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"Goodbye" is a song recorded by Romanian groupThe Humans, released on 12 January 2018 byRoton. The track was written by vocalist Cristina Caramarcu, while production and composition were handled by fellow members Alexandru Matei and Alin Neagoe. "Goodbye" is a 1980s-inspiredsoft rock andpop rockballad whose instrumentation includes acello; lyrically, it is amanifesto that discourages the abandonment of one's dreams. It also discusses the overcoming ofsuicidal ideation,depression andinternal battles.Reviewers likened the track to the music ofBonnie Tyler,Celine Dion andHeart.
"Goodbye"represented Romania in theEurovision Song Contest 2018 inLisbon, Portugal after winning the pre-selection showSelecția Națională. The country failed to qualify for the Grand Final for the first time in their participation history. During their highly acclaimed show, The Humans performed choreography in front of several white and black, maskedmannequins, representingdepersonalization and the loss of identity in modern times. Music critics gave the song itself generally negative reviews, criticizing the recording as underwhelming; some expressed doubt that Romania would qualify. (Full article...)
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"Clap Clap" is a song by Romanian duo Gran Error, Albanian singerElvana Gjata and Romanian singerAntonia. The song was produced by Achi,Marcel Botezan andSebastian Barac, who served as co-writers with Iraida. It was released as asingle fordigital download andstreaming byGlobal Records on 8 July 2022. An English andSpanish-languagetechno-inspired song, it encourages to be bold and transparent, and to let go of anything that stops their freedom. The song received positive receptions from a fewmusic critics, who applauded the music and sound. It reached the record charts at number one in Albania, number three in Romania and number 32 in Poland. An accompanyingmusic video was directed by Alexandru Muresan and Elena Maria Popescu, and uploaded to Gjata'sYouTube channel alongside the single release. Filmed inBucharest, Romania, the video finds the artists and several other people dancing and partying in a karting arena and gaming center. (Full article...)
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"Jokero" is a song by Romanian groupAkcent for their fifth studio albumFrench Kiss with Kylie (2006). Marius Nedelcu wrote the song, whileAdi Colceru andAdrian Sînă produced it. The song was officially released on 17 December 2005, when it premiered on a Romanian radio station. In February 2006, "Jokero" was announced as one of the competing songs inSelecția Națională 2006, an event used to determine Romania's entry for theEurovision Song Contest 2006. Akcent asked Romanian singerNico to perform the track with them for the competition. The song came second overall, losing toMihai Trăistariu's "Tornerò" (2006), though it won the public vote.
"Jokero" was received positively by mostmusic critics, who noted its potential to become ahit song. Commercially, the song became the group's first number one in Romania and it reached the top ten in theCommonwealth of Independent States and Sweden. Two music videos were shot for the track. The first, directed by Dragos Buliga which depicts the group's members wandering through a town individually holding adisco ball. The second was recorded to promote the song duringSelecția Națională, it features the group and Nico performing in one ofTVR's studios. At theMTV Romania Music Awards 2006, the song was nominated for Best Song and Best Dance. (Full article...)
Stephen decided to recapture Chilia (nowKiliia in Ukraine), an important port on the Danube, which brought him into conflict with Hungary and Wallachia. He besieged the town during the Ottoman invasion of Wallachia in 1462, but was seriously wounded during the siege. Two years later, he captured the town. He promised support to the leaders of theThree Nations of Transylvania againstMatthias Corvinus,King of Hungary, in 1467. Corvinus invaded Moldavia, but Stephen defeated him in theBattle of Baia. Peter Aaron attacked Moldavia with Hungarian support in December 1470, but he was also defeated by Stephen and executed, along with theMoldavian boyars who still endorsed him. Stephen restored old fortresses and built new ones, which improved Moldavia's defence system as well as strengthened central administration. Ottoman expansion threatened Moldavian ports in the region of theBlack Sea. In 1473, Stephen stopped paying tribute (haraç) to theOttoman sultan and launched aseries of campaigns against Wallachia in order to replace its rulers – who had accepted Ottoman suzerainty – with his protégés. However, each prince who seized the throne with Stephen's support was soon forced to pay homage to the sultan. (Full article...)
After Alexander Aldea died in 1436, Vlad seized Wallachia with Hungarian support. Following the death of Sigismund of Luxembourg in 1437, Hungary's position weakened, causing Vlad to pay homage to Murad II, which included participating in Murad II's invasion ofTransylvania in the summer of 1438.John Hunyadi,Voivode of Transylvania, came to Wallachia to convince Vlad to join a crusade against the Ottomans in 1441. After Hunyadi routed an Ottoman army in Transylvania, the sultan ordered Vlad to come toEdirne where he was captured in 1442. Hunyadi invaded Wallachia and made Vlad's cousin,Basarab II, voivode. (Full article...)
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Menumorut orMenumorout (ModernHungarian:Ménmarót) was the ruler of the lands between the riversMureș,Someș andTisza at the time of theHungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 900, according to theGesta Hungarorum, a Hungarian chronicle written after 1150 by an unidentified author, referred to asAnonymus. Historians debate whether Menumorut was an actual ruler or a fictional character created by the author, since theGesta tells of multiple figures, including Menumorut, who are not identified in any other primary sources, and does not name any of the enemies of the invading Hungarians written of in other contemporary accounts of the invasion. According to Anonymus, Menumorut's duchy was populated primarily withKhazars andSzékelys, and he acknowledged thesuzerainty of the (unnamed) rulingByzantine Emperor at the time. (Full article...)
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"On a Sunday" is a song recorded by Romanian singerEster Peony. It wasindependently released fordigital download andstreaming as asingle on 17 January 2019. Ioana Victoria Badea wrote the lyrics, while Peony composed the music alongside Alexandru Șerbu. Musically, the track is a mid-tempoblues,R&B,soul and2000s-influencedelectropopballad backed by percussion, guitar,synthesizers andtrance beats. Its lyrics discuss a failed relationship and include Peony reflecting upon a former love interest and the futile idea that he might return. Observers likened the track to theAmerican folk song "The Wayfaring Stranger".
"On a Sunday"represented Romania in theEurovision Song Contest 2019 inTel Aviv, Israel, after winning the pre-selection showSelecția Națională. The country failed to qualify for the final, marking their second and consecutive year to achieve this result. During a large portion of Peony's acclaimedgoth-inspired performance, Peony was singing from a red armchair while accompanying dancers enacted abattle between good and evil visually amplified by various dark graphics showed on theLED screens. The show was the first one in Romania's Eurovision participation history to be significantly invested in by theRomanian Television (TVR), with costs amounting to a reported 100,000euros. (Full article...)
The Romanian press referred to Iordache as "The NewNadia" as early as 2008, when she was 12, due to her skills and potential. In her first year of competition as a senior, Iordache won two gold medals at the2012 European Championships, with her team and onfloor exercise. She then won a bronze medal at the2012 Summer Olympics in theteam competition. Iordache is the2013 World bronze medalist on floor exercise, the2014 World silver medalist in the all-around and on floor exercise, and the2015 World bronze medalist in the all-around. (Full article...)
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Location of the battle
TheBattle of Vaslui (also referred to as theBattle of Podul Înalt or theBattle of Racova) was fought on 10 January 1475, betweenStephen III of Moldavia and theOttoman governor ofRumelia,Hadım Suleiman Pasha. The battle took place at Podul Înalt ("the High Bridge"), near the town ofVaslui, inMoldavia (now part of easternRomania). TheOttoman troops numbered up to 30,000 or 120,000, facing about 40,000 Moldavian troops, plus smaller numbers of allied and mercenary troops.
Stephen inflicted a decisive defeat on the Ottomans, with casualties according toVenetian and Polish records reaching beyond 40,000 on the Ottoman side.Mara Branković (Mara Hatun), the former younger wife ofMurad II, told a Venetian envoy that the invasion had been the worst ever defeat for the Ottomans. Stephen was later awarded the titleAthleta Christi ("Champion of Christ") byPope Sixtus IV, who referred to him as"verus christianae fidei athleta" ("the true defender of the Christian faith"). (Full article...)
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Anca Giurchescu néeCiortea (19 December1930 – 4 April2015) was aRomanian researcher of folk dance, and anethnochoreologist, one of the founders of the discipline. Born in Bucharest to a family formerly from Translylvania, she lived in that region as a child. Entering university, she studied dance at theNational Institute of Physical Education. During her schooling, she participated in competitive target shooting and was a silver (team) and bronze (individual) medalist in the 1955European Shooting Championship. While still studying, she began working as a researcher at theFolklore Institute [ro] and in 1962 became a member of theInternational Council for Traditional Music. The Council established a working group which included Giurchescu, that laid the foundation for the science ofethnochoreology.
In 1979, Giurchescu joined her husband inCopenhagen, after attending a seminar inBelfast, anddefected. She continued her research into the cultural, historical, and social context of dance and taught throughout Europe and the United States. In 1989, the family returned to Romania, when theSocialist Republic of Romania was overthrown and remained for four years before returning to Copenhagen. She led numerous international research trips to study rituals and dance traditions among various ethnic minorities with roots in Romania and the surrounding countries. She was chair of the Study Group on Ethnochoreology of theInternational Council for Traditional Music from 1998 to 2006 and founding chair of their Ethnochoreology Sub-Study Group on Field Research Theory and Methods, leading it from 1990 to 2014. (Full article...)
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"Déjà Vu" is a song by Romanian musician Bob Taylor and Romanian recording artistInna for the latter's debut studio album,Hot (2009). Released in June 2009, it was written and produced bySebastian Barac,Radu Bolfea andMarcel Botezan. Musically, the single is of thedance genre, and originally contained the vocals of Romanian singer Alessia. However, after a feud over compensation between Taylor and her, the song was handed to Inna, although the early version had already been released.
When premiering the new version of "Déjà Vu", Taylor and Inna opted for pseudonyms before revealing their identity later. In order to accompany the single, a music video was shot at a club inNeptun, Romania by Tom Boxer, and it initially did not feature Inna until another version of the visual showed footage of her in Turkey. Commercially, the recording experienced success in European countries, reaching the top ten of the charts in Greece, theCommonwealth of Independent States, France and Romania, among others. "Déjà Vu" was certified Gold by theDutch Association of Producers and Importers of Image and Sound Carriers (NVPI) for selling over 10,000 copies in the Netherlands. (Full article...)
Volcanic activity at Ciomadul commenced witheffusive activity about one million years ago. Most of the volcano was constructed between 650,000 – 500,000 years ago. (Full article...)
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"The Moon" is a song recorded by Romanian groupTaxi. It was released as aCD single in 2000 by Intercont Music in Romania, containing itsRomanian-language version "Luna" as aB-side. "The Moon" was written and produced solely by Teodorescu. It representedRomania in theEurovision Song Contest 2000 inStockholm, Sweden, after "Luna" won the pre-selection showSelecția Națională. In Stockholm, Romania automatically qualified to the final due to their relegation in the previous year and finished in 17th place with 25 points. (Full article...)
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"I Admit" is a song recorded by Romanian singerSanda for her fifth studio albumKhalini (2006). It was recorded at the Studioul Adi Ordean and was released as a CD single in 2004 byRomanian Television (TVR). Adance-pop track withLatin beats in its instrumentation, "I Admit" was written by Irina Gligor and produced by George Popa.
The track representedRomania in theEurovision Song Contest 2004 inIstanbul, Turkey after winning the pre-selection showSelecția Națională. Sanda's victory was widely contested by observers. In Istanbul, Romania automatically qualified to the final due to their top 11 placement inthe previous edition and finished in 18th place with 18 points. Sanda's show contained sexual elements, with her wearing what a reviewer described as avampire-inspired look consisting of a dress similar to those worn byCher. Commercially, "I Admit" failed to impact any national chart. (Full article...)
Conquered in 1716 by the Austrians from the Ottoman Turks, Timișoara developed in the following centuries behind the fortifications and in the urban nuclei located around them. During the second half of the 19th century, the fortress began to lose its usefulness, due to many developments in military technology. Former bastions and military spaces were demolished and replaced with new boulevards and neighborhoods. Timișoara was the first city in theHabsburg monarchy withstreet lighting (1760) and the first European city to be lit by electric street lamps in 1884. It opened the first public lending library in the Habsburg monarchy and built a municipal hospital 24 years ahead ofVienna. Also, in 1771 it published the first German newspaper inSoutheast Europe (Temeswarer Nachrichten). In December 1989, Timișoara was the starting point of theRomanian Revolution. (Full article...)
A former singles top 10 player on theATP Tour, he was active from 1958 to 1979 and won 34 career singles titles. Tiriac was the winner of one grand slam title, the1970 French Open in men's doubles. Țiriac was the first man to play against a woman and defeat her, in a sanctioned tennis tournament (against Abigail Maynard, in 1975). The highlight of his ice hockey career was participating as a defenseman in the Romanian national team at the1964 Winter Olympics. (Full article...)
Image 3Ethnic map of Greater Romania according to the1930 census. Sizeable ethnic minorities put Romania at odds with Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union throughout the interwar period. (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 8Timeline of the borders of Romania between 1859 and 2010 (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 9The Principalities ofMoldavia andWallachia in 1786, Italian map by G. Pittori, since the geographer Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 121941 stamp depicting a Romanian and a German soldier in reference to the two countries' common participation in Operation Barbarossa, the text below readsthe holy war againstBolshevism (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 31Romania after the territorial losses of 1940. The recovery of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the catalyst for Romania's entry into the war on Germany's side. (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 36Map depicting the Dacian Kingdom, including its annexed territories and areas of approximate influence including Pannonia and Bohemia. (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 56Bran Castle (German:Törzburg,Hungarian:Törcsvár) built in 1377, is commonly known asDracula's Castle and is situated in the center of present-day Romania. In addition to its uniquearchitecture, thecastle is famous because of persistent myths that it was once the home ofVlad III Dracula. (fromHistory of Romania)
Image 93The upper map shows Dacia’s territory at the beginning of Burebista’s rule, while the lower map depicts its territory at the end of his reign. (fromHistory of Romania)
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