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Politics (from Ancient Greek πολιτικά (politiká) 'affairs of the cities') is the set of activities that are associated withmaking decisions ingroups, or other forms ofpower relations among individuals, such as the distribution ofstatus orresources.The branch ofsocial science that studies politics andgovernment is referred to aspolitical science.
Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it.
A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which includepromoting one's own political views among people,negotiation with other political subjects, makinglaws, and exercising internal and externalforce, includingwarfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, fromclans andtribes of traditionalsocieties, through modernlocal governments,companies andinstitutions up tosovereign states, to theinternational level.
In modernstates, people often formpolitical parties to represent their ideas. Members of a party often agree to take the same position on many issues and agree to support the same changes to law and the same leaders. Anelection is usually a competition between different parties.
Apolitical system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a society. Thehistory of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such asPlato'sRepublic,Aristotle'sPolitics,Confucius's political manuscripts andChanakya'sArthashastra. (Full article...)
TheCultural Revolution Group (CRG) (Chinese:中央文革小组) was formed in May 1966 as a replacement organisation to theCentral Committee Secretariat and the "Five Man Group", and was initially directly responsible to theStanding Committee of the Politburo. It consisted mainly of radical supporters of Mao, includingChen Boda, the Chairman's wifeJiang Qing,Kang Sheng,Yao Wenyuan,Zhang Chunqiao,Wang Li andXie Fuzhi. The CRG had a central role to play in theCultural Revolution's first few years, and for a period of time the group replaced the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) as thede facto top power organ of China. Its members were also involved in many of the major events of the Cultural Revolution.
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Parliament House is the meeting facility of theParliament of Australia located inCanberra, the capital of Australia. The building was designed by Mitchell/Giurgola Architects and opened on9 May 1988 byElizabeth II,Queen of Australia. At the time of the construction, it was the most expensive building in the world at more thanA$1.1 billion.
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Richard Nixon (1913–1994) was the37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. He graduated fromWhittier College in 1934 andDuke University School of Law in 1937, returning to California to practice law. He served in theUnited States Navy duringWorld War II. Nixon was elected to theHouse of Representatives in1946 and to theSenate in1950. He served for eight years as vice president, from 1953 to 1961, and waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in1960, narrowly losing toJohn F. Kennedy. In 1968,Nixon ran again for president and waselected. He initially escalated theVietnam War, but ended U.S. involvement in 1973. Nixon'svisit to the People's Republic of China in 1972 opened diplomatic relations between the two nations. Though he presided overApollo 11, he scaled back manned space exploration. He wasre-elected by a landslide in 1972. A series of revelations in theWatergate scandal cost Nixon much of his political support in his second term, and on August 9, 1974, he resigned as president. In retirement, Nixon's work as an elder statesman, authoring several books and undertaking many foreign trips, helped to rehabilitate his public image.
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