TheBattle of Gettysburg, fought in July 1863 aroundGettysburg, was the bloodiest battle of theAmerican Civil War with over 51,000Union andConfederate casualties, and resulted in a repulsion of the Confederacy's invasion of the North. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, the state'ssteel production and manufacturing-based economy contributed to the development of much of the nation's early infrastructure, including key bridges, skyscrapers, and military hardware used in U.S.-led victories inWorld War I,World War II, and theCold War. In the 21st century, Pennsylvania has garnered the nickname "Cellicon State" for the central role of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh in the development ofimmunotherapies to treat different cancers. (Full article...)
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Tropical Storm Henri near peak intensity on September 5
Tropical Storm Henri was a moderatetropical storm that struck Florida during the2003 Atlantic hurricane season. The eighth storm of the season, Henri was one of six tropical cyclones to hit the United States in the year. Henri formed from atropical wave in theGulf of Mexico on September 3. Moving generally to the east, it strengthened to reach peak winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) two days later. Henri encountered unfavorable conditions, and it weakened before making landfall on westernFlorida nearClearwater as a tropical depression. Although Henri degenerated into a remnantlow on September 8, the weather system persisted off the east coast of the United States for a few days before moving back ashore over North Carolina. The system brought heavy rainfall across parts of theMid-Atlantic before dissipating on September 17.
Henri caused little damage as a tropical cyclone. In Florida, it dropped heavyrainfall, though damage was limited to minorflooding damage. InDelaware andPennsylvania, damage was greater, where heavy rainfall damaged hundreds of houses and businesses. The resulting floods in Delaware were described as a1 in 500 year event. The total damage by Henri along its path amounted to $19.6 million (2003 USD), but no deaths were reported. (Full article...)
Roaring Brook (also known asRoaring Branch Creek orRoaring Creek and historically known asNay-aug) is atributary of theLackawanna River inLackawanna County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 21 miles (34 km) long and flows throughCovington Township,Madison Township,Moscow,Roaring Brook Township,Elmhurst Township,Dunmore, andScranton. Thewatershed of the stream has an area of 56.3 square miles (146 km2). Its named tributaries include Little Roaring Brook, Rock Bottom Creek, White Oak Run, Van Brunt Creek, Bear Brook, and East Branch Roaring Brook. It has a high level of water quality for much of its length. However, it is affected by abandoned mining land,stormwater, and other impacts in its lower reaches. Reservoirs in the watershed include the Hollister Reservoir, the Elmhurst Reservoir, and others. The stream also flows through the Nay Aug Gorge and passes over the Nay Aug Falls, which are on the National Register of Geologic Landmarks. It flows through a concrete channel in its lower reaches. The topography of the watershed contains rolling hills in its upper reaches and the mountainous land of theMoosic Mountains in its lower reaches.
Land uses in the watershed of Roaring Brook include forested land, agricultural land, and developed land such as high-density residential land and downtown commercial land. Abandoned mine land also occurs in the watershed and wetlands occur in some areas. Major roads in the stream's drainage basin include Interstate 380, Interstate 84, Pennsylvania Route 435, Pennsylvania Route 590, and Pennsylvania Route 690.Mills andforges were built along the stream in the late 1700s and early 1800s. During the 19th century, there was a substantial coal and iron industry in the watershed. Several railroads were also built in the stream's vicinity. Numerous bridges, including theHarrison Avenue Bridge (which is on the National Register of Historic Places) have been built across the stream as well. Additionally, sites such as theScranton Iron Furnaces are in its watershed. (Full article...)
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The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as theGettysburg Cyclorama, is acyclorama painting by the French artistPaul Philippoteaux depictingPickett's Charge, the climacticConfederate attack on theUnion forces during theBattle of Gettysburg on July 3, 1863. After being commissioned byChicago investors, Philippoteaux studied the battlefield and interviewed participants, completing the cyclorama in 1883. ABoston version of the cyclorama was later made, as well as two other major copies. After being displayed in several other locations in whole and in part, the Boston version was taken toGettysburg, Pennsylvania, and was displayed there beginning in the 1910s. In 1942, it was purchased by theNational Park Service. The cyclorama has been restored multiple times and is on display atGettysburg National Military Park. (Full article...)
In contrast with their status as a perennial losing franchise in the pre-merger NFL, where they were the oldest team never to have won a league championship, the Steelers of the post-merger (modern) era are among the most successful NFL franchises, especially during their dynasty in the 1970s. The team is tied with theNew England Patriots for the mostSuper Bowl titles at six, and they have both played in (16 times) and hosted (11 times) more conference championship games than any other team in the NFL. The Steelers have also won eightAFC championships, tied with theDenver Broncos, but behind the Patriots' record 11 AFC championships. The team is tied with the Broncos,Dallas Cowboys, andSan Francisco 49ers for the second-most Super Bowl appearances with eight. (Full article...)
Image 6Bethlehem Steel inBethlehem was one of the world's leading steel manufacturers for most of the 20th century. In 1982, however, it discontinued most of its operations, declared bankruptcy in 2001, and was dissolved in 2003. (fromPennsylvania)
Image 7Ethnic origins of Pennsylvanians (fromPennsylvania)
Image 17Map of counties in Pennsylvania by racial and ethnic plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census (fromPennsylvania)
Image 18One of only two confirmed photos ofAbraham Lincoln (sitting in center, facing camera, without his traditional top hat) atGettysburg a few hours prior to giving theGettysburg Address atGettysburg National Cemetery on November 19, 1863. The address, which was only 271 words in length, ranks among the most famed speeches in American history. (fromHistory of Pennsylvania)
Image 24The locomotiveTioga inPhiladelphia in 1848; Pennsylvania was an important railroad center throughout the 19th century. (fromHistory of Pennsylvania)
Image 28TheBattle of Gettysburg, an 1887 portrait byThure de Thulstrup depicting theBattle of Gettysburg, fought over three days from July 1 to 3, 1863, inGettysburg. It was thedeadliest battle ever fought on American soil and the bloodiest battle in all of American military history. But theUnion army's victory at Gettysburg proved theCivil War's turning point, paving the way for theUnion's ultimate victory two years later and the nation's preservation. (fromPennsylvania)
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