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Politics is the set of activities that are associated withmaking decisions ingroups, or other forms ofpower relations among individuals, such as the distribution ofstatus orresources.The branch ofsocial science that studies politics andgovernment is referred to aspolitical science.
Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it.
A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which includepromoting one's own political views among people,negotiation with other political subjects, makinglaws, and exercising internal and externalforce, includingwarfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, fromclans andtribes of traditionalsocieties, through modernlocal governments,companies andinstitutions up tosovereign states, to theinternational level.
In modernstates, people often formpolitical parties to represent their ideas. Members of a party often agree to take the same position on many issues and agree to support the same changes to law and the same leaders. Anelection is usually a competition between different parties.
Apolitical system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a society. Thehistory of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such asPlato'sRepublic,Aristotle'sPolitics,Confucius's political manuscripts andChanakya'sArthashastra. (Full article...)
TheViet Nam Quoc Dan Dang is a revolutionarysocialist political party that sought independence from French colonial rule inVietnam during the early 20th century. Its origins lie in the mid-1920s, when a group of youngHanoi-based intellectuals began publishing revolutionary material. From 1928, the VNQDD attracted attention through its assassinations of French officials and Vietnamese collaborators. Under increasing French pressure, the VNQDD leadership switched tack, replacing a strategy of isolated clandestine attacks against individuals with a plan to expel the French in a single blow with a large-scale popular uprising. After stockpiling home-made weapons, the VNQDD launchedan uprising on 10 February 1930 atYen Bai with the aim of sparking a widespread revolt. The mutiny was quickly put down, with heavy French retribution.Nguyen Thai Hoc and other leading figures were captured and executed and the VNQDD never regained its political strength in the country. During the 1930s, the party was eclipsed byHo Chi Minh'sIndochinese Communist Party (ICP). Vietnam was occupied byJapan duringWorld War II and, in the chaos that followed the Japanese surrender in 1945, the VNQDD and the ICP briefly joined forces in the fight for Vietnamese independence. However, after a falling out, Ho purged the VNQDD, leaving his communist-dominatedVietminh unchallenged as the foremost anti-colonial militant organisation.
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| Credit: Photograph credit: Eivind Enger; restored by Adam Cuerden |
Gina Krog (20 June 1847 – 14 April 1916) was a Norwegiansuffragist, teacher, liberal politician, writer and editor. She played a central role in the Norwegianwomen's movement from the 1880s until her death, notably as a leading campaigner for women'sright to vote. In 1884, Krog co-founded theNorwegian Association for Women's Rights with liberal MPHagbart Berner. Over the next two decades, Krog co-founded theWomen's Voting Association, theNational Association for Women's Suffrage, and theNorwegian National Women's Council, spearheading the presentation of women's suffrage proposals to theStorting (the Norwegian parliament). She was an early member of theLiberal Party and served as a deputy member of its national board.
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Han Sorya (Korean:한설야, bornHan Pyŏngdo; 3 August 1900 – 6 April 1976) was a Korean writer, literary administrator and politician who spent much of his career in North Korea. Regarded as one of the most important fiction writers in North Korean history, Han also served as head of theKorean Writers' Union andMinistry of Education.
During his career, Han survived a number of purges that were caused byfactional strife within theWorkers' Party of North Korea, to become a member of theCentral Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. Han, motivated by personal grievances against his rival writers, sometimes acted as the force behind the purges within the cultural establishment as well. Han himself was purged in 1962. In his works, Han offered some of the earliest known contributions to thecult of personality of Kim Il Sung. His influence is felt in North Korea even today, though his name has been forgotten from official histories. Han's best-known work, theanti-American novellaJackals, however, has been invoked in the 2000s.
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