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The Opera Portal

La Fenice

Opera is anart form in whichsingers andmusicians perform adramatic work (called an opera) which combines a text (called alibretto) and amusical score. Opera is part of the Westernclassical music tradition. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such asacting,scenery andcostumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in anopera house, accompanied by anorchestra or smallermusical ensemble.

Opera started in Italy at the end of the 16th century (withJacopo Peri's lostDafne, produced inFlorence around 1597), and was championed byClaudio Monteverdi with works such asL'Orfeo. It soon spread through the rest of Europe:Schütz in Germany,Lully in France, andPurcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. However, in the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe, except France, attracting foreign composers such asHandel.Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, untilGluck reacted against its artificiality with his "reform" operas in the 1760s. Today the most renowned figure of late 18th century opera isMozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italiancomic operas, especiallyThe Marriage of Figaro,Don Giovanni, andCosì fan tutte, as well asThe Magic Flute, a landmark in the German tradition.

The first third of the 19th century saw the highpoint of thebel canto style, withRossini,Donizetti andBellini all creating works that are still performed today. It also saw the advent ofGrand Opera typified by the works ofMeyerbeer. The mid to late 19th century is considered by some a golden age of opera, led byWagner in Germany andVerdi in Italy. This 'golden age' developed through theverismo era in Italy and contemporaryFrench opera through toPuccini andStrauss in the early 20th century. During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in Central and Eastern Europe, particularly inRussia andBohemia. The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such asatonality andserialism (Schoenberg andBerg),Neo-Classicism (Stravinsky), andMinimalism (Philip Glass andJohn Adams). With the rise of recording technology, singers such asEnrico Caruso became known to audiences beyond the circle of opera fans. Operas were also performed on (and written for) radio and television.

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Parsifal in a painting by Hermann Hendrich

Parsifal is anopera, ormusic drama, in three acts byRichard Wagner. It is loosely based onWolfram von Eschenbach'sParzival, themedieval (13th century)epic poem of theArthurian knight Parzival (Percival) and his quest for theHoly Grail. Wagner first conceived the work in April 1857 but it was not finished until twenty-five years later. It was to be Wagner's last completed opera and in composing it he took advantage of the particularsonority of hisBayreuth Festspielhaus.Parsifal was first produced at the secondBayreuth Festival on 26 July 1882 in a performance conducted byHermann Levi. The Bayreuth Festival maintained an exclusive monopoly onParsifal productions until 1903, when the opera was performed at theMetropolitan Opera in New York. Wagner preferred to describeParsifal not as an opera, but as "ein Bühnenweihfestspiel" – "A Festival Play for the Consecration of the Stage". At Bayreuth a tradition has arisen that there is no applause after the first act of the opera.

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Sapho

Credit: Jean de Paleologu (1855–1942)
Restoration byAdam Cuerden

Poster for the world première of Massenet's opéra-comiqueSapho. It was first performed on 27 November 1897 at theThéâtre Lyrique in Paris withEmma Calvé in the title role. The story, based onAlphonse Daudet's novel of the same name, concerns the beautiful Sapho, an artist's model of a certain age and notorious life, who begins an ill-fated affair with a younger man.

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In this month

3 November 1864 -George Alexander Macfarren'sHelvellyn had its world premiere at the Covent Garden Theater inLondon.
12 November 1898 –Enrique Granados' operaMaría del Carmen had its world premiere at the Teatro de Parish inMadrid.
13 November 1868 –Gioachino Rossini, the composer ofThe Barber of Seville,La Cenerentola,William Tell and 36 other operas, died inParis at the age of 76.
17 November 1898 –Umberto Giordano's operaFedora had its world premiere inRome conducted by Giordano himself withGemma Bellincioni in the title role.
17 November 1936 – The celebrated contralto,Ernestine Schumann-Heink, died inLos Angeles at the age of 75.
27 November 1758 –Senesino(pictured), the Italiancastrato singer who created 17 leading roles inHandel's operas, died inSiena, the city of his birth, at the age of 72.
27 November 1880 –Rome's main opera house, theTeatro Costanzi (now known as the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma), was officially inaugurated with a performance ofRossini'sSemiramide.
29 November 1797 –Gaetano Donizetti, the composer ofLucia di Lammermoor,La fille du régiment, andL'elisir d'amore was born inBergamo.
30 November 1866 – The tenor and operaimpresario,Andreas Dippel, was born inKassel, Germany.

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Leoš Janáček, baptisedLeo Eugen Janáček, (3 July 1854 – 12 August 1928) was aCzech composer,musical theorist,folklorist, publicist and teacher. He was inspired byMoravian and allSlavic folk music to create an original, modern musical style. Until 1895 he devoted himself mainly to folkloristic research and his early musical output was influenced by contemporaries such asAntonín Dvořák. His later, mature works incorporate his earlier studies of national folk music in a modern, highly original synthesis, first evident in the operaJenůfa, which was premiered in 1904 inBrno. The success ofJenůfa (often called the "Moravian national opera") atPrague in 1916 gave Janáček access to the world's great opera stages. Janáček's later works are his most celebrated. They include the symphonic poemSinfonietta, theoratorioGlagolitic Mass, the rhapsodyTaras Bulba, two string quartets, other chamber works and operas. Along with Antonín Dvořák andBedřich Smetana, he is considered one of the most important Czech composers.

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I sincerely believe that nothing will make better citizenship than familiarity with grand opera. It lifts one so out of the sordid affairs of life and makes material things seem so petty, so inconsequential, that it places one for the time being, at least, in a higher and better world.

—Oscar Hammerstein I

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1800 –Le trompeur trompé: Dieu du bonheur, Dieu plein du charmes...

A polacca fromLe trompeur trompé, an 1800opéra comique byPierre Gaveaux and François Bernard-Valville. Performed on historical instruments, with Montserrat Alavedra as Agathe.

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Did you know?

... that theKnickerbocker Hotel in New York City was host to the world-famous opera singerEnrico Caruso(pictured) who sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" from the window of his room onArmistice Day?
... thatoperatic sopranoGail Robinson won theMetropolitan Opera auditions at the young age of 19?
... thatlyric tenorEvan Gorga, who created the role of Rodolfo in the original production ofGiacomo Puccini's operaLa bohème, reprised the role in several productions, then retired at the age of 34?

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WikiProjects

Parent projects

WikiProject Arts•WikiProject Music•WikiProject Theatre

Main project

WikiProject Opera

Descendant projects

WikiProject Richard Wagner•WikiProject Gilbert and Sullivan

Similar projects

WikiProject Classical music •WikiProject Composers

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Main topics

Opera history:Origins of opera • Italian opera • Opera in German • French opera • Opera in English • Polish opera • Russian opera • Hungarian opera • Armenian opera • Opera in Latin America

Opera genres:Azione teatrale · Ballad opera · Comédie en vaudevilles · Comédie mêlée d'ariettes · Dramma giocoso · Dramma per musica · Farsa · Festa teatrale · Género chico · Grand Opera · Music Drama · Opéra-ballet · Opera buffa · Opéra bouffe · Opéra bouffon · Opéra comique · Opéra féerie · Opera semiseria · Opera seria · Operetta · Pastorale héroïque · Romantische Oper · Savoy opera · Semi-opera · Singspiel · Spieloper · Tragédie en musique · Verismo · Zarzuela · Zeitoper

Opera terms:Aria · Aria di sorbetto · Arioso · Bel canto · Breeches role · Burletta · Cabaletta · Cadenza · Cantabile · Castrato · Cavatina · Chest voice · Claque · Coloratura · Comprimario · Convenienze · Coup de glotte · Da capo aria · Diva · Entr'acte · Fach · Falsetto · Fioritura · Gesamtkunstwerk · Head voice · Intermezzo · Kammersänger · Leitmotif · Legato · Libretto · Literaturoper · Mad scene · Maestro · Melodrama · Melodramma · Monodrama · Messa di voce · Opera house · Passaggio · Portamento · Prima donna · Prompter · Recitative · Regietheater · Répétiteur · Sitzprobe · Spinto · Sprechgesang · Squillo · Stagione · Surtitles · Tessitura · Timbre · Vibrato

Opera voices:Baritenor · Baritone · Bass · Bass-baritone · Coloratura soprano · Contralto · Countertenor · Dramatic soprano · Haute-contre · Lyric soprano · Mezzo-soprano · Soprano · Soubrette · Spinto soprano · Tenor · Tenore contraltino · Tenore di grazia

Opera lists:Opera topics • List of operas by composer • Important operas • Major opera composers • Opera librettists • Opera houses • Opera companies • Opera festivals • Opera directors • Operetta composers • Orphean operas • Zarzuela composers • Opera genres • Operas set in the Crusades • The Record of Singing • Bayreuth canon

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly byJL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it istagged (e.g.{{WikiProject Opera}}) orcategorized correctly and wait for the next update. SeeWP:RECOG for configuration options.

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1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones
Adolphe-Joseph-Louis Alizard from Le Charivari
Advertisement for the music score of La Bohème, 1895
Aida poster colors fixed
Al quartiere latino, bozzetto di Adolf Hohenstein per La Bohème (1896) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON000086 - Restoration
Albert Pierre-René Maignan - Jules Massenet - Ariane
Albert Reiss LOC ggbain-25651
Alexandre Charles Lecocq - Giuseppe Verdi - La forza del destino
Alexandre Fragonard - Scène de L'orage (Barbier de Séville)
Alexandre Lacauchie - Gilbert Duprez as Gaston in Verdi's Jérusalem
Alfredo Edel - Jules Massenet - Le mage
Alice Neilsen's production of Victor Herbert's The Fortune Teller
Amilcare Ponchielli (before 1886) - Archivio Storico Ricordi FOTO000794 - Restoration
Amédée Forestier - Illustrated London News - Gilbert and Sullivan - Ruddygore (Ruddigore)
Anna Fernqvist, rollporträtt - SMV - H1 122 - Restoration
Atelier Nadar - Fly scene from Offenbach's Orphée aux enfers with Jeanne Granier as Eurydice and Eugène Vauthier as Jupiter, 1887 revival, wide-angle shot
Atelier Nadar - Galli-Marié in Bizet's Carmen
Atelier Nadar - Jacques Isnardon, Vaudeville
Auguste François-Marie Gorguet - poster for the première performance of Édouard Lalo's Le roi d'Ys (1888)
Barbier, Jules, Nadar, Gallica
Blanche Roosevelt by Napoleon Sarony
Boris Kustodiev - Portrait of Fyodor Chaliapin - Google Art Project
Carl Nielsen c. 1908 - Restoration
Carloz Schwabe - Vincent d'Indy's Fervaal
Cavalleria Rusticana - Alfio and Turiddu embrace
Cavalleria Rusticana - Santuzza and Turiddu outside the church
Charles Gounod (1890) by Nadar
Charles Motte - Rossini et Georges IV - la soirée de Brighton
Charles-Antoine Cambon - La Esmeralda, Act 3, Scene 2 set
Charles-Antoine Cambon - La Esmeralda, Act III, Scene 1 set design (Version 2)
Charles-Antoine Cambon - Set design for Act V, Scene 2 of Fromental Halévy's La reine de Chypre
Charles-Antoine Cambon - Set design for the première of Rossini's Robert Bruce, Act III, Scene 3
Cherubini, Luigi - Medea - Restoration
Christine Nilsson Nadar
Colette and Maurice Ravel's L'enfant et les sortilèges, 1st scene
Colette and Maurice Ravel's L'enfant et les sortilèges, 2nd scene
Collina presso Nagasaki, bozzetto di Alexandre Bailly, Marcel Jambon per Madama Butterfly (1906) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON000079 - Restoration
Composer Rossini G 1865 by Carjat - Restoration
Cover to Doris Waltz by P. Bucalossi after Alfred Cellier - Art by Nicholas Hanhart
Célestin Nanteuil - Jules Massenet - Don César de Bazan
Dudley Hardy - Poster for Basil Hood and Arthur Sullivan's The Rose of Persia
Dudley Hardy - Poster for His Majesty
Edmond Cavé 1844 Ingres - NY Met Museum of Art
Elliott & Fry - photograph W. S. Gilbert
Ethel Smyth
Eugène Du Faget - Costume designs for Guillaume Tell - 1-3. Laure Cinti-Damoreau as Mathilde, Adolphe Nourrit as Arnold Melchtal, and Nicolas Levasseur as Walter Furst
Eugène Du Faget - Costume designs for Les Huguenots - 2. Julie Dorus-Gras as Marguerite, Adolphe Nourrit as Raoul, and Cornélie Falcon as Valentine
Eugène Grasset - Jules Massenet - Werther
Falka - Weir Collection
Falstaff 3
Fausta Labia, porträtt - SMV - H5 028 - Restoration
François-Joseph Bélanger - Set design for Gluck's Alceste
Fromental Halévy, L'Éclair score cover - Restoration
Georges Rochegrosse - Henry Février - Henri Cain and Louis Payen after Victorien Sardou - Gismonda
Georges Rochegrosse - Jules Massenet - Roma
Georges Rochegrosse - Poster for Gabriel Fauré's Pénélope (1913)
Georges Rochegrosse - Poster for the prèmiere of Claude Debussy and Maurice Maeterlinck's Pelléas et Mélisande
Georges Rochegrosse's poster for Jules Massenet's Don Quichotte
Geraldine Ulmar in Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado - photograph only
Giacomo Puccini (1924) - Archivio Storico Ricordi FOTO003293 - Restoration
Gilbert Duprez & Rosine Stoltz in Donizetti's La Favorite
Giuseppe Barberis - Carlo Cornaglia - Giuseppe Verdi's Don Carlo at La Scala
Giuseppe Verdi, Giovanna d'Arco, Vocal Score - Restoration
Giuseppe Verdi, La traviata title page - Restoration
Giuseppe Verdi, Lombardi alla prima crociata. Libretto, 1843 - Restoration
Giuseppe Verdi, Rigoletto, Vocal score illustration by Roberto Focosi - Restoration
Giuseppe Verdi, Simon Boccanegra first edition libretto for the 1881 revision of the opera - Restoration
Giuseppe Verdi, Un Ballo in maschera, Vocal score frontispiece - restoration
H. M. Brock - Gilbert and Sullivan - D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Ruddigore revival 1921
H. M. Brock - Poster for Iolanthe
H.J. Whitlock - Photograph of Arthur Sullivan
H.M.Brock - Poster for Gilbert and Sullivan's The Sorcerer (1919)
Haydée, ou Le secret Act II - Philippe Chaperon
Hector Berlioz, Béatrice et Bénédict score title page - Restoration
Hector Berlioz, La Prise de Troie score cover - Restoration
Hector Berlioz, Les Troyens vocal score cover - Restoration
Hector Berlioz, Les Troyens à Carthage vocal score cover - Restoration
Henri C. R. Presseq - Camille Erlanger - Le juif polonais
Henry Atwell Thomas - Franz von Suppé - Fatinitza
Il signor Tambourossini - Delaroche
Il trovatore by Luigi Morgari
Illustrated London News - Giuseppe Verdi's Attila at Her Majesty's Theatre, London
Iolanthe piano transcriptions by Ernst Perabo
Ivor Novello
Jacques Offenbach - A. Jannin - Robinson Crusoé
Jacques Offenbach by Nadar
Jean de Paleologu - Jules Massenet - Sapho
Jeremiah Gurney - Photograph of Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa
Johann Strauss II by Fritz Luckhardt
John Phillip Sousa - De Wolf Hopper - El Capitan1
Joseph Albert - Ludwig und Malwine Schnorr von Carolsfeld - Tristan und Isolde, 1865f
Jules Massenet - Le Cid 2e Acte, 3e Tableau - L'Illustration
Jules Massenet - Le Cid 3e Acte, 6e Tableau - L'Illustration
Jules Massenet by Eugène Pirou
La Juive Act 1 set 1835 - Restoration
Le comte Ory - Dubois & chez Martinet - Final scene
Lilly Walleni in Daria at Kungliga Operan 1907 - SMV - NV059
Louis Guéymard as Robert le Diable by Gustave Courbet - The Metropolitan Museum of Art 436015 (cropped)
Lucy Arbell as Queen Amahelli in Massenet's Bacchus, wide view
Lucy Arbell in Massenet's Thérèse
Lucy Arbell photographed by Paul Nadar
Luigi Verardi after Dominico Ferri - Gaetano Donizetti - Carrefour de St Jean et Paul. Dans l'Opéra Marino Faliero
Luigi Verardi after Dominico Ferri - Vincenzo Bellini - Théatre Royal Italien. Salle d'armes dans l'Opéra I Puritani
M. Browne - Herbert Railton - Sydney Grundy - Arthur Sullivan - Haddon Hall
Mademoiselle Maupin de l'Opéra (Julie d'Aubigny)
Mademoiselle Priola de l'Opéra Comique, rôle de Javotte dans "Le Roi l'a dit" de Delibes
Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164
Marcel Jambon - Giuseppe Verdi - Otello Act I set design model
Maria Carrara Verdi, Barberina Strepponi, Giuseppe Verdi, Giuditta Ricordi, Teresa Stolz, Umberto Campanari, Giulio Ricordi, Leopoldo Metlicovitz (1900) - Archivio storico Ricordi FOTO003107 - Restoration
Marian Anderson
Maritana - Nov 22 1845 Illustrated London News
Max Brückner - Otto Henning - Richard Wagner - Final scene of Götterdämmerung
Meyerbeer - Les Huguenots - Décor Acte II
Michael William Balfe - Atelier Nadar
Napoli, strada Acquaquilia, bozzetto di Riccardo Salvadori per A Basso Porto (1894) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON002556
Nelly Martyl by Jean Reutlinger (Image 10715)
Paul Maurou - Poster for Edmond Audran's Gillette de Narbonne
Percy Anderson - Poster for The Duchess of Dantzic
Philippe Chaperon - Meyerbeer - Les Huguenots Act I (1896)
Philippe Chaperon - Rigoletto
Philippe Chaperon - Set design for Act V in the première of Victorin Joncières' Dimitri
Philippe Chaperon by Atelier Nadar
Pierre Gaveaux by Edmé Quenedey (1821)
Pierre-Auguste Lamy (?) - Les contes d'Hoffmann by Jacques Offenbach, Giulietta act
Pierre-Auguste Lamy (?) - Les contes d'Hoffmann by Jacques Offenbach, Olympia act
Pierre-Auguste Lamy (?) - Les contes d'Hoffmann by Jacques Offenbach, prologue
Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri - Act III set design for the première production of Daniel Auber's Gustave III
Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri - Eugène Cicéri - Philippe Benoist - Adolphe Jean Baptiste Bayot - Décorations de théâtre, Robert le diable, 3e act
PikiWiki Israel 13773 AIDA AT MASADA 2011
Portrait of Madame Dugazon (Louise Rosalie Lefèvre), in the title rôle of Nina (Scene V)
Poster for Burnand and Sullivan's Cox and Box - Royal Gallery of Illustration
Poster for Gilbert and Clay's Ages Ago at the Royal Gallery of Illustration
Poster for Jules Massenet's La Navarraise with Emma Calvé in the rôle of Anita
Poster for Le pardon de Ploërmel 1859
Poster for The Lucky Star (1899) by Dudley Hardy
Prokofieff (i.e. Prokofiev) LCCN2014708419 Crop 2
Prudent-Louis Leray - Poster for the première of Georges Bizet's Carmen
Robert Jacob Hamerton - Poster for A Sensation Novel
Robert Jacob Hamerton - Poster for F. C. Burnand and Arthur Sullivan's The Contrabandista
Rosa Raisa (1917) - Archivio Storico Ricordi FOTO002701 - Restoration
Set design by Philippe Chaperon for Act1 sc2 of Aida by Verdi 1871 Cairo - Gallica - Restored
Set design by Philippe Chaperon for Act4 sc2 of Aida by Verdi 1880 Paris
Souvenir advertisement for Princess Ida by Alice Havers - Page 1
Souvenir program for the première production of Gilbert and Sullivan's Patience - Cover
Strauss, Richard - Ariadne auf Naxos - Restoration
Tavola 5, bozzetto di Gebrüder Brückner per Tannhäuser (s.d.) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON011721 - Restoration, crop
Teatro Municipal de São Paulo 8
Teresa Brambilla by Antoine Maurin (1845)
The Mikado Chappell Vocal Score cover (c.1895)
Thespis - Illustrated London News Jan 6 1872
Trial by Jury - Chaos in the Courtroom
Utopia Limited Poster
Vasta spianata presso Courtray, bozzetto di Giuseppe Palanti per Edgar (s.d.) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON000128 B
Verdi conducting Aida in Paris 1880 - Gallica - Restoration
Wally (soprano), figurino di Adolf Hohenstein per La Wally (1892) - Archivio Storico Ricordi ICON004639 - Restoration
Wilhelm - Costume design for Arac, Gunon, and Scynthius (Princess Ida, 1884)
Édouard de Reszke by Nadar (BPL Hale Coll)
Émile Bertrand - Jules Massenet - Cendrillon poster