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Atropical cyclone is astorm system characterized by a largelow-pressure center, a closed low-level circulation and a spiral arrangement of numerousthunderstorms that produce strongwinds and heavyrainfall. Tropical cyclones feed on the heat released when moistair rises, resulting incondensation ofwater vapor contained in the moist air. They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such asNor'easters,European windstorms andpolar lows, leading to their classification as "warm core" storm systems. Most tropical cyclones originate in thedoldrums, approximately ten degrees from theEquator.
The term "tropical" refers to both the geographic origin of these systems, which form almost exclusively intropical regions of the globe, as well as to their formation in maritime tropicalair masses. The term "cyclone" refers to such storms'cyclonic nature, withanticlockwise rotation in theNorthern Hemisphere andclockwise rotation in theSouthern Hemisphere. Depending on its location and intensity, a tropical cyclone may be referred to by names such as "hurricane", "typhoon", "tropical storm", "cyclonic storm", "tropical depression" or simply "cyclone".
Types of cyclone: 1. A "Typhoon" is a tropical cyclone located in the North-west Pacific Ocean which has the most cyclonic activity and storms occur year-round. 2. A "Hurricane" is also a tropical cyclone located at the North Atlantic Ocean or North-east Pacific Ocean which have an average storm activity and storms typically form between May 15 and November 30. 3. A "Cyclone" is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Hurricane Georges (/ʒɔːrʒ/) was a powerful and long-livedtropical cyclone which caused severe destruction as it traversed theCaribbean andGulf of Mexico in September 1998, making seven landfalls along its path. Georges was the seventh tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the1998 Atlantic hurricane season. It became one of the most destructive storm of theseason, thecostliest Atlantic hurricane sinceHurricane Andrew in1992 and remained the costliest untilHurricane Charley in2004, and the deadliest sinceHurricane Gordon in 1994. Georges killed 615 people, mainly on the island ofHispaniola, caused extensive damage resulting in just under $10 billion (US dollars in 1998) in damages and leaving nearly 500,000 people homeless inSt. Kitts and Nevis,Puerto Rico,Hispaniola and Cuba.
The hurricane made landfall in at least six countries (Antigua and Barbuda,St. Kitts and Nevis,Haiti, theDominican Republic,Cuba, and theUnited States), more than any other hurricane sinceHurricane Inez of the1966 season. Throughout its path of destruction, it caused extreme flooding and mudslides, as well as heavy crop damage. Thousands were left homeless as a result of the storm in theLesser Antilles, and damage in those islands totaled about US$880 million. In theGreater Antilles, hundreds of deaths were confirmed, along with over $2.4 billion in damages. Hundreds of thousands were left homeless, due to catastrophic flooding, torrential rainfall, and highstorm surge. Flooding was exacerbated heavily by coastal defenses being broken from high waves. Crops were heavily damaged, and thousands of houses were destroyed due to mudslides. (Full article...)
The1975 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1975, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1975, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1975. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when mosttropical cyclones form in the northeastPacific Ocean.
The 1975 Pacific hurricane season was slightly above average, with 17 tropical storms forming. Of these, 9 became hurricanes, and 4 became major hurricanes by reaching Category 3 or higher on theSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The only notable storms areHurricane Olivia, which killed 30 people, caused $30 million (1975 USD) in damage, and left thousands homeless when it made landfall in October; and an unnamed hurricane that developed at very high latitude, but had no effect on land. Hurricane Denise was the strongest storm of the year. Hurricanes Lily and Katrina passed close toSocorro Island and Tropical Storm Eleanor made landfall inMexico. Hurricane Agatha sank a ship.
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The1995 Pacific hurricane season had below average activity, the firstseason to do since1979. The season saw eleventropical cyclones form, of which ten becamenamed tropical storms. Seven of these storms attained hurricane status, and three of them becomingmajor hurricanes. There were fewer tropical storms than the average of 16, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average. The season officially started on May 15, 1995, in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995, in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season beingHurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico. The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette, which reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), but did not significantly affect land. Hurricane Adolph was an early-season Category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Henriette brushed theBaja California Peninsula in early September. (Full article...)
Italicized basins are unofficial.
Last updated: 16:19, 27 November 2025 (UTC)
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Anoff-season Atlantic hurricane is atropical orsubtropical cyclone that existed in theAtlantic basin outside of the officialAtlantic hurricane season. TheNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration currently defines the season as occurring between June 1 and November 30 each calendar year, which is when 97% of all Atlantic tropical cyclones occur. Peak activity is known to be between August and October. Between 1938, when theUnited States Weather Bureau began issuingtropical cyclone warnings as a collaborative observation network for cities along the U.S. coastline, and 1963, the season was defined between June 15 and November 15. In 1964, the season was extended to begin on June 1 and end on November 30, which remains the official length of the season.
As of 2023[update], there have been 92 off-season cyclones recorded in the official Atlantic hurricane database, which dates back to1851. In addition, six earlier such storms have been documented, but are not part of the database. The first off-season storm in the database was an1865 storm that developed in theCaribbean Sea; an earlier documented1863 hurricane is not part of the database. The most recent off-season system was an unnamed January subtropical storm in2023. (Full article...)
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