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Wikipedia portal for content related to Spain

The Spain Portal (Bienvenido al portal español)

Spain, officially theKingdom of Spain, is a country inSouthern andWestern Europe with territories inNorth Africa. Featuring the southernmost point ofcontinental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populousEuropean Union (EU) member state. Spanning the majority of theIberian Peninsula, its territory also includes theCanary Islands, in the EasternAtlantic Ocean, theBalearic Islands, in the WesternMediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities ofCeuta andMelilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north byFrance,Andorra, and theBay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea andGibraltar; and to the west byPortugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital andlargest city isMadrid; other majorurban areas includeBarcelona,Valencia,Seville,Zaragoza,Málaga,Murcia, andPalma de Mallorca.

In early antiquity, the Iberian Peninsula was inhabited byCelts,Iberians, and otherpre-Roman peoples. TheRoman conquest of the Iberian peninsula created the province ofHispania, which became deeplyRomanised and laterChristianised. After thefall of the Western Roman Empire, the peninsula was conquered by tribes from Central Europe, among them theVisigoths, who established theVisigothic Kingdom centred onToledo. In the early 8th century, most of the peninsula wasconquered by the Umayyad Caliphate, withAl-Andalus centred onCórdoba. The northern Christian kingdoms of Iberia launched the so-calledReconquista, gradually repelling and ultimately expelling Islamic rule from the peninsula, culminating with the fall of theNasrid Kingdom of Granada. The dynastic union of theCrown of Castile and theCrown of Aragon in 1479 under theCatholic Monarchs is often seen as thede facto unification of Spain as anation state. (Full article...)

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Culture
History

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Image 1

Top: ConquistadorPedro de Alvarado, who led the initial efforts to conquer Guatemala.
Bottom: Map of the principal entry routes and battle sites.

In a protracted conflict during theSpanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonisers gradually incorporated the territory that became the modern country ofGuatemala into the colonial Viceroyalty ofNew Spain. Before the conquest, this territory contained a number of competingMesoamerican kingdoms, the majority of which wereMaya. Manyconquistadors viewed the Maya as "infidels" who needed to be forcefully converted and pacified, disregarding the achievements of theircivilization. The first contact between the Maya andEuropean explorers came in the early 16th century when aSpanish ship sailing fromPanama toSanto Domingo (Hispaniola) was wrecked on the east coast of theYucatán Peninsula in 1511. Several Spanish expeditions followed in 1517 and 1519, making landfall on various parts of the Yucatán coast. The Spanish conquest of the Maya was a prolonged affair; the Maya kingdoms resisted integration into theSpanish Empire with such tenacity that their defeat took almost two centuries. (Full article...)
Image 2

AWehrmacht Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf. A light tank on display at theDeutsches Panzermuseum Munster in Munster, Germany.

ThePanzer I was alight tank produced byNazi Germany in the 1930s. Its name is short forPanzerkampfwagen I (German for "armored fighting vehicle mark I"), abbreviated asPz.Kpfw. I. The tank's official German ordnance inventory designation wasSd.Kfz. 101 ("special purpose vehicle 101"). (Full article...)
Image 3

Spanish Leopard 2E inZaragoza, June 2008

TheLeopardo 2E orLeopard 2A6E (E stands forEspaña (Spanish for 'Spain')) is a variant of the GermanLeopard 2 main battle tank (specifically theLeopard 2A6 variant), tailored to the requirements of theSpanish army, which acquired it as part of an armament modernization program namedPrograma Coraza, or ProgramCuirass. The acquisition program for the Leopard 2E began in 1994, five years after the cancellation of theLince tank program that culminated in an agreement to transfer 108Leopard 2A4s to the Spanish army in 1998 and started the local production of the Leopard 2E in December 2002. Despite postponement of production owing to the 2003 merger betweenSanta Bárbara Sistemas andGeneral Dynamics, and continued manufacturing issues between 2006 and 2007, 219 Leopard 2Es have been delivered to the Spanish army. (Full article...)
Image 4

Verdeja 75 mm self-propelled howitzer, based on theVerdeja 1 prototype chassis

Verdeja was the name of a series oflight tanks developed in Spain between 1938 and 1954 in an attempt to replace GermanPanzer I and SovietT-26 tanks inSpanish service. (Full article...)
Image 5

Dinar minted in Yusuf I's name

Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ismail (29 June 1318 – 19 October 1354), known by theregnal nameal-Muayyad billah (lit. 'He who is aided by God'), was the seventh Nasrid ruler of theEmirate of Granada on theIberian Peninsula. The third son ofIsmail I (r. 1314–1322), he was Sultan between 1333 and 1354, after his brother Muhammad IV (r. 1325–1333) was assassinated. (Full article...)
Image 6
Las Meninas (Spanish for 'The Ladies-in-waiting'pronounced[lasmeˈninas]) is a 1656 painting in theMuseo del Prado inMadrid, byDiego Velázquez, the leading artist in thecourt of KingPhilip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of theSpanish Golden Age. It has become one of the most widely analyzed works inWestern painting for the way its complex and enigmatic composition raises questions about reality and illusion, and for the uncertain relationship it creates between the viewer and the figures depicted. (Full article...)
Image 7

Map of the 2015 Vuelta a España route, from Marbella to Madrid.
(stage courses in red)

The2015 Vuelta a España was a three-weekGrand Tour cycling race. The race was the 70th edition of theVuelta a España and took place principally inSpain, although twostages took place partly or wholly inAndorra, and was the 22nd race in the2015 UCI World Tour. The 3,358.1-kilometre (2,086.6 mi) race included 21 stages, beginning inMarbella on 22 August 2015 and finishing inMadrid on 13 September. It was won byFabio Aru (Astana Pro Team), withJoaquim Rodríguez (Team Katusha) second andRafał Majka (Tinkoff–Saxo) third. (Full article...)
Image 8
TheNyon Conference was adiplomatic conference held inNyon,Switzerland, in September 1937 to address attacks on internationalshipping in theMediterranean Sea during theSpanish Civil War. The conference was convened in part becauseItaly had been carrying outunrestricted submarine warfare, although the final conference agreement did not accuse Italy directly; instead, the attacks were referred to as "piracy" by an unidentified body. Italy was not officially at war, nor did anysubmarine identify itself. The conference was designed to strengthennon-intervention in the Spanish Civil War. TheUnited Kingdom andFrance led the conference, which was also attended byBulgaria,Egypt,Greece,Romania,Turkey, theSoviet Union andYugoslavia. (Full article...)
Image 9
Plate 34:Por una navaja (For a clasp knife). Agarroted priest grasps a crucifix in his hands. Pinned to his chest is a description of the crime for which he was killed—possession of a knife.

The Disasters of War (Spanish:Los desastres de la guerra) is a series of 82prints created between 1810 and 1820 by the Spanish painter andprintmaker Francisco Goya (1746–1828). Although Goya did not make known his intention when creating the plates, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent cruel war that ended in Spanish victory in thePeninsular War of 1808–1814 and the setbacks to the liberal cause following therestoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. During the conflicts betweenNapoleon'sFrench Empire and Spain, Goya retained his position as firstcourt painter to the Spanish crown and continued to produce portraits of the Spanish and French rulers. Although deeply affected by the war, he kept private his thoughts on the art he produced in response to the conflict and its aftermath. (Full article...)
Image 10

The western Mediterranean in 218 BC

TheSecond Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second ofthree wars fought betweenCarthage andRome, the two main powers of the westernMediterranean in the 3rd century BC. For 17 years the two states struggled for supremacy, primarily inItaly andIberia, but also on the islands ofSicily andSardinia and, towards the end of the war, in North Africa. After immense materiel and human losses on both sides, the Carthaginians were once again defeated.Macedonia,Syracuse and severalNumidian kingdoms were drawn into the fighting, andIberian andGallic forces fought on both sides. There were three mainmilitary theatres during the war: Italy, whereHannibal defeated the Roman legions repeatedly, with occasional subsidiary campaigns in Sicily, Sardinia and Greece; Iberia, whereHasdrubal, a younger brother of Hannibal, defended the Carthaginian colonial cities with mixed success before moving into Italy; and Africa, where Rome finally won the war. (Full article...)
Image 11
AnM48 Patton tank of theSpanish Army on display at theEl Goloso Museum of Armored Vehicles in October 2007.

Tanks in the Spanish Army have over 90 years of history, from the FrenchRenault FTs first delivered in 1919 to theLeopard 2 andB1 Centauro models of the early 21st century. The Spanish FTs took part in combat during theRif War and participated in the first amphibious landing with tanks in history,at Alhucemas. In 1925, the Spanish Army began to undertake a program to develop and produce a Spanish tank, an upgraded version of the Renault FT, called theTrubia A4. Although the prototype performed well during testing, the tank was never put into mass production. Spain also experimented with theItalian Fiat 3000, acquiring one tank in 1925, and with another indigenous tank program called the Landesa. However, none of these evolved into a major armor program, and as a result the FT remained the most important tank, in numbers, in the Spanish Army until the beginning of theSpanish Civil War. (Full article...)
Image 12

Muhammad I (red tunic and shield) depicted leading his troops during theMudéjar revolt of 1264–1266 in theCantigas de Santa Maria

Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr (Arabic:أبو عبد الله محمد بن يوسف بن نصر,romanized: Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf ibn Naṣr;c. 1195 – 22 January 1273), also known asIbn al-Ahmar (ابن الأحمر,lit. 'Son of the Red') and by his honorifical-Ghalib billah (الغالب بالله,lit. 'The Victor by the Grace of God'), was the first ruler of the Emirate of Granada, the last independent Muslim state on theIberian Peninsula, and the founder of its rulingNasrid dynasty. He lived during a time when Iberia's Christian kingdoms—especiallyPortugal,Castile andAragon—wereexpanding at the expense of the Islamic territory in Iberia, calledAl-Andalus. Muhammad ibn Yusuf took power in his nativeArjona in 1232 when he rebelled against the de facto leader of Al-Andalus,Ibn Hud. During this rebellion, he was able to take control ofCórdoba andSeville briefly, before he lost both cities to Ibn Hud. Forced to acknowledge Ibn Hud'ssuzerainty, Muhammad was able to retain Arjona andJaén. In 1236, he betrayed Ibn Hud by helpingFerdinand III of Castile take Córdoba. In the years that followed, Muhammad was able to gain control over southern cities, includingGranada (1237),Almería (1238), andMálaga (1239). In 1244, he lost Arjona to Castile. Two years later, in 1246, heagreed to surrender Jaén and accept Ferdinand's overlordship in exchange for a 20-year truce. (Full article...)
Image 13

The Western Mediterranean just before the start of the war in 264 BC: Rome is shown in red, Carthage in grey, and Syracuse in green

TheFirst Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first ofthree wars fought betweenRome andCarthage, the two main powers of the westernMediterranean in the early 3rd century BC. For 23 years, in the longest continuous conflict and greatestnaval war ofantiquity, the two powers struggled for supremacy. The war was fought primarily on the Mediterranean island ofSicily and its surrounding waters, and also in North Africa. After immense losses on both sides, the Carthaginians were defeated and Rome gained territory from Carthage. (Full article...)
Image 14

Witches' Sabbath orThe Great He-Goat (Spanish:Aquelarre orEl gran cabrón) are names given to anoil mural by the Spanish artistFrancisco de Goya, completed sometime between 1820 and 1823. It depicts aWitches' Sabbath and evokes themes of violence, intimidation, ageing and death;Satan hulks in theform of a goat in moonlit silhouette over acoven of terrified oldwitches. Goya was then around 75 years old, living alone and suffering from acute mental and physical distress. (Full article...)
Image 15
Rokeby Venus, c. 1647–1651. 122 cm × 177 cm (48 in × 70 in).National Gallery, London.

TheRokeby Venus (/ˈroʊkbi/ROHK-bee; also known asThe Toilet of Venus,Venus at her Mirror,Venus and Cupid and, inSpanish,La Venus del espejo) is a painting byDiego Velázquez, the leading artist of theSpanish Golden Age. Completed between 1647 and 1651, and probably painted during the artist's visit to Italy, the work depicts the goddessVenus in a sensual pose, lying on a bed with her back facing the viewer, and looking into a mirror held by theRoman god of physical love, her sonCupid. The painting is in theNational Gallery, London. (Full article...)
Image 16
TheOran fatwa was aresponsumfatwa, or an Islamic legal opinion, issued in 1502 to address the crisis that occurred whenMuslims in theCrown of Castile, in present-daySpain, wereforced to convert to Christianity in 1500–1502. It was authored by amalikimuftiAhmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, an Algerian scholar of Islamic law of theMaliki school; the term "Oran fatwa" was applied by modern scholars, due to the word "Al-Wahrani" ("of Oran") that appears in the text as part of the author's name. (Full article...)
Image 17
TheLince (Spanish pronunciation:[ˈlinθe], meaning "Lynx") was aSpanish development programme for a proposedmain battle tank that unfolded during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The intention was to replace theM47 andM48 Patton tanks that theSpanish Army had received under the U.S.Mutual Defense Assistance Act between 1954 and 1975, and to complement theAMX-30E tanks manufactured for the army during the 1970s. Companies from several nations, such as GermanKrauss-Maffei, Spanish Santa Bárbara, and FrenchGIAT, made bids for the development contract. The main priorities were mobility and firepower, with secondary priority placed on protection; the Lince tank was to have been lighter and faster than its competitors. To achieve a sufficient level of firepower and protection, the Lince was to useRheinmetall's 120 mm L/44 tank-gun and Germancomposite armour from theLeopard 2A4. (Full article...)
Image 18

Alfonso XIII in 1932, after having been renamedEspaña

Alfonso XIII was the second of threeEspaña-class dreadnought battleships built in the 1910s for theSpanish Navy. Named after KingAlfonso XIII of Spain, the ship was not completed until 1915 owing to a shortage of materials that resulted from the start ofWorld War I the previous year. TheEspaña class was ordered as part of a naval construction program to rebuild the fleet after the losses of theSpanish–American War; the program began in the context of closer Spanish relations with Britain and France. The ships were armed with amain battery of eight 305 mm (12 in) guns and were intended to support theFrench Navy in the event of a major European war. (Full article...)
Image 19

An AMX-30E on display at the Museum of Armored Vehicles of El Goloso, in Spain

TheAMX-30E (E stands forEspaña, Spanish for Spain) is a Spanishmain battle tank based on France'sAMX-30. Although originally the Spanish government sought to procure the GermanLeopard 1, the AMX-30 was ultimately awarded the contract due to its lower price and the ability to manufacture it in Spain. 280 units were manufactured bySanta Bárbara Sistemas for theSpanish Army, between 1974 and 1983. (Full article...)
Image 20
Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail also known asMuhammad IV (14 April 1315 – 25 August 1333), was the ruler of theEmirate of Granada on theIberian Peninsula from 1325 to 1333. He was the sixth Sultan of theNasrid dynasty, succeeding to the throne at ten years old when his father,Ismail I (r. 1314–1325), was assassinated. (Full article...)
Image 21

TheAndalusian orPura Raza Española, also known as thePure Spanish Horse orPRE, is a Spanishbreed ofsaddle horse from theIberian Peninsula, where its ancestors have lived for thousands of years. The Andalusian has been recognized as a distinct breed since the 15th century, and itsconformation has changed very little over the centuries. Throughout its history, it has been known for its prowess as awar horse, and was prized by the nobility. The breed was used as a tool of diplomacy by the Spanish government, and kings across Europe rode and owned Spanish horses. During the 19th century, warfare, disease andcrossbreeding reduced herd numbers dramatically, and despite some recovery in the late 19th century, the trend continued into the early 20th century. Exports of Andalusians from Spain were restricted until the 1960s, but the breed has since spread throughout the world, despite their low population. In 2010, there were more than 185,000 registered Andalusians worldwide. (Full article...)
Image 22
The Colossus of Rhodes is a 1954oil painting by the Spanishsurrealist Salvador Dalí. It is one of a series of seven paintings he created for the 1956 filmSeven Wonders of the World, each depicting one of thewonders. The work shows theColossus of Rhodes, the ancient statue of the Greektitan-god of the sun,Helios. The painting was not used for the film and was donated to theKunstmuseum Bern in 1981, where it remains. (Full article...)
Image 23
Nasr (1 November 1287 – 16 November 1322), full nameAbu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad (Arabic:أبو الجيوش نصر بن محمد), was the fourthNasrid ruler of theEmirate of Granada from 14 March 1309 until his abdication on 8 February 1314. He was the son ofMuhammad II al-Faqih and Shams al-Duha. He ascended the throne after his brotherMuhammad III was dethroned in apalace revolution. At the time of his accession, Granada faced a three-front war againstCastile,Aragon and theMarinid Sultanate, triggered by his predecessor's foreign policy. He made peace with the Marinids in September 1309, ceding to them the African port ofCeuta, which had already been captured, as well asAlgeciras andRonda in Europe. Granada lostGibraltar to aCastilian siege in September, but successfullydefended Algeciras until it was given to the Marinids, who continued its defense until the siege was abandoned in January 1310.James II of Aragon sued for peace after Granadan defenders defeated theAragonese siege ofAlmería in December 1309, withdrawing his forces and leaving the Emirate's territories by January. In the ensuing treaty, Nasr agreed to pay tributes and indemnities toFerdinand IV of Castile and yield some border towns in exchange for seven years of peace. (Full article...)
Image 24

Italy during the contemporaryconflicts, that
included the War of the League of Cambrai

TheWar of the League of Cambrai, also known by its second stage as theWar of the Holy League, was fought from December 1508 to December 1516, as part of the widerItalian Wars of 1494–1559. The main participants of the war, who fought for its entire duration, wereFrance, theHoly Roman Empire, thePapal States, and theRepublic of Venice; they were joined at various times by nearly every significant power inWestern Europe, includingSpain,England, theDuchy of Milan, theRepublic of Florence, theDuchy of Ferrara, and theSwiss. (Full article...)
Image 25

Territory controlled by Rome and Carthage at different times during the Punic Wars
Carthaginian possessions
Roman possessions

ThePunic Wars were a series of wars fought between theRoman Republic and theCarthaginian Empire during the period 264 to 146 BC. Three such wars took place, involving a total of forty-three years of warfare on both land and sea across thewestern Mediterranean region, and a four-year-longrevolt against Carthage. (Full article...)

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Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez (March 28, 1750 – July 14, 1816), commonly known asFrancisco de Miranda, was aVenezuelan revolutionary. Although his own plans for the independence of theSpanish American colonies failed, he is regarded as a forerunner ofSimón Bolívar, who during theSouth American wars of independence successfully liberated a vast portion of South America. Miranda led a romantic and adventurous life. An idealist, he developed a visionary plan to liberate and unify all ofSpanish America. His military initiatives failed in 1812, and he was handed over to his enemies, dying four years later in aSpanish prison dungeon. Within fourteen years of his death, most of Spanish America was independent.

Born and raised inCaracas, Miranda was the son of a wealthy merchant from theCanary Islands, a region ofSpain. He traveled throughoutEurope, becoming a social sensation and garnering support for the independence ofSpanish America. He had made friends with many important leaders and political figures throughout Europe, such asBritish Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger, andCatherine the Great ofRussia, with whom supposedly he had an affair (most historians do not give much credence to the affair story). In theAmerican Revolutionary War, he commanded Spanish troops aidingAmerican insurgents inFlorida andMississippi. In the United States, he metGeorge Washington,Thomas Paine,Alexander Hamilton, andThomas Jefferson. He had a home inLondon, where he married a British lady and had two children. During this time he met ColonelWilliam S. Smith secretary toJohn Adams's American Legation.

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Image 1
A light metro train

Credit:FDV

A metro light train currently in operation withMadrid Metro. This train is pictured on line ML2 at Aravaca metro station.
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Image 2
Spanish heraldry
Image:Royal Household of Spain; Restoration:Lise Broer
AGrant of Arms byPhilip II of Spain to Alonso de Mesa and Hernando de Mesa, signed25 November 1566. InSpanish heraldry,coats of arms were granted based almost entirely onmilitary service, which made it possible forcommoners to join the ranks of theSpanish nobility. Also unique toSpain was that titles could beinherited through females and viaillegitimacy.
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Image 3
Ana Santos Aramburo
Photograph credit:Biblioteca Nacional de España
Ana Santos Aramburo (born 1957) has been the director of theNational Library of Spain since February 2013. Having received a degree in geography and history from theUniversity of Zaragoza in Spain, she has spent much of her career working at theComplutense University of Madrid, first at the library of the Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, and later serving as deputy director of the university library. Later she served as Director of the Historical Library Marquis of Valdecilla, General Director of Libraries and Archives of the City of Madrid, and Director of Cultural Action at the National Library. This photograph of Santos shows her at the headquarters of the National Library of Spain in Madrid.
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Image 4
Madrid Metro
Map:Javitomad
TheMadrid Metro is arapid transit system serving the Spanish capital,Madrid. It was inaugurated in 1919 byKing Alfonso, with a single line which ran for 3.48 km (2.16 mi) betweenPuerta del Sol andCuatro Caminos, with eight stops. The present system has 301 stations on 13 lines plus one branch line, totalling 294 km (183 mi).
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Image 5
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Artist: Unknown
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, is represented in this anonymous portrait as a young archduke in his native Spain. He left Spain in his early twenties, to start his life as futureKing of the Romans and successor to his grandfather,Maximilian I. His older brotherCharles eventually succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor, but Ferdinand was elected after Charles's abdication. Philip, Charles's son, inherited Spain and became KingPhilip II of Spain. Ferdinand ruled between 1558 and 1564, for nearly six years.
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Image 6
A view of Barcelona Free Port.

Credit:Lofor

TheBarcelona Free Port orZona franca de Barcelona is a tariff-free industrial park that has developed within the Port of Barcelona, across the flat land of theLlobregat delta between the city ofBarcelona andBarcelona International Airport to the south.
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Image 7
Charles IV of Spain and His Family
Painting credit:Francisco Goya
Charles IV of Spain and His Family is a portrait of the royal family of Spain painted byFrancisco Goya in 1800 and 1801. KingCharles IV, his wifeMaria Luisa of Parma, and his children and relatives are dressed in the height of contemporary fashion, lavishly adorned with jewelry and the sashes of theorder of Charles III. The artist does not attempt to flatter the family; instead the group portrait is unflinchingly realist, both in detail and tone. The artist, seated at his easel, is visible in the background. The painting is in the collection of theMuseo del Prado in Madrid.
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Image 8
Alhambra

Credit:Ra-smit

TheAlhambra (Arabic: الحمراء =Al-Ħamrā; literally "the red") is a palace and fortress complex of theMoorish monarchs ofGranada in southernSpain (known asAl-Andalus when the fortress was constructed), occupying a hilly terrace on the southeastern border of the city of Granada.
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Image 9
Spanish painted frog
Photograph:Benny Trapp
TheSpanish painted frog (Discoglossus jeanneae) is a species offrog in the familyAlytidae.Endemic toSpain, it mostly lives in open areas, pine groves and shrublands. It feeds mostly on insects and worms.
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Image 10
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía
Photo credit:David Iliff
TheQueen Sofia Palace of the Arts (Valencian:Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía) is anopera house located inValencia,Spain. The last to be completed of theCity of Arts and Sciences complex, it was designed byarchitect Santiago Calatrava. The 14-story structure opened on 8 October 2005.
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Image 11
Picos de Europa
Photo:Mick Stephenson
The peaks of the Central Massif overlook the village ofSotres inCabrales, located in thePicos de Europa, a mountain range in northern Spain forming part of theCantabrian Mountains. The name (literally: "Peaks of Europe") is believed to derive from being the first European landforms visible tomariners arriving from the Americas.
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Image 12
Torre Agbar
Photo credit:Diliff
TheTorre Agbar is a landmarkskyscraper and the third tallest building inBarcelona,Spain. It was designed byFrench architect Jean Nouvel, who stated that the shape of the Torre Agbar was inspired by the mountains ofMontserrat that surround Barcelona, and by the shape of ageyser of water rising into the air. Its design combines a number of differentarchitectural concepts, resulting in a striking structure built withreinforced concrete, covered with afacade ofglass, and over 4,500window openings cut out of the structural concrete.
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Image 13
The Temple of Debod.
Temple of Debod
Credit: OsvaldoGago
TheTemple of Debod is an ancientEgyptian temple which has been rebuilt inMadrid,Spain. The temple was built in southernEgypt, very close to the firstcataract of the Nile and to the great religious center dedicated to the goddessIsis, inPhilae.
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000002E-QINU`"'
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Image 14
Monument to Alfonso XII
Architecture credit:José Grases Riera; photographed byCarlos Delgado
TheMonument to Alfonso XII is located inBuen Retiro Park (El Retiro) inMadrid, Spain. Measuring 30 m (98 ft) high, 86 m (282 ft) long, and 58 m (190 ft) wide, it has at its center an equestrian statue of KingAlfonso XII, cast in bronze by the Spanish sculptorMariano Benlliure in 1904. The monument is situated on the eastern edge of an artificial lake near the center of the park and was inaugurated on 6 June 1922.
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Image 15
Las Médulas mine.

Credit:Rayet

Las Médulas, located near the town ofPonferrada inLeón province,Spain, used to be the most importantgold mine in theRoman Empire. Las Médulas Cultural Landscape is listed by theUNESCO as one of theWorld Heritage Sites.
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Image 16
Assut de l'Or Bridge
Photograph:Diego Delso
TheAssut de l'Or Bridge is a white single-pyloncable-stayed bridge in theCity of Arts and Sciences,Valencia, Spain. Completed in 2008, it was designed by Valencian architect and civil engineerSantiago Calatrava as a variant of hiscantilever spar cable-stayed bridge in Seville.
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Image 17
Tagus River
Photo credit:David Iliff
TheTagus River, seen here passing through theWorld Heritage listed city ofToledo,Spain. It is the longest river on theIberian Peninsula at 1,038 kilometres (645 mi). It begins its journey in theAlbarracín mountains in Spain, and follows a very constricted course for much of its length before reaching theAtlantic Ocean inPortugal.
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Image 18
Amalia de Llano
Painting credit:Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz
Amalia de Llano (April 29, 1822 – July 6, 1874) was a Spanish countess and writer. This 1853 oil-on-canvas portrait byFederico de Madrazo y Kuntz shows her seated in a fine armchair wearing sumptuous clothes, with her youth and beauty accentuated by the dark background, and is quite unlike a traditional Spanish portrait of the period.
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Image 19
Moros, Zaragoza
Photograph:Diego Delso
Moros is amunicipality in theprovince of Zaragoza, Spain. Located in theSistema Ibérico mountain range, the village lies on a hill, with the church and former town hall at the top, the residences in the middle, and the sheep pens at the bottom. The population of Moros has been steadily decreasing in recent decades, and was 478 in 2006.
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Image 20
A distant shot of smoke coming from Madrid Barajas International Airport.
2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing
Credit: dfbarrero
Smoke coming fromMadrid Barajas International Airport after the2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing. The terrorist incident occurred on the morning of December 30, 2006, when an explosion took place in the carpark building attached to Terminal 4 of the airport.
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000030-QINU`"'
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Image 21
Alcántara bridge

Credit:

TheRoman bridge ofAlcántara, located in the province ofCáceres,Extremadura.
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Image 22
Giralda
Photo:David Iliff
TheGiralda is a 104.5 m (343 ft) tallbell tower for theSeville Cathedral inSeville,Andalusia,Spain. It was originally constructed as aminaret in 1198, when Seville was ruled by theAlmohad Caliphate. After the city was taken by the Christians in theReconquista, the city's mosque was converted to a church. The upper third of the structure was completed during theSpanish Renaissance.
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Did you know...

... that "Plaza", a recognized Basque surname, comes from the Spanish language?
... thatMimoun Ben Ali, a left-handed Spanish boxer of Moroccan descent, was a three-time European champion?
... that the surnameBaena was popular amongSpanish Jews forced to convert to Catholicism during theReconquista, even though few Jews inBaena had Jewish surnames in the first place?
... that painterNicolino Calyo left Naples after participating in a failed uprising againstKing Ferdinand IV, then fled Spain following the outbreak of theFirst Carlist War?
... that during theSpanish Civil War, whenthe government fled the comingsiege of Madrid, theRosal Column detained several government ministers and accused them ofcowardice?
... that theSantander anarchist newspaperAdelante had to be printed in neighbouringTorrelavega, as no printing shop in the city was willing to print it due to its political orientation?

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This is aGood article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Image 1

The1997 European Grand Prix (formally theXLII European Grand Prix) was aFormula One motor race held on 26 October 1997 at theCircuito Permanente de Jerez, Spain. Originally scheduled as thePortuguese Grand Prix at theEstoril circuit, it was moved when Estoril's management had financial difficulties. It was the 17th and final race of the1997 FIA Formula One World Championship. The 69-lap race was won byMika Häkkinen in aMcLaren, his first Formula One race victory. His teammateDavid Coulthard finished second andWilliams driverJacques Villeneuve took third, which was sufficient for him to win theWorld Championship. (Full article...)
Image 2

Lempira stabbing aconquistador during the Spanish conquest, painting by Armando Lara

TheSpanish conquest of Honduras was a 16th-century conflict during theSpanish colonization of the Americas in which the territory that now comprises theRepublic of Honduras, one of the seven states ofCentral America, was incorporated into theSpanish Empire. In 1502, the territory was claimed for the king of Spain byChristopher Columbus on hisfourth and final trip to theNew World. The territory that now comprises Honduras was inhabited by a mix ofindigenous peoples straddling a transitional cultural zone betweenMesoamerica to the northwest, and theIntermediate Area to the southeast. Indigenous groups includedMaya,Lenca,Pech,Miskitu,Mayangna (Sumu),Jicaque,Pipil andChorotega. Two indigenous leaders are particularly notable for their resistance against the Spanish; the Maya leaderSicumba, and the Lenca ruler referred to asLempira (a title meaning "Lord of the Mountain"). (Full article...)
Image 3

Still Life with a Guitar by Yepes,c. 1650

Tomás de Yepes orHiepes (also known asThomas de Yepes orHiepes; 1595 or 1600 – 16 June 1674) was a Spanish painter in theKingdom of Valencia. An artist of theBaroque movement, he worked as a painter ofstill life andbodegón—still life paintings depicting pantry items. He made paintings both for clients and public events. Although his activity started in the second decade of the 17th century, most of the works attributed to him come after 1642. He continued to paint until the year of his death. (Full article...)
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"Esperanza" (English: "Hope") is a song by Spanish singerEnrique Iglesias for his third studio albumCosas del Amor (1998). It was co-written by Iglesias and Chein García-Alonso with Rafael Pérez-Botija handling its production. Apower ballad, it is a confessional song of love and forgiveness. Upon "Esperanza"'s release, one reviewer lauded Iglesias's vocals and the song's arrangements while another found it too similar to his debut single "Si Tú Te Vas". Filmed in Malibu, California, the accompanyingmusic video for "Esperanza" was directed byEmmanuel Lubezki, which wonVideo of the Year at the11th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards in 1999. "Esperanza" also won "Song of the Year" and anAmerican Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) Latin Award in the same year. Commercially, it reached number one in Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama as well as theBillboardHot Latin Songs andLatin Pop Airplay charts in the United States, while becoming a top-five hit in Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras and El Salvador. (Full article...)
Image 5

Pablo playing forAtlético Madrid in 2007

Pablo Ibáñez Tébar (born 3 August 1981), sometimes known as justPablo, is a Spanish former professionalfootballer who played as acentre back. (Full article...)
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Members of Free Joseon waiting outside of the North Korean embassy in Madrid, moments before the raid

On 22 February 2019 at theEmbassy of North Korea inMadrid, the political groupFree Joseon, which is opposed to the incumbentKim Jong Un regime ofNorth Korea, is alleged by Spanish and American authorities to have attacked the embassy, while the group maintains that they were invited in to facilitate a high-level defection. A group of individuals stole mobile telephones, twoUSB flash drives and ahard drive from the embassy and handed them over to theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in theUnited States. The event took place after theSingapore summit between North Korea (DPRK) and the United States and prior to the approach of theHanoi summit. As of early April 2019, one person had been arrested in connection with the incident and twointernational arrest warrants had been issued by the SpanishAudiencia Nacional. The suspected perpetrators are citizens of Mexico, the US and South Korea, although the latter two governments denied any connection with the incident. (Full article...)
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Spain in Our Hearts: Americans in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 is anon-fiction book byAdam Hochschild that was first published byHoughton Mifflin Harcourt on March 29, 2016. The book is an account of the American volunteers who participated in theSpanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939. The story centers around several American volunteer fighters and journalists, tracing their motivations for joining the war and their experiences during the war which left many disillusioned. The book explains the involvement of foreign leaders includingAdolf Hitler,Benito Mussolini andJoseph Stalin, and explains why theRepublican faction ultimately lost. (Full article...)
Image 8

A jar of homemade marmalade

Marmalade is a sweet, tangyfruit preserve made from the juice and peel ofcitrus fruits boiled withsugar andwater. The well-known version is made frombitter orange, but other citrus fruits such aslemons andlimes can also be used. The bitter orange is mostly used in marmalade because of its highpectin content, which gives a thick consistency to its marmalade. In addition, the balance ofacid and pectin is needed for consistency. Fruits with low pectin have it added to make the marmalade. (Full article...)
Image 9

Circuit de Catalunya

The2012 Spanish Grand Prix (formally theFormula 1 Gran Premio de España Santander 2012) was aFormula One motor race held on 13 May 2012, at theCircuit de Catalunya inMontmeló, Spain, attended by 82,000 people. It was the fifth round of the2012 Formula One World Championship and the 22ndSpanish Grand Prix at the track.Williams'sPastor Maldonado won the 66-lap event frompole position, withFerrari'sFernando Alonso second andLotus'sKimi Räikkönen third. The win would prove to be the only win of Maldonado's F1 career before leaving the sport following the end of the 2015 season. (Full article...)
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Onneca Fortúnez orIñiga Fortúnez (c. 848 – after 890) was aBasque princess from theKingdom of Pamplona, later known as the Kingdom of Navarre. She was the daughter ofFortún Garcés of Pamplona and his wifeAuria. At the time of Onneca's birth, which occurred between 848 and 850, theIberian Peninsula was largely under thedomination of the Muslim Umayyad dynasty. Only the northern kingdoms ofAsturias, Pamplona and the Pyrenean threshold remained under control ofRoman Catholic rulers. Onneca was a member of the Íñiguez dynasty, named after her great-grandfatherÍñigo Arista, who founded the Kingdom of Pamplona. (Full article...)
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Gasol withFC Barcelona in 2021

Pau Gasol Sáez (Catalan:[ˈpawɣəˈzɔl],Spanish:[ˈpawɣaˈsol]; born July 6, 1980) is a Spanish former professionalbasketball player who played in theNational Basketball Association (NBA) for 18 seasons, primarily as a power forward. He was a six-timeNBA All-Star and a four-timeAll-NBA team selection, twice on the second team and twice on the third team. Gasol won twoNBA championships, both with theLos Angeles Lakers in2009 and2010. He was theNBA Rookie of the Year in 2002 with theMemphis Grizzlies, the first non-American to win that award. He is regarded as one of the greatest power forwards of all time and one of the greatest European players of all time. He is the older brother of former NBA playerMarc Gasol. (Full article...)
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The currentBasque coat of arms (Euskal autonomi erkidegoaren armarria) is the officialcoat of arms of theBasque Country,Autonomous community of Spain. It consists of aparty per cross representing the three historical territories ofÁlava,Gipuzkoa andBiscay, as well as a fourth, void quarter. The arms are ringed by a regal wreath of oak leaves, symbolic of theGernikako Arbola. The fourth quarter constituted since the late 19th century the linked chains ofNavarre; however, following a legal suit by the Navarre Government claiming that the usage of the arms of a region on the flag of another was illegal, theConstitutional Court of Spain ordered the removal of the chains of Navarre in a judgement of 1986. (Full article...)
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García withSpain in 2018

Nahikari García Pérez (born 10 March 1997) is a Spanish professionalfootballer who plays as aforward forWomen's Super League 2 clubNottingham Forest, on loan fromDenver Summit FC of theNational Women's Soccer League (NWSL), and theSpain women's national team. (Full article...)
Image 14
"Si Tú Te Vas" (English: "If You Go Away") is a song by Spanish singerEnrique Iglesias from his 1995 eponymousdebut studio album. The song was co-written by Iglesias when he was 16 and his friend Roberto Morales with Rafael Pérez-Botija handling its production. It was released as thelead single from the album in October 1995. Iglesias recorded ademo of the song which was accepted by Guillermo Santiso, the president ofFonovisa Records, which led to Iglesias signing on with the company. Apop ballad, the song is about a man inspired by love and is afraid of a farewell. Amusic video for the song was filmed in New York and led to Iglesias being nominated for Best New Artist at the1996 MTV Latino Awards. (Full article...)
Image 15

Alcaide at the 2007World Pool Masters

David Alcaide Bermúdez (born 14 December 1978) is a Spanish professionalpool player. He is a two-time winner of theWorld Pool Masters, winning the2017 event, defeatingJayson Shaw 8–7 in the final, and again in2019 defeatingAlexander Kazakis 9–8. Alcaide is a three-time world championship semi-finalist having reached the stage at theWPA World 10-ball Championship, in 2009 and 2015, and theWPA World Eight-ball Championship in 2011. (Full article...)
Image 16

De Lucía performing in 2007

Francisco Sánchez Gómez (Spanish:[fɾanˈθiskoˈsantʃeθˈɣomeθ]; 21 December 1947 – 25 February 2014), known asPaco de Lucía (Spanish:[ˈpakoðeluˈθi.a]), was a Spanishvirtuoso flamenco guitarist,composer, and record producer. A leading proponent of thenew flamenco style, he was one of the first flamenco guitarists to branch into classical and jazz.Richard Chapman andEric Clapton, authors ofGuitar: Music, History, Players, describe de Lucía as a "titanic figure in the world of flamenco guitar", and Dennis Koster, author ofGuitar Atlas, Flamenco, has referred to de Lucía as "one of history's greatest guitarists". (Full article...)
Image 17
Pikes is a luxury hotel inIbiza, in theBalearic Islands of Spain. It is located in the countryside, 1.6 miles (2.6 km) to the northeast of the town ofSant Antoni de Portmany, and 10.2 miles (16.4 km) to the northwest ofIbiza Town. A 15th-century stone mansion which was afinca (farm estate), it was converted into a hotel in 1978 by British-born Australian Anthony Pike. (Full article...)
Image 18

Arroyo in 1916

Trinidad Arroyo Villaverde (26 May 1872 – 28 September 1959) was a Spanishophthalmologist. She was the first woman ophthalmologist in Spain and the third to receive a doctorate degree, obtaining her doctorate in 1896. She was a teacher and researcher at theUniversity of Madrid, and she operated an ophthalmology practice with her husband Manuel Márquez. They were forced to flee the country in 1939 due to theSpanish Civil War, and they resumed their practice inMexico City, where they lived for the rest of their lives. (Full article...)
Image 19

Near theSaaler Bodden, Germany

Thegrey heron (Ardea cinerea) is a long-legged wadingbird of theheron family, Ardeidae, native throughout temperateEurope andAsia, and also parts ofAfrica. It is resident in much of its range, but some populations from the more northern partsmigrate southwards in autumn. A bird of wetland areas, it can be seen around lakes, rivers, ponds, marshes and on the sea coast. It feeds mostly on aquatic creatures which it catches after standing stationary beside or in the water, or stalking its prey through the shallows. (Full article...)
Image 20
Afraflacilla tarajalis is aspecies ofjumping spider in thegenusAfraflacilla that lives around theMediterranean Sea, including Greece, Morocco, Portugal and Spain. The spider is externally similar to the relatedAfraflacilla fayda,Afraflacilla mushrif andAfraflacilla roberti. The female is particularly hard to identify, although the large copulatory openings on its the external part of itscopulatory organs, orepigyne, and, internally, its relatively short and wide tube-likespermathecae help to distinguish it. It is a small spider, measuring between 4.08 and 6.03 mm (0.16 and 0.24 in) in length. The female is generally light grey, sometimes darker and brownish, and have brown or orange stripes and a blackish spot on the rear part of body, itsopisthosoma. The male is darker, greyish or brownish, and also has a dark stripe running down its opisthosoma, which is otherwise brown, reddish-brown or reddish-orange. It is this pattern that helps the spider hide amongstTamarix trees that it lives amongst and after which it is named. (Full article...)
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Anarchism without adjectives is apluralist tendency of anarchism that opposessectarianism and advocates for cooperation between differentanarchist schools of thought. First formulated by theSpanish anarchists Ricardo Mella andFernando Tarrida del Mármol, as a way to bridge the ideological divide between thecollectivists andcommunist factions, it was later adopted by the Italian anarchistErrico Malatesta and the American individualistVoltairine de Cleyre. (Full article...)
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Buñuel in 1929

Luis Buñuel Portolés (Spanish:[ˈlwisβuˈɲwelpoɾtoˈles]; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish and Mexican filmmaker who worked inFrance,Mexico, andSpain. He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time.Buñuel's works are known for theiravant-garde surrealism which was also infused withpolitical commentary. (Full article...)
Image 23

Prime minister Mariano Rajoy, taking the floor during the debate on the motion of no confidence on 13 June 2017

Amotion of no confidence in theSpanish government ofMariano Rajoy was debated and voted in theCongress of Deputies between 13 and 14 June 2017. It was brought byUnidos Podemos leaderPablo Iglesias as a result of a corruption case involving high-rankingPeople's Party (PP) officials, amid accusations of maneuvers from the Rajoy government to influence thejudicial system in order to cover-up the scandal. This was the third vote of no confidence held inSpain since the country'stransition to democracy—after the unsuccessful1980 and1987 ones—as well as the first not to be registered by the main opposition party at the time. (Full article...)
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Teresa Mañé (1929)

Teresa Mañé i Miravet (1865–1939), also known by her pen nameSoledad Gustavo, was a Catalan teacher, editor and writer. As a proponent ofprogressive education, Mañé founded some of the firstsecular schools in Catalonia. With her husbandJoan Montseny, she edited the magazineLa Revista Blanca, in which she elaborated her ideas onanarchism,feminism andpedagogy. Her daughterFrederica Montseny i Mañé went on to become a leading figure in theSpanish anarchist movement and theMinister of Health of theSecond Spanish Republic. (Full article...)
Image 25

Detail from the 1646 bookJournael Ende Historis Verhael van de Reyse gedaen by Oosten de Straet le Maire, naer de Custen van Chili, onder het beleyt van den heer Generael Hendrick Brouwer, Inden Jare 1643

TheDutch expedition to Valdivia was a naval expedition, commanded byHendrik Brouwer, sent by theDutch Republic in 1643 to establish a base of operations and a trading post on the southern coast of Chile. WithSpain and the Dutch Republicat war, the Dutch wished to take over the ruins of the abandoned Spanish city ofValdivia. The expedition sacked the Spanish settlements ofCarelmapu andCastro in theChiloé Archipelago before sailing to Valdivia, having the initial support of the local natives. The Dutch arrived in Valdivia on 24 August 1643 and named the colonyBrouwershaven after Brouwer, who had died several weeks earlier. The short-lived colony was abandoned on 28 October 1643. Nevertheless, the occupation caused great alarm among Spanish authorities. The Spanish resettled Valdivia and began the construction of anextensive network of fortifications in 1645 to prevent a similar intrusion. Although contemporaries considered the possibility of a new incursion, the expedition was the last one undertaken by the Dutch on the west coast of the Americas. (Full article...)

More Good articles

General images

The following are images from various Spain-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The title page of theGramática de la lengua castellana (1492), the first grammar of a modern European language to be published. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 2Recognition of the Duke of Anjou as King of Spain, under the name of Philip V, November 16, 1700 (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 3Jamón ibérico (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 4Panoramic view of the lower level patio of the Palace (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 5Cabeza de Luis Buñuel, sculptor's work by Iñaki, in the center Buñuel Calanda. (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 6The Iberian Peninsula in the 3rd century BC (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 7View of Toledo byEl Greco, between 1596 and 1600 (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 8Illustration depicting the (now lost)Luzaga's Bronze, an example of theCeltiberian script. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 9Charles I of Spain (better known in the English-speaking world as theHoly Roman Emperor Charles V) was the most powerful European monarch of his day. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 10The successful1925 Alhucemas landing turned the luck in theRif War towards Spain's favour. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 11TheBurgos Cathedral is a work ofSpanish Gothic architecture. (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 12Proclamation of the Spanish Republic in Madrid (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 131894 satirical cartoon depicting the tacit accord for seamless government change (turnismo) between the leaders of two dynastic parties (Sagasta andCánovas del Castillo), with the country being lied in an allegorical fashion. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 14Toledo byEl Greco (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 15A map of Europe in 1648, after thePeace of Westphalia (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 16Felipe González signing the treaty of accession to the European Economic Community on 12 June 1985. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 17The Port ofSeville in the late 16th century. Seville became one of the most populous and cosmopolitan European cities after the expeditions to the New World. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 18Façade of theCathedral of Valladolid (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 19The Conquest of Tenochtitlán (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 20Visigothic KingRoderic haranguing his troops before theBattle of Guadalete (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 21TheBattle of Cape Passaro, 11 August 1718 (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 22Main altarpiece of theToledo Cathedral byFelipe Bigarny (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 23An 18th-century map of theIberian Peninsula (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 24Francisco Franco and his appointed successor PrinceJuan Carlos de Borbón. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 25Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain at theMeeting on the Isle of Pheasants in June 1660, part of the process to put an end to theFranco-Spanish War (1635–59). (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 26Taking of Oran byFrancisco Jiménez de Cisneros in 1509. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 27Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See in Sevilla. (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 28Wedding portrait of the Catholic Monarchs (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 29Ethnology of the Iberian Peninsula c. 200 BC (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 30Las Meninas (1656, English:The Maids of Honour) byDiego Velázquez (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 31Two women and a man during the siege of the Alcázar (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 32The library of El Escorial (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 33Plaza Mayor built in 1619 during the reign of Philip III. (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 34Celebrations of the proclamation of the 2nd Republic in Barcelona. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 35Visigothic church, San Pedro de la Nave. Zamora. Spain (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 36Ruins ofGuernica (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 37Detail of thevotive crown ofRecceswinth from theTreasure of Guarrazar, (Toledo-Spain) hanging in Madrid. The hanging letters spell[R]ECCESVINTHVS REX OFFERET [King R. offers this]. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 38Battle of the First Carlist War, byFrancisco de Paula Van Halen (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 39Universidad Pompeu Fabra (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 40University of Barcelona (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 41Map of territories that were once part of the Spanish Empire (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 42The Defence of Cádiz Against the English oil on canvas byFrancisco de Zurbarán (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 43al-Andalus at its greatest extent, 720 (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 44Autonomous University of Madrid (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 45Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Built between 1563 and 1584 by order of King Philip II (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 46Members of the provisional government after the 1868 Glorious Revolution, byJean Laurent. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 47Universidad de Valencia (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 48Christopher Columbus leads expedition to the New World, 1492, sponsored by Spanish crown (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 49Franco visitingTolosa in 1948 (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 50The promulgation of the Constitution of 1812, oil painting bySalvador Viniegra. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 51People's militias attacking on a Rebel position in Somosierra in the early stages of the war. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 52Paella mixta (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 53Episode of the1854 Spanish Revolution in thePuerta del Sol, byEugenio Lucas Velázquez. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 54Visigothic Hispania and its regional divisions in 700, prior to the Muslim conquest (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 55The greatest extent of theVisigothic Kingdom ofToulouse, c. 500, showing Territory lost afterVouillé in light orange (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 56Roman Empire, 3rd century (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 57The Third of May 1808, Napoleon's troops shoot hostages. Goya (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 58Inner view ofGranada Cathedral (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 59A battle of theReconquista from theCantigas de Santa Maria (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 60Autonomous University of Barcelona (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 61Battle of St. Quentin (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 62El paseo de las Delicias, a 1784–1785 painting byRamón Bayeu depicting a meeting of members of the aristocracy in the aforementioned location. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 63The pro-independence forces delivered a crushing defeat to the royalists and secured the independence of Peru in the 1824battle of Ayacucho. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 64The realms ofPhilip II of Spain (fromSpanish Golden Age)
Image 65The explosion of theUSS Maine launched theSpanish–American War in April 1898 (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 66The Second of May 1808 was the beginning of the popular Spanish resistance against Napoleon. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 67Real Madrid vsBarcelona, known asEl Clásico, in May 2009 (fromCulture of Spain)
Image 68The Christian kingdoms of Hispania and the IslamicAlmohad empire c. 1210
Image 69Advance of Italiantankettes during theBattle of Guadalajara. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 70Execution of Torrijos and his men in 1831. Ferdinand VII tookrepressive measures against the liberal forces in his country. (fromHistory of Spain)
Image 71The Virgin of the Rosary (1675–80) byBartolomé Esteban Murillo (fromSpanish Golden Age)

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7 October 2025 –: Four people are killed, three others are injured and others are reported missing when a former office block being converted into a hotel partially collapses inMadrid,Spain.(BBC News)

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