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Introduction

Image created byWalter Crane to celebrateInternational Workers' Day (May Day, 1 May), 1889. The image depicts workers from the five populated continents (Africa, Asia, Americas, Australia and Europe) in unity underneath an angel representing freedom, fraternity and equality.

Thelabour movement is the collective organisation ofworking people to further their shared political and economic interests. It consists of thetrade union orlabour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance ofclass conflict.

Intrade unions, workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation oflabour laws, from their governments. They do this throughcollective bargaining,sectoral bargaining, and when needed,strike action. In some countries,co-determination gives representatives of workers seats on the board of directors of their employers.

Political parties representing the interests of workers campaign forlabour rights,social security and thewelfare state. They are usually called alabour party (in English-speaking countries), asocial democratic party (inGermanic andSlavic countries), asocialist party (inRomance countries), or sometimes aworkers' party.
Though historically less prominent, thecooperative movement campaigns to replacecapitalist ownership of the economy withworker cooperatives,consumer cooperatives, and other types ofcooperative ownership. This is related to the concept ofeconomic democracy.

The labour movement developed as a response tocapitalism and theIndustrial Revolution of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, at about the same time associalism. The early goals of the movement were theright to unionise, theright to vote,democracy, safe working conditions and the40-hour week. As these were achieved in many of the advanced economies of Western Europe and North America in the early decades of the 20th century, the labour movement expanded to issues of welfare and social insurance,wealth distribution andincome distribution,public services likehealth care and education,social housing and in some casescommon ownership. (Full article...)

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TheAll-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) is thenational trade union center andpeople's organization of thePeople's Republic of China. It is the largest trade union in the world with 302 million members in 1,713,000 primary trade union organizations. The ACFTU is divided into 31 regional federations and 10. The ACFTU is the country's sole legally mandated trade union, with which all enterprise-level trade unions must be affiliated. There has been dispute over whether ACFTU is an independent trade union or a trade union at all. The federation owns a higher education institution—theChina University of Labor Relations. (Full article...)

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February in Labor History

Significant dates in labour history.

February 01 – ThePaterson silk strike of 1913 began in theU.S.; theSan Diego free speech fight began in theU.S. in 1912
February 02 –Shannon J. Wall died
February 03 –George Becker died;José Vitoriano died
February 04 –Bill Haywood was born;John Mitchell was born;Benyoucef Benkhedda died
February 05 –Neil Aggett died;Ludvik Buland died
February 06 – TheSeattle General Strike of 1919 began in theU.S.;Elba Esther Gordillo was born;William Hutcheson was born
February 07 – TheCripple Creek miners' strike of 1894 began in theU.S.; the2006 labour protests in France began;Paul Mattick died
February 08 –Ong Teng Cheong died;Jakob Kaiser was born
February 09 –George Lippard died; theSupreme Court of Canada issued its reasoning inOntario Human Rights Commission v. Etobicoke
February 10 – 11 strikers were killed during theReesor Siding Strike of 1963 inCanada;Peter Smith died; theBuilding and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO was founded; the filmBlue Collar was released
February 11 – TheOxnard strike of 1903 began in theU.S.; theUAW won a first contract atGM, ending theFlint sit-down strike;Nellie Quander was born;Mark Hewitson died;Clyde Cameron was born; theMemphis sanitation strike began
February 12 –John L. Lewis was born
February 13 – TheSons of Vulcan win the first contract in theU.S. iron and steel industry and the first union contract of any kind in American history;Margaretta Scott was born;Dennis McDermott died;John Healey was born
February 14 – TheAsbestos Strike began in1949 inAustralia; theWinter of Discontent ended in theU.K. in 1979;Jimmy Hoffa was born;Michael Sacco was born; theConfederation of State and Municipal Employees of Iceland was founded;Mary Lee was born
February 15 – The1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute began;Baldemar Velasquez was born;Alice Henry died
February 16 – TheGriviţa Strike of 1933 began inRomania in1933;William Quesse died; theNational Hockey League cancelled its season in the middle of the2004-05 NHL lockout;James Orange died;
February 17 –Harry Van Arsdale, Jr. died
February 18 –Peter J. McGuire died;George Campbell was born
February 19 – TheU.S. Supreme Court decidedGarcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority andNLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc.;I. C. Frimu died
February 20 –Chittabrata Majumdar died
February 21 –Patrick J. Campbell died;Phil Hare was born;Felix Aylmer was born
February 22 –Albert Shanker died;David Dubinsky was born; theDemocratic Organization of African Workers' Trade Union was founded;Poncke Princen died
February 23 –Douglas Fraser died;Graduate Employees Together – University of Pennsylvania was formed;John Holman died;Kate Barnard died;Benyoucef Benkhedda was born; theMarine Engineers' Beneficial Association was founded
February 24 – TheGeneral Union of Algerian Workers was founded; theU.S. Supreme Court decidedMuller v. Oregon;John P. Frey was born;Marshall W. Mason was born
February 25 –Edgar Nixon died;Las Aguas Bajan Turbias, anArgentine film about workers forming a trade union, debuted in theU.S.
February 26 –John Holman was born; theSouthern California supermarket strike of 2003–04 ended in theU.S.;Frederick Hayday died
February 27 – TheLabour Party was founded in theU.K. in 1909;Mark Hewitson died; the firstSpanish Trade Union Organisation congress was held; theEuropean Court of Human Rights decidedASLEF v. United Kingdom;Tom Williamson, Baron Williamson died
February 28 – TheUniversity of Miami 2006 custodial workers' strike began in theU.S.;John White was born;Hal C. Banks was born;Lim Chin Siong was born;John La Rose died;Tommy Lewis died;Ted Theodore died;Arthur Hayday died
February 29 –A. L. Lloyd was born

Jan•Feb•Mar•Apr•May•Jun•Jul•Aug•Sep•Oct•Nov•Dec

More Did you know(auto-generated)

... thatAna Sigüenza was the first woman to be the general secretary of anational trade union center in Spain?
... thatDolores Jiménez y Muro staged a hunger strike from prison while she was in her sixties and in poor health?
... that aftera tornado strike at a St. Louis–area Amazon warehouse killed six workers, the rebuilt warehouse still had no proper storm shelter?
... that the murder ofLuisa Lallana sparked ageneral strike inRosario, Argentina?
... that while the United States publicly denied any wrongdoing in a2013 drone strike on a wedding convoy, it likely gave over $1 million in compensation to the victims' families?
... that the BritishTychon missile was developed from aBarnes Wallis concept to keepstrike aircraft safe while droppingnuclear bombs?

Related Portals

Selected image

Image 1Camp put up by strikingPepsi-Cola workers, inGuatemala City,Guatemala, 2008.
Image 2Wilma B. Liebman, chair,NLRB.
Image 3Union members march inArgentina onHuman Rights Day in December 2005. The signs read "Worker rights are human rights..
Image 4Registered nurses on strike in 2006 outsideRobert Wood Johnson University Hospital.
Image 5Armed vigilantesdeport striking copper miners during theBisbee Deportation in Bisbee, Arizona, July 12, 1917.
Image 6Barges set ablaze by steelworkers during theHomestead strike in1892.
Image 7Public and Commercial Services Union members on strike inManchester 2006.
Image 8Union memberspicketing recentNLRB rulings outside the agency'sWashington, D.C., headquarters in November 2007.
Image 9John L. Lewis (right, President of theUnited Mine Workers, confers withThomas Kennedy (left), UMW Secretary-Treasurer of the UMW, and a UMW official at theWar Labor Board in 1943 about a coal miners' strike.
Image 10American Federation of Teachers (AFT) presidentAlbert Shanker.
Image 11Protesters barricade the street on June 22 during the2006 Oaxaca protests.
Image 12Crowd gathered outside old City Hall during theWinnipeg general strike, June 21, 1919.
Image 13Lewis Hine's1920 image "Power house mechanic working on steam pump," which shows a working class young American man with wrench in hand, hunched over, surrounded by the machinery that defines his work.
Image 14Richard Trumka.
Image 15Memorial marker for theBay View Tragedy.
Image 16Striking I.W.W. members confrontMassachusetts National Guard troops inBoston, during theLawrence textile strike in 1912.
Image 17Members of theUnited Steelworkers inOhio phone bank other union members to educate them about critical issues in the 2008 election in the U.S.
Image 18AnAFL–CIO protest ofRite Aid, with Rev. Mark Reisinger (Pastor of Grace United Methodist Church inMechanicsburg, Pennsylvania),Bill George, andRichard Bloomingdale.
Image 19TheWestern Federation of Miners' famous flyer entitled "Is Colorado in America?".
Image 20Political cartoon about theCoal Strike of 1902 from the Cleveland Plain Dealer.
Image 21Samuel Gompers, President of theAmerican Federation of Labor, and his wife, circa 1908.
Image 22The front page of theUnion Record on theSeattle General Strike of 1919.
Image 23George Meany, former leader of theAFL–CIO.
Image 24William Green, president of theAFL–CIO from 1924 to 1952.
Image 25Picket signs at the2007 Writers Guild of America strike.
Image 26United Mine Workers of America poster circa 1902.
Image 27Union elections with an illegal firing, 1951 to 2007.
Image 28National Federation of Federal Employees officials sign a collective bargaining agreement with the U.S. 8th Army in October 2002.
Image 29Rally inDhaka, organized by Jatiyo Nari Shramik Trade Union Kendra (National Women Workers Trade Union Centre), an organization affiliated with the Bangladesh Trade Union Kendra.
Image 30Shields used bystriking workers at the Carnegie Steel Works during theHomestead Strike in 1892.
Image 31Breaker boys, child laborers, working in a U.S. coal mine in 1911.
Image 32Detail of monument to theReesor Siding Strike of 1963.
Image 33Exaggerated 19th century engraving showing flames and smoke following theHaymarket riot.
Image 34Illustration from the BrisbaneWorker newspaper condemning the brutality of theQueensland Police onBlack Friday during the1912 Brisbane General Strike.
Image 35Striking teamsters armed with pipes battle police in the streets during theMinneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934.
Image 36BigBill Haywood, a founding member and leader of theIndustrial Workers of the World.
Image 37Knights of Labor Grand Master WorkmanTerence V. Powderly.
Image 38EmptyGare du Nord train station during theNovember 2007 strikes in France.
Image 39Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
Image 40Samuel Gompers.
Image 41Joe Hill.
Image 42DuringWorld War II, a female aircraft worker checks electrical assemblies at theVega Aircraft Corporation inBurbank, California.
Image 43Mounted police chase demonstrators throughVancouver's East End during theBattle of Ballantyne Pier in1935.
Image 44Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York) notice of subway closure during the2005 New York City transit strike.
Image 45Striking American Railway Union members confrontIllinois National Guard troops inChicago, Illinois, during thePullman Strike in 1894.
Image 46Striking workers march moments before theSwedish military opened fire, killing five workers during theÅdalen shootings.
Image 47Cripple Creek, Colo., under martial law, during the1894 strike.
Image 48Mary Harris "Mother" Jones.
Image 49Former headquarters of theUnited Mine Workers of America and theCongress of Industrial Organizations, 900 15th Street NW, Washington, D.C., in 200.
Image 50AFL–CIO unions protest outsideVerizon headquarters inPhiladelphia using a giant inflatable rat.
Image 51J. Warren Madden, the firstChair of theNational Labor Relations Board.
Image 52May Day Rally inMumbai,India, 2004.
Image 53Australian industrial relations legislation national day of protest, 2005.
Image 54Strike leaders at thePaterson silk strike of 1913. From left,Patrick Quinlan,Carlo Tresca,Elizabeth Gurley Flynn,Adolph Lessig, andBill Haywood.
Image 55ThePlace de la Sorbonne inParis is closed by police during the2006 labour protests in France.
Image 56Strike sign used by theGerman Train Drivers' Union in theGerman national rail strike of 2007.
Image 57A. Philip Randolph.
Image 58TheLudlow massacre monument located inLudlow, Colorado,United States.

Selected Quote

"There is a dawn approaching that is indicating and shouting to us that it's our moment. But we've got to seize that moment and use what we know so well—how to organize and, fundamentally, how to fight!"

— Tony Mazzocchi, speech to the 1998 convention of theUnited Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America

Did you know

...that theBrazilian labour movement was predominantlyanarchist until the 1920s?
...thatEdwin D. Hill was the first president of theInternational Brotherhood of Electrical Workers to be elected bysecret ballot?
...that in 1962doctors went on strike inSaskatchewan for 23 days in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the introduction ofuniversal health insurance?

More Did You Know?

Topics

Organized labor

Formation

Structure	Labor council Union organizer National trade union center Global union federation Union representative Clerk of the Chapel Father of the Chapel Local union Union dues Vigilance committee Union label Salt Trades hall Duty of fair representation
Models	Organizing model Service model Social movement unionism Community unionism Members-only unionism One Big Union Open-source unionism Business unionism Dual unionism Solidarity unionism Syndicalism
Types	Company union Independent union General union Craft unionism Industrial unionism

Industrial
relations

Shops and hiring	Closed shop Open shop Agency shop Union shop Hiring hall Bump Scope clause
Actions	Unfair list Strike action recognition secondary action Strike notice Occupation of factories Precarious work Precarity General strike Sitdown strike Slowdown Bossnapping Stay-away Labor unrest Grievance Organizational dissent Overtime ban Industrial action Walkout Contingent work Whipsaw strike Wildcat strike action Work-to-rule Green ban Picketing
Bargaining	Bargaining unit Collective bargaining Collaborative bargaining Enterprise bargaining agreement Global framework agreement Master contract Mutual gains bargaining Pattern bargaining Union security agreement
Compensation	Strike pay Union wage premium Workers' compensation

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