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Portal:Telephones

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The Telephones Portal

Atelephone, commonly shortened tophone, is atelecommunications device that enables two or more users to conduct aconversation when they are too far apart to be easily heard directly. A telephone convertssound, typically and most efficiently thehuman voice, into electronicsignals that are transmitted viacables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The term is derived fromAncient Greek:τῆλε,romanized: tēle,lit. 'far' andφωνή (phōnē,voice), together meaningdistant voice.

In 1876,Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United Statespatent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. This instrument was further developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable inbusiness,government, and inhouseholds. (Full article...)

TheSamsung Galaxy Z series arefoldable smartphones.

Amobile phone orcell phone is a portable wirelesstelephone that allows users to make and receivecalls over aradio frequency link while moving within a designated telephone service area, unlike fixed-location phones (landline phones). This radio frequency link connects to the switching systems of amobile phone operator, providing access to thepublic switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephony relies on acellular network architecture, which is why mobile phones are often referred to as 'cell phones' in North America. (Full article...)

This page is currently beingsplit out.
Consensus to split out this page into History of smartphones has been found. You can help implement the split by following the resolution on the discussion and thesplitting instructions.

Asmartphone is amobile device that combines the functionality of a traditionalmobile phone with advancedcomputing capabilities. It typically has atouchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such asweb browsing,email, andsocial media, as well asmultimedia playback andstreaming. Smartphones have built-incameras,GPS navigation, and support for various communication methods, including voice calls,text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps. Smartphones are distinguished from older-designfeature phones by their more advanced hardware capabilities and extensivemobile operating systems, access to theinternet, business applications,mobile payments, and multimedia functionality, including music, video,gaming,radio, andtelevision. (Full article...)

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AT&T Corporation's former headquarters at550 Madison Avenue inNew York City

AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, theAmerican Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an Americantelecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During theBell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name toAT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as along-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024. (Full article...)

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Asatellite phone (also called asatellite telephone orsatphone) is a type ofmobile phone that connects to thepublic switched telephone network through orbitingsatellites instead of terrestrialcell sites. They function in areas without terrestrial network coverage but require line-of-sight to a satellite. Most support voice, text, and low-bandwidth data services. (Full article...)

List of phone types

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Example of a North American dial tone

Listen to a dial tone from North America of 350 Hz + 440 Hz.

Example of a UK/British dial tone

Listen to a dial tone from the United Kingdom of 350 Hz + 450 Hz.

Example of a current European dial tone

Listen to a European dial tone of 425 Hz

Example of a French dial tone

Listen to a French dial tone of 440 Hz

Example of a Japanese dial tone

Listen to a Japanese dial tone of 400 Hz

Problems playing these files? Seemedia help.

Adial tone (dialling tone in theUK) is atelephony signal sent by atelephone exchange orprivate branch exchange (PBX) to a terminating device, such as a telephone, when anoff-hook condition is detected. It indicates that the exchange is working and is ready to initiate atelephone call. The tone stops when the first dialed digit is recognized. If no digits are forthcoming, thepartial dial procedure is invoked, often eliciting aspecial information tone and anintercept message, followed by theoff-hook tone, requiring the caller to hang up and redial. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various telephone-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (fromMobile phone)
Image 2Mobile payment system. (fromSmartphone)
Image 3Smartphone with infrared transmitter on top for use as remote control (fromSmartphone)
Image 4A user consulting a mapping app on a phone (fromSmartphone)
Image 5Inserted memory and SIM cards (fromSmartphone)
Image 6People using phones while walking (fromMobile phone)
Image 7Cellular networks work by only reusing radio frequencies (in this example frequencies f1–f4) in non adjacent cells to avoid interference (fromMobile phone)
Image 8A 19th century acoustictin can or "lovers' telephone" (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 9Thomas Edison invented thecarbon microphone which produced a strong telephone signal. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 10TheSamsung Galaxy S24 Ultra has anartificial intelligence-powered feature (fromSmartphone)
Image 11A sign alongBellaire Boulevard inSouthside Place, Texas (Greater Houston) states that using mobile phones while driving is prohibited from 7:30 am to 9:00 am and from 2:00 pm to 4:15 pm. (fromSmartphone)
Image 12A sign in the US restricting cell phone use to certain times of day (no cell phone use between 7:30–9:00 am and 2:00–4:15 pm) (fromMobile phone)
Image 13Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using awater microphone in Highland Park, Illinois. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 14Apple iPhonesmartphone (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 15ANexus 6, anAndroid smartphone, displaying theMain Page of theEnglish Wikipedia (fromSmartphone)
Image 16Historical marker commemorating the first telephone central office in New York State (1878) (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 17A driver using two handheld mobile phones at once (fromMobile phone)
Image 18A high-capacity portablebattery charger (power bank) (fromSmartphone)
Image 19Top of cellular telephone tower (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 20Optical track pad sensor of anHTC Legend, 2010. (fromSmartphone)
Image 21Typical mobile phone mini-SIM card (fromMobile phone)
Image 22Android smartphones (fromMobile phone)
Image 23Innocenzo Manzetti considered the idea of a telephone in 1844 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 24ANew York City driver holding two phones (fromSmartphone)
Image 25Antonio Meucci, 1849, developing a voice-communication apparatus that several sources credit as the first telephone. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 26Martin Cooper of Motorola, shown here in a 2007 reenactment, made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973. (fromMobile phone)
Image 27A Germanrotary dial telephone, theW48 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 28Philipp Reis, 1861, constructed the first telephone, today called theReis telephone. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 29Replica of thetelettrofono atMuseo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci ofMilan,Italy, invented byAntonio Meucci and credited by several sources as the first telephone. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 30Actor portrayingAlexander Graham Bell in a 1932 silent film. Shows Bell's second telephone transmitter (microphone), invented 1876 and first displayed at the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 31Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems, 1997–2003 (fromMobile phone)
Image 32Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. 2014 figure is estimated. (fromMobile phone)
Image 33A text message (SMS) (fromMobile phone)
Image 34Dupuis and Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992 (fromMobile phone)
Image 351917 wall telephone, open to show magneto and local battery (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 361896 telephone (Sweden) (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 37E-waste inAgbogbloshie (fromSmartphone)
Image 38
Bell prototype telephone stamp
Centennial Issue of 1976
(fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 39Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992Motorola DynaTAC 8000X to the 2014iPhone 6 Plus (fromMobile phone)
Image 40Mobile payment system (fromMobile phone)
Image 41Private conversation, 1910 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 42Tivadar Puskás proposed thetelephone switchboard exchange in 1876. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 43Tooltip in Kiwi Browser, aGoogle Chromium derivative, reveals the full URL by hovering over thetab list using the stylus on aSamsung Galaxy Note 4. (fromSmartphone)
Image 44TheMotorola DynaTAC 8000X. In 1983, it became the first commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone. (fromMobile phone)
Image 45Blackview A60 Andoid Go mobile phone smartphone cell phone showing the front-facing camera is put in notch display (fromSmartphone)
Image 46TheHTC Desire, a 2010 smartphone withoptical trackpad and search button (fromSmartphone)
Image 47A FrenchGower telephone of 1912 at theMusée des Arts et Métiers in Paris (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 48Receiver schematic, c.1906 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 49Reis's telephone around 1861, first device called telephone (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 50"Device options" menu of Samsung Mobile'sTouchWiz user interface as of 2013, accessed by holding the power button for a second (fromSmartphone)
Image 51The master telephone patent granted to Bell, 174465, March 7, 1876 (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 52Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. (fromHistory of the telephone)
Image 53A smartphone touchscreen (fromSmartphone)
Image 54Scrapped mobile phones (fromMobile phone)

Selected biography

William Rae Young, Jr. (October 30, 1915 – March 7, 2008) was one of theBell Labs engineers that invented thecell phone.

The history of cellular phone technology began on December 11, 1947 with a Bell Labs internalmemo written byDouglas H. Ring describing the idea of Rae Young of thehexagonal cell concept for a cellular mobile telephone system. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies

Selected images

Image 1An Italiangettone telefonico (telephone token) from 1945, which was used in Italianphone booths
Image 2Emergency telephones, on the Paris-Bordeaux railway line, Saint-Saviol station, Vienne, France
Image 3Automatic electricRotary dial telephone
Image 4Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
Image 5Apolice box outsideEarl's Court tube station in London, built in 1996 and based on the 1929 Gilbert Mackenzie Trench design
Image 6Photograph of the interior of thePrairie Grove Airlight Outdoor Telephone Booth in Prairie Grove, Arkansas, which is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places
Image 7AWestern Electriccandlestick phone from the 1920s
Image 8Mailbox and public telephone in Haßfurt, Germany
Image 9An example of a K6, the most commonred telephone box model, photographed in London in 2012
Image 10ABell Canadapayphone with digital display
Image 11A historictelephone booth in Skansen, Stockholm
Image 12Public telephone, Bucharest, Romania
Image 13Android smartphones
Image 14Push-button telephone
Image 15TheAUTOVON was a worldwide American military telephone system that was built starting in 1963.
Image 16Landlinecall blocking in use
Image 17A traditional North Americanrotary phone dial. The associative lettering was originally used for dialingnamed exchanges but was kept because it facilitated memorization of telephone numbers.
Image 18Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
Image 19Acoustic telephone ad, The Consolidated Telephone Co., Jersey City, New Jersey, 1886
Image 20Acordless phone
Image 21A Funke + Huster telephone inside the Idrija Mine, Slovenia
Image 22Telephone booth box art outside the Tower of London, 2012
Image 23Foldable smartphones
Image 24Historical telephone with the German imperial eagle and the heraldic shield of the House of Hohenzollern dynasty; Vollmer's Mill, Seebach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Image 25Track-side emergency brake andemergency telephones at the platform of the metro stationAspern Nord,Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
Image 26AppleiPhones
Image 27Wooden wall telephone with a hand-crankedmagneto generator
Image 28A Northern Electric telephone, model number N415H, circa 1950 (probably)

Topics

v t e Telephony
Types	Landline Cable telephony Mobile phone Satellite phone Photophone
Accessories	Answering machine Caller ID
Connectivity	Cable protection system Communications satellites Fibre-optical Free-space optical ISDN Mobile phone signal POTS PSTN Submarine cables VoIP
Calls	Missed call Misdialed call Nuisance call Phone tag
Applications	Fax transmission Telephone calls Telephone newspapers Théâtrophone Video calls
Telecommunication portalTelephones portal

Mobile phones

Mobile
networks,
protocols

Channel capacity Frequencies Multi-band Network operator list Roaming Signal SIM card dual SIM eSIM SIM lock Standards comparison Tethering VoIP WAP XHTML-MP
Generations	Analogue: 0G 1G Digital: 2G 3G adoption 3.5G 4G 4.5G 5G 6G

General
operation

Mobile
devices

Manufacturers 3D phone Camera phone Car phone Feature phone Projector phone Satellite phone Smartphone
Form factors	Bar Flip Phablet Slider Slate Smartwatch Fold
Smartphones	Android devices rooting BlackBerry 10 iPhone iOS jailbreaking Open-source mobile phones Symbian devices Windows Phone devices

Mobile
specific
software

Apps	Development Distribution Management Cloud computing
Commerce	Banking Marketing advertising campaigns Payments contactless donating Ticketing
Content	Blogging Email Gambling Gaming Health Instant messaging Learning Music News local Social address book Television

Culture

Environment
and health

Law

v t e Emergency telephone numbers
Emergency telephone Harmonised service of social value
000 (Australia) 102 (India) 106 (Australia) 108 (India) 110 (Iran, Japan, China) 111 (New Zealand) 112 (Europe and others, worldwideGSM mobile networks) 119 (parts of Asia and Jamaica) 120 (China) 122 (Austria, Egypt, and Bosnia and Herzegovina) 123 (Colombia, Egypt) 128 (Mercosur member states) 190 (Brazil) 911 (Iraq, North AmericaE-911 system,Philippines) 988 (North America Suicide & Crisis Lifeline) 999 (Bangladesh, UK and others) 1122 (Pakistan)
Telephones portal Telecommunication portal List article Category Wikimedia Commons

Cellular network standards

List of mobile phone generations

0G radio telephones (1946)

1G (1979)

AMPS family	AMPS - N-AMPS TACS - ETACS
Other	NMT C-450 Hicap Mobitex DataTAC CT1 RTMI

2G (1991)

GSM/3GPP family	GSM CSD - HSCSD
3GPP2 family	cdmaOne (IS-95)
AMPS family	D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
Other	CDPD iDEN PDC PHS CT2

2G transitional
(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)

GSM/3GPP family	GPRS EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
3GPP2 family	CDMA2000 1X (TIA/EIA/IS-2000) CDMA2000 1X Advanced
Other	WiDEN DECT

3G (1998)
IMT-2000 (2001)

3GPP family	UMTS UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA FOMA UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
3GPP2 family	CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 (TIA/IS-856)

3G transitional
(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)

3GPP family	HSPA HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ DC-HSDPA LTE (E-UTRA)
3GPP2 family	CDMA20001xEV-DO Revision A (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A) EV-DO Revision B (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) EV-DO Revision C
IEEE family	Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e Flash-OFDM iBurst (IEEE 802.20) WiBro
ETSI family	HiperMAN