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Members of the Academy in 1667 with Louis XIV

Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testablehypotheses andpredictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into two – or three – major branches: thenatural sciences, which study thephysical world, and thesocial sciences, which study individuals and societies. While referred to as theformal sciences, the study oflogic,mathematics, andtheoretical computer science are typically regarded as separate because they rely ondeductive reasoning instead of thescientific method as their main methodology. Meanwhile,applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine. (Full article...)

Outline of science

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Featured articles are displayed here, which represent some of the best content on English Wikipedia.

Image 1

View of Mount Samalas along with Mount Rinjani

In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at Samalas, avolcano on the Indonesian island ofLombok. The event had a probableVolcanic Explosivity Index of 7, making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during theHolocene epoch. It left behind a largecaldera that containsLake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active. (Full article...)
Image 2

Terrain of the Table Rocks. Upper Table Rock is on the right, Lower Table Rock is on the left.

Upper Table Rock andLower Table Rock are two prominentvolcanic mesas located just north of theRogue River inJackson County, Oregon, U.S. Created by anandesitic lava flow approximately seven million years ago and shaped by erosion, they now stand about 800 feet (240 m) above the surroundingRogue Valley. The Table Rocks are jointly owned;The Nature Conservancy is responsible for 3,591 acres (1,453 ha), while theBureau of Land Management is responsible for 1,280 acres (520 ha). (Full article...)
Image 3

InNevado de Toluca, Mexico

Psilocybe aztecorum is a species ofpsilocybin mushroom in the familyHymenogastraceae. Known from central Mexico, Arizona, California, Oregon, Colorado, Canada, Costa Rica, and possibly India, the fungus grows on decomposing woody debris and is found in mountainous areas at elevations of 2,000 to 4,000 m (6,600 to 13,100 ft), typically in meadows or open, grassy conifer forests. The mushrooms have convex to bell-shapedcaps 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) in diameter, atop slender cylindricalstems that are up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) long. The color of the capschanges with variations in hydration, ranging from darkchestnut brown to straw yellow or whitish when dry. The base of the stem is densely covered with conspicuous whiterhizomorphs, a characteristic uncommon amongstPsilocybe species. (Full article...)
Image 4

Jameson's mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni) is aspecies of highlyvenomous snake in thefamily Elapidae. The species is native toequatorial Africa. A member of themamba genus,Dendroaspis, it is slender with dull green upper parts and cream underparts and generally ranges from 1.5 to 2.2 m (4.9 to 7.2 ft) in total length.Described by Scottish naturalistThomas Traill in 1843, it has two recognisedsubspecies. Thenominate subspecies is found in central and westernsub-Saharan Africa, and the eastern black-tailed subspecies is found eastern sub-Saharan Africa, mainly westernKenya. (Full article...)
Image 5

Location of IK Pegasi.

IK Pegasi (orHR 8210) is abinary star system in theconstellation Pegasus. It is just luminous enough to be seen with the unaided eye, at a distance of about 154 light years from theSolar System. (Full article...)
Image 6

Thepied butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) is asongbird native toAustralia. Initiallydescribed byJohn Gould in 1837, it is a black-and-white bird 28 to 32 cm (11 to 12.5 in) long with a long, hookedbill. Its head and throat are black, making a distinctive hood; themantle and much of the tail and wings are also black. The neck, underparts, and outer wing feathers are white. The juvenile and immature birds are predominantly brown and white. As they mature, black feathers replace their brown feathers. There are two recognisedsubspecies of pied butcherbird. (Full article...)
Image 7

The Three Sisters, looking north

TheThree Sisters are closely spaced volcanic peaks in theU.S. state ofOregon. They are part of theCascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of theCascade Range in western North America extending from southernBritish Columbia throughWashington and Oregon toNorthern California. Each over 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) in elevation, they are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon. Located in theThree Sisters Wilderness at the boundary ofLane andDeschutes counties and theWillamette andDeschutes national forests, they are about 10 miles (16 kilometers) south of the nearest town,Sisters. Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons. The mountains, particularly South Sister, are popular destinations for climbing andscrambling. (Full article...)
Image 8
"Volcano" is the second episode of thefirst season of the American animated television seriesSouth Park. It first aired onComedy Central in the United States on August 20, 1997. In the episode,Stan,Kyle,Cartman andKenny go on a hunting trip with Stan's uncleJimbo and his war buddyNed. While on the trip, Stan is frustrated by his unwillingness to shoot a living creature, and Cartman tries to scare the hunting party with tales of a creature named Scuzzlebutt. Meanwhile, the group is unaware that a nearby volcano is about to erupt. (Full article...)
Image 9

Princess Helena (Helena Augusta Victoria; 25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), laterPrincess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, was the third daughter and fifth child ofQueen Victoria andPrince Albert. (Full article...)
Image 10
Illustration of aSARS-CoV-2 virion

Avirus is a tinyinfectious agent thatreproduces inside thecells of livinghosts. When infected, the host cell is forced to rapidly produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus. Unlike mostliving things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses assemble in the infected host cell. But unlike simpler infectious agents likeprions, they containgenes, which allow them tomutate and evolve. Over 4,800species of viruses have beendescribed in detail out of the millions in the environment. Their origin is unclear: some may haveevolved fromplasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved frombacteria. (Full article...)
Image 11

Inflorescence

Banksia speciosa, commonly known as theshowy banksia, is a species of large shrub or small tree in thefamily Proteaceae. It is found on the south coast ofWestern Australia betweenHopetoun (34° S 120° E) andPoint Culver (33° S 124° E), growing on white or grey sand inshrubland. Reaching up to 8 m (26 ft) in height, it is a single-stemmed plant that has thin leaves with prominent triangular 'teeth' along each margin, which are 20–45 cm (7.9–17.7 in) long and 2–4 cm (0.8–1.6 in) wide. The prominent cream-yellow flower spikes known asinflorescences appear throughout the year. As they age they develop up to 20follicles each that store seeds until opened by fire. Though widely occurring, the species is highly sensitive todieback and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease. (Full article...)
Image 12
Lynx is aconstellation named afterthe animal, usually observed in theNorthern Celestial Hemisphere. The constellation was introduced in the late 17th century byJohannes Hevelius. It is a faint constellation, with its brightest stars forming a zigzag line. The orange giantAlpha Lyncis is the brightest star in the constellation, and thesemiregular variable starY Lyncis is a target foramateur astronomers. Sixstar systems have been found to containplanets. Those of6 Lyncis andHD 75898 were discovered by theDoppler method; those ofXO-2,XO-4,XO-5 andWASP-13 were observed as theypassed in front of the host star. (Full article...)
Image 13
Perseus is aconstellation in thenorthern sky, named after theGreek mythological heroPerseus. It is one of the 48 ancient constellations listed by the 2nd-centuryastronomer Ptolemy, and among the88 modern constellations defined by theInternational Astronomical Union (IAU). It is located near several other constellations named after ancient Greek legends surrounding Perseus, includingAndromeda to the west andCassiopeia to the north. Perseus is also bordered byAries andTaurus to the south,Auriga to the east,Camelopardalis to the north, andTriangulum to the west. Somestar atlases during the early 19th century also depicted Perseus holding the disembodied head ofMedusa, whoseasterism was named together asPerseus et Caput Medusae; however, this never came into popular usage. (Full article...)
Image 14

InTönning,Germany

Thebarn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is the most widespread species ofswallow in the world, occurring on all continents, with vagrants reported even in Antarctica. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts and a long, deeply forked tail. InAnglophone Europe, it is just called theswallow; in northern Europe, it is the only member of familyHirundinidae called a "swallow" rather than a "martin". (Full article...)
Image 15

Promotional poster

Gertie the Dinosaur is an animated short film released in 1914 by American cartoonist and animatorWinsor McCay. It is the first animated film to feature a dinosaur. McCay initially presented the film before live audiences as an interactive part of hisvaudeville act; the frisky, childlike Gertie performed tricks at her master's command. McCay's employerWilliam Randolph Hearst curtailed his vaudeville activities, prompting McCay to add a live-action introductory sequence to the film for its theatrical release, which was renamedWinsor McCay, the Famous Cartoonist, and Gertie. McCay abandoned a sequel,Gertie on Tour (c. 1921), after producing about a minute of footage. (Full article...)

More featured articles

Featured pictures

Featured pictures about Science.

Image 1Light dispersion, byLucasVB (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 2Total internal reflection, byJean-Marc Kuffer (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 3Projectile motion of a bouncing ball atInelastic collision, byMichaelMaggs (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 4Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance atPrimary production, bySeaWiFS Project (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 5Oblique shock, byNASA/United States Air Force (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
$Image 6Refraction in raindrops, by Mila Zinkova (from Wikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)$
Image 6Refraction in raindrops, byMila Zinkova (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 7Peruvian Andes atUnited States Exploring Expedition, byAlfred Thomas Agate (edited byDurova) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 8Kármán vortex street, byCesareo de La Rosa Siqueira (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 9Hypervelocity impact demonstration, byNASA (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 10Holdridge life zones, byPeter Halasz (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 11Operation Tumbler-Snapper, byLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 12Diet Coke and Mentos eruption, byMikemurphy (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 13Mechanical advantage device, byProlineserver (edited byTomia,Ss181292 andAtropos235) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 14Nobel Prize in Physics diploma, bySofia Gisberg (restored byJebulon) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 15Translational motion atThermodynamic temperature, byGreg L (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 16Rusty chain, byWikipedianMarlith (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 17Archaeological excavation atAtapuerca Mountains, byMario modesto (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 18Animation of a waterdrop, byChris 73 andGmaxwell (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 19Simulation of liquids with differentviscosities, bySynapticrelay (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 20Australian Synchrotron, byJohn O'Neill (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 21Section of theLarge Hadron Collider, by Maximilien Brice (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 22Ice core, by theGreenland Ice Sheet Project (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 23Fastbreeder reactor, byGraevemoore (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 24Wind wave, byAlvesgaspar (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 25Dichroic prism, byXRay (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 26Drop impact on a liquid surface, byJosé Manuel Suárez (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 27Activation energy, byDebivort (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 28Colorcathodoluminescence of a diamond, byPavel.Somov (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 29Toroid magnets of theATLAS detector, by Maximilien Brice,CERN (edited byBammesk) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 30Warming stripes, byEd Hawkins (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 31Lorentz transformation of world line, byCyp (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 32NASA study on wingtip vortices atWake turbulence, byLangley Research Center (edited byFir0002) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 33Plasma globe, byColin (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 34Archaeologists prospecting Santa Ana Cave atExcavation (archaeology), byMario modesto (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 35Vibrating glass beam atEuler–Bernoulli beam theory, byBen pcc (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 36Thermite reaction, byNikthestunned (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)
Image 37Parallax, byMila Zinkova (edited byRichard Bartz) (fromWikipedia:Featured pictures/Sciences/Others)

More featured pictures

Vital articles

Vital articles to understand Science.

An illustration of thehelium atom, depicting thenucleus (pink) and theelectron cloud distribution (black). The nucleus (upper right) in helium-4 is in reality spherically symmetric and closely resembles the electron cloud, although for more complicated nuclei this is not always the case. The black bar is oneangstrom (10⁻¹⁰ m or100 pm).

Atoms are the basicparticles of thechemical elements and the fundamental building blocks ofmatter. An atom consists of anucleus ofprotons and generallyneutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm ofelectrons. The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons that are in their atoms. For example, any atom that contains 11 protons issodium, and any atom that contains 29 protons iscopper. Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are calledisotopes of the sameelement. (Full article...)

Did you know...

Did you know it about Science?

... that the science-fiction video gameThe Anacrusis is named aftera musical term?
... that a nuclear reactor was nearly built at theNew York Hall of Science, but the money for the institution instead went toYankee Stadium?
... thatpolitical philosophers focus on desirable norms, whilepolitical scientists concentrate on empirical descriptions?
... that theData Colada bloggers drew attention to thereplication crisis by exposing faulty social science research?
... that a screen based on the circuitry of a rat brain is displayed on the façade of the Jerusalem-basedEdmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences?
... that one of the earliest Ukrainian science fiction novels, written in 1918 byMykola Chaikovsky, featuressolar power and aradiotelephone?

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Integrate relatively new scientific knowledge and findings (major studies reported on by RS) into relevant articles
- You can also go throughthis list of items that were nearly/not included in the lastYear in science article to find studies to integrate elsewhere (many of these contain notable info, you can filter them by field and many rows have a likely relevant article already wikilinked in the last column)
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Expand2026 in science and/or other articles for science-related topics of the year (in the box on the right)
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Find studies published under a compatible open license (like CC BY 4.0) andupload the studies' images with descriptions from the study and add these images to articles if they are relevant and useful there
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Science News

Further information:2026 in science

27 January 2026 –: TheBulletin of the Atomic Scientists announces that theDoomsday Clock has been set to 85 seconds before midnight, the closest it has been to midnight, citing rising global tensions.(CNN)(Reuters)
25 January 2026 –: Thailand launches its first effort toreintroduce endangered Indo-Pacific leopard sharks into the wild by releasingcaptive-bred juveniles near thePhuket province.(Reuters)
8 January 2026 –: A woman is killed in ashark attack off the coast ofSaint Croix in theUnited States Virgin Islands. The species of theshark involved is currently unknown.(AP)
20 December 2025 –Blue Origin NS-37: German engineerMichaela Benthaus becomes the first person in awheelchair and the first withparaplegia totravel to space on asub-orbital trip conducted byBlue Origin.(DW)
28 November 2025 –: A team of scientists announces the detection ofelectric discharges in theatmosphere of Mars for the first time byNASA'sPerseverance rover, detected near theJezero crater region, as a phenomenon described as "mini lightning", though not confirmed to be the same as actuallightning.(BBC News)
19 November 2025 –: Cambodian conservation groups release twocaptive-bred greater adjutants into theSiem Pang Wildlife Sanctuary for the first time, fitting them withGPS trackers as part of efforts to restore the species' wild population.(Reuters)