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Slovakia, officially theSlovak Republic, is alandlocked country inCentral Europe. It is bordered byPoland to the north,Ukraine to the east,Hungary to the south,Austria to the west, and theCzech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's mostly mountainous territory spans about 49,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi), hosting a population exceeding 5.4 million. The capital andlargest city isBratislava, while the second largest city isKošice.
TheSlavs arrived in the territory of the present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. From the late 6th century, parts of modern Slovakia were incorporated into theAvar Khaghanate. In the 7th century, the Slavs played a significant role in the creation ofSamo's Empire. When the Avar Khaghanate dissolved in the 9th century, the Slavs established thePrincipality of Nitra before it was annexed by thePrincipality of Moravia, which later becameGreat Moravia. When Great Moravia fell in the 10th century, the territory was integrated into thePrincipality of Hungary at the end of the 9th century, which later became theKingdom of Hungary in 1000. In 1241 and 1242, after theMongol invasion of Europe, much of the territory was destroyed, but was recovered largely thanks to Hungarian kingBéla IV. During the 16th and 17th centuries, southern portions of present-day Slovakia were incorporated into provinces of theOttoman Empire. The Ottoman-controlled areas were ceded to the Habsburgs by the turn of the 18th century. The Hungarian declaration ofindependence in 1848 was followed in the same year by theSlovak Uprising through the establishment of theSlovak National Council. While the uprising did not achieve its aim, it played an important role in cementing a Slovak national identity. The Hungarian wars of independence eventually resulted in a compromise that established theAustro-Hungarian Empire.
DuringWorld War I, theCzechoslovak National Council successfully fought forindependence amidst the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the state ofCzechoslovakia was proclaimed in 1918. The borders were set by theTreaty of Saint Germain in 1919 and by theTreaty of Trianon in 1920 Czechoslovakia incorporated the territory of present-day Slovakia which was entirely part of theKingdom of Hungary. In the lead up toWorld War II, local fascist parties gradually came to power in the Slovak lands, and the firstSlovak Republic was established in 1939 as aone-partyclerical fascistclient state under the control ofNazi Germany. In 1940, the country joined theAxis when its leaders signed theTripartite Pact.Czechoslovakia was re-established after the country'sliberation at the end of the war in 1945. Following theSoviet-backed coup of 1948, Czechoslovakia became acommunist state within theEastern Bloc, asatellite state of theSoviet Union behind theIron Curtain and member of theWarsaw Pact. Attempts toliberalise communism culminated in thePrague Spring, which was suppressed by theWarsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, theVelvet Revolution peacefully ended Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. Slovakia became an independentdemocratic state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution ofCzechoslovakia, sometimes referred to as theVelvet Divorce. (Full article...)
TheSlovaks (Slovak:Slováci[ˈsɫɔvaːt͡si] (historical Sloveni[ˈsɫɔvɛŋi]), singular:Slovák[ˈslɔvaːk] (historical:Sloven[ˈsɫɔvɛŋ]), feminine:Slovenka[ˈsɫɔvɛŋka], plural:Slovenky) are aWest Slavicethnic group andnation native toSlovakia who share a commonancestry,culture,history and speak theSlovak language.
In Slovakia,c. 4.4 million are ethnic Slovaks of 5.4 million total population. There are Slovak minorities in many neighboring countries includingAustria,Croatia,Czech Republic,Hungary,Poland,Romania,Serbia andUkraine and sizeable populations of immigrants and their descendants inAustralia,Canada,France,Germany,United Kingdom and theUnited States among others, which are collectively referred to as theSlovak diaspora. (Full article...)
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