughra ofMahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 231. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 24Aydilge Sarp;Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 25Atram inIstanbul
Image 2618th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 27Kemer

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Atatürk,c. 1930

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal andstatesman who was thefounding father of theRepublic of Turkey, serving as its firstpresident from 1923 untilhis death in 1938. He undertook sweepingreforms, which modernized Turkey into asecular, industrializing nation. Ideologically asecularist andnationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known asKemalism.

Born inSalonica in theOttoman Empire, his earlymilitary career saw him involved in theItalo-Turkish andBalkan Wars, but he rose to prominence with his role in theDefence of Gallipoli duringWorld War I. Following the defeat of the empire after the war, he led theTurkish National Movement, which resisted the empire's partition among the victoriousAllied powers. Establishing the provisional "Ankara government", he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from theTurkish War of Independence. During and after the war, the ethnic cleansing of Armenians and Greeks from Anatolia outside of Istanbul, including the Kars regioninvaded by the Kemalist armies, was largely completed via large-scale massacres, flight, expulsions, and thepopulation exchange between Greece and Turkey. His government subsequently proceeded toabolish the Ottoman sultanate in 1922 andproclaimed the Republic of Turkey in its place in 1923. (Full article...)

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Paragliding inÖlüdeniz area,Muğla

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women.

”

~Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya,Byzantine Empire,SMS Goeben,The Turk,List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire,Istanbul,Italian War of 1521–1526,Italian War of 1542–1546,List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire,Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit,2008 Turkish Grand Prix,Battle of Manzikert,Battle of Marash,Battle of Vaslui,Church of St. Polyeuctus,First Crusade,Great Zab,Hood event,Limyra Bridge,Siege of Szigetvár,Night Attack at Târgoviște,Third Perso-Turkic War,Walls of Constantinople,Gallipoli Campaign,Battle of Lone Pine

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Provinces

Provinces of Turkey

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Topics

Turkey

History

Ancient and Middle Ages	Prehistory of Anatolia Classical Anatolia Byzantine Anatolia
Seljuks andBeyliks	Seljuk Empire Battle of Manzikert Sultanate of Rum Anatolian beyliks
Ottoman Empire	Rise Classical Age Conquest of Constantinople Transformation Ottoman Old Regime Tulip era Decline and modernization Tanzimat First Constitutional Era Second Constitutional Era Dissolution Partition
Republic of Türkiye	War of Independence Proclamation of the republic Atatürk's reforms Language reform Secularism One-party period Multi-party period
Overviews	Constitutional Economic Ottoman Military
Topics	Turkic migration Oghuz Turks Turkification Ancient peoples of Anatolia History of Anatolia History of Thrace

Geography

Regions (west to east)	Marmara region Aegean region Mediterranean region Black Sea region Central Anatolia region Eastern Anatolia region Southeastern Anatolia region
Topics	Climate Climate change Earthquakes East Anatolian Fault North Anatolian Fault Environmental issues Air pollution Waste management Fauna Flora and vegetation Geology Lakes Mountains National parks Rivers Turkish Riviera Wildlife

Government

Branches	Legislative Executive Cabinet Judicial Constitutional Court Court of Cassation Court of Jurisdictional Disputes Council of State
Politics	Elections Parliamentary elections Presidential elections Electoral system Political parties Referendums
Topics	Administrative divisions Foreign relations Intelligence Services Ministry of the Interior National Police Gendarmerie The constitutional system Turkish Armed Forces Air Force Land Navy

Economy

Demographics

Society

Culture	Anthem Architecture Seljuk Ottoman Art Carpet Cinema Cuisine Ottoman Festivals Flag Folk dance Folklore Illumination Intangible cultural heritage Literature Media TV Newspapers Radio stations Miniature Music Names Painting Pottery Sports Football Theater TV series Video games Wine World heritage sites