Physics is one of the oldestacademic disciplines. Over much of the past two millennia, physics,chemistry,biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part ofnatural philosophy, but during theScientific Revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences branched into separate research endeavors. Physics intersects with manyinterdisciplinary areas of research, such asbiophysics andquantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in these and other academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy.
The Sun orbits theGalactic Center at a distance of 24,000 to 28,000light-years. Itsmean distance from Earth is about1.496×108 kilometres or about 8light-minutes. The distance between the Sun and the Earth was used to define a unit of length called theastronomical unit, now defined to be149.5978707×106 kilometres.Its diameter is about1,391,400 km (864,600 mi), 109 times that of Earth.The Sun's mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, making up about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. The mass of the Sun's surface layer, itsphotosphere, consists mostly ofhydrogen (~73%) andhelium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, includingoxygen,carbon,neon, andiron. (Full article...)
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Joan, Lady Curran (bornJoan Elizabeth Strothers; 26 February 1916 – 10 February 1999) was a Welsh physicist who played important roles in the development ofradar and theatomic bomb during theSecond World War. She devised a method of releasingchaff, a radar countermeasure technique credited with reducing losses among Alliedbomber crews. She also worked on the development of theproximity fuse and the electromagneticisotope separation process for the atomic bomb.
To be classified as a hurricane, atropical cyclone must have one-minute-averagemaximum sustained winds at 10 m (33 ft) above the surface of at least 74 mph (64 kn, 119 km/h; Category 1). The highest classification in the scale,Category 5, consists of storms with sustained winds of at least 157 mph (137 kn, 252 km/h). The classifications can provide some indication of the potential damage andflooding a hurricane will cause uponlandfall. (Full article...)
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The missing aircraft (9M-MRO) seen in 2013. The analysis of communications betweenMalaysia Airlines Flight 370 andInmarsat'ssatellite telecommunication network provide the primary source of information about Flight 370's location and possible in-flight events after it disappeared from military radar coverage at 02:22 Malaysia Standard Time (MYT) on 8 March 2014 (17:22 UTC, 7 March), one hour after communication withair traffic control ended and the aircraft departed from its plannedflight path while over theSouth China Sea.
Flight 370 was a scheduled commercial flight with 227 passengers and 12 crew which departedKuala Lumpur, Malaysia, at 0:41 and was scheduled to land inBeijing, China, at 6:30 China Standard Time (6:30 MYT; 22:30 UTC, 7 March). Malaysia has worked in conjunction with theAustralian Transport Safety Bureau to co-ordinate the analysis, which has also involved the UK'sAir Accidents Investigation Branch,Inmarsat, and USNational Transportation Safety Board. Other groups have also made efforts to analyse the satellite communications, albeit challenged by a lack of publicly available information for several months after the disappearance. On 29 July 2015, debris was discovered onRéunion Island which was later confirmed to have come from Flight 370; it is the first physical evidence that Flight 370 ended in the Indian Ocean. (Full article...)
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata"C. V." Raman (/ˈrɑːmən/RAH-muhn;Tamil:சந்திரசேகர வெங்கட ராமன்,romanised: Cantiracēkara Veṅkaṭa Rāmaṉ; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indianphysicist known for his work in the field oflight scattering. Using aspectrograph that he developed, he and his studentK. S. Krishnan discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, the deflected light changes itswavelength. This phenomenon, a hitherto unknown type of scattering of light, which they calledmodified scattering was subsequently termed theRaman effect orRaman scattering. In 1930, Raman received theNobel Prize in Physics for this discovery and was the first Asian andnon-White person to receive aNobel Prize in Physics.
Two geostationary satellites in the same orbit Ageostationary orbit, also referred to as ageosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO), is acirculargeosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) in altitude above Earth'sequator, 42,164 km (26,199 mi) in radius from Earth's center, and following thedirection ofEarth's rotation.
An object in such an orbit has anorbital period equal to Earth's rotational period, onesidereal day, and so to ground observers it appears motionless, in a fixed position in the sky. The concept of a geostationary orbit was popularised by the science fiction writerArthur C. Clarke in the 1940s as a way to revolutionise telecommunications, and the firstsatellite to be placed in this kind of orbit was launched in 1963. (Full article...)
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Acomputed tomography scan (CT scan), formerly calledcomputed axial tomography scan (CAT scan), is amedical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body. The personnel that perform CT scans are calledradiographers or radiology technologists.
CT scanners use a rotatingX-ray tube and a row of detectors placed in agantry to measure X-rayattenuations by different tissues inside the body. The multipleX-ray measurements taken from different angles are then processed on a computer usingtomographic reconstruction algorithms to producetomographic (cross-sectional) images (virtual "slices") of a body. CT scans can be used in patients with metallic implants or pacemakers, for whommagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) iscontraindicated. (Full article...)
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A glass building facade
Glass is anamorphous (non-crystalline) solid. Because it is oftentransparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use inwindow panes,tableware, andoptics. Some common objects made of glass are named after the material, e.g., a "glass" for drinking, "glasses" for vision correction, and a "magnifying glass".
Glass is most often formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of themolten form. Some glasses such asvolcanic glass are naturally occurring, andobsidian has been used to make arrowheads and knives since theStone Age. Archaeological evidence suggests glassmaking dates back to at least 3600 BC inMesopotamia,Egypt, orSyria. The earliest known glass objects werebeads, perhaps created accidentally duringmetalworking or the production offaience, which is a form of pottery using lead glazes. (Full article...)
TheS-1 Executive Committee laid the groundwork for theManhattan Project by initiating and coordinating the early research efforts in the United States, and liaising with theTube Alloys Project in Britain.
Astronomer Jerry R. Ehman discovered the anomaly a few days later while reviewing the recorded data. On the computer printout, he circled the reading of the signal's intensity, "6EQUJ5", and wrote the comment "Wow!" beside it, leading to the event's widely used name. (Full article...)
Thecelestial spheres, orcelestial orbs, were the fundamental entities of thecosmological models developed byPlato,Eudoxus,Aristotle,Ptolemy,Copernicus, and others. In these celestial models, theapparent motions of thefixed stars andplanets are accounted for by treating them as embedded in rotating spheres made of an aetherial, transparent fifth element (quintessence), like gems set in orbs. Since it was believed that the fixed stars were unchanging in their positions relative to one another, it was argued that they must be on the surface of a single starry sphere. (Full article...)
1919 -Elmer Imes's published work presented the first accurate measurement of the distance between atoms in molecules with high resolutioninfrared spectroscopy.APS.
The following are images from various physics-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1Computer simulation ofnanogears made offullerene molecules. It is hoped that advances in nanoscience will lead to machines working on the molecular scale. (fromCondensed matter physics)
Image 2Classical physics is usually concerned with everyday conditions: speeds are much lower than thespeed of light, sizes are much greater than that of atoms, yet very small in astronomical terms. Modern physics, however, is concerned with high velocities, small distances, and very large energies. (fromModern physics)
Image 11Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), early proponent of the modern scientific worldview and method (fromHistory of physics)
Image 12The Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The inscriptions on theedicts of Ashoka (3rd century BCE) display this number system being used by the ImperialMauryas. (fromHistory of physics)
Image 19One possible signature of a Higgs boson from a simulatedproton–proton collision. It decays almost immediately into two jets ofhadrons and two electrons, visible as lines. (fromHistory of physics)
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