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The Oceans Portal
A portal dedicated to oceans, seas, oceanography and related topics

Selected panorama

– Hover over image and scroll to middle for controls to see more selected panorama images –

Clouds over theSouthern Ocean, with continent labels
Icebergs broken off from glaciers in northernBaffin Bay,Cape York, Greenland
A surfer in thePacific Ocean at the2010 Mavericks competition, village ofPrinceton-by-the-Sea, northern California
A panorama ofZanzibar, Tanzania, particularly theStone Town, taken from theIndian Ocean
A view of theSouthern Ocean fromGreat Ocean Road,Port Campbell, Princetown, Victoria, Australia
A view ofFilfla and theMediterranean Sea. Filfla is a small, mostly barren, uninhabitedislet 4.5 kilometres (2.8 miles) south ofMalta.
Asea anemone in thePacific Ocean,Baja California, Mexico
A mothersperm whale and her calf in theIndian Ocean off the coast of Mauritius
A view ofMyrtos Beach and theIonian Sea,Cephalonia,Ionian Islands, Greece
A view of theSouth China Sea, Bacuit Archipelago, municipality ofEl Nido, Palawan, Philippines
Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting aWeddell seal in theSouthern Ocean
Caesio teres in theSouth Pacific Ocean in Fiji
Satellite view of thePacific Ocean and the main windwardHawaiian Islands

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Introduction

Earth's ocean, showing common divisions Earth'sthermohaline circulation flow Map with five-oceans (approx. boundaries)
Earth's ocean
Main five oceans division: Antarctic/Southern Arctic Atlantic Indian Pacific Further subdivision: Marginal seas
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Earth's ocean, showing common divisions

Earth'sthermohaline circulation flow

Map with five-oceans (approx. boundaries)

Earth's ocean

Main five oceans division:

Further subdivision:

Marginal seas

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WP:OCPWP:OCP

Theocean is the body ofsalt water that covers approximately 70.8% ofEarth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, which are also referred to asoceans (in descending order: thePacific Ocean, theAtlantic Ocean, theIndian Ocean, theAntarctic/Southern Ocean, and theArctic Ocean), and are themselves mostly divided intoseas,gulfs andsubsequent bodies of water. The ocean contains 97% ofEarth's water and is the primary component of Earth'shydrosphere, acting as a hugereservoir of heat forEarth's energy budget, as well as for itscarbon cycle andwater cycle, forming the basis forclimate andweather patterns worldwide. The ocean is essential tolife on Earth, harbouring most of Earth's animals andprotist life, originatingphotosynthesis andtherefore Earth's atmospheric oxygen, still supplying half of it. (Full article...)

Asea is a largebody ofsalt water. There areparticular seas andthe sea.The sea commonly refers to theocean, the interconnected body ofseawaters that spans most of Earth. Particular seas are eithermarginal seas, second-order sections of the oceanic sea (e.g. theMediterranean Sea), or certain large, nearly landlocked bodies of water. (Full article...)

Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known asoceanology,sea science,ocean science, andmarine science, is the scientific study of theocean, including itsphysics,chemistry,biology, andgeology. (Full article...)

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Ernst Haeckel's 96th plate, showing some marine invertebrates. Marine invertebrates have a large variety ofbody plans, which are currently categorised into over 30phyla.

Marine invertebrates areinvertebrate animals that live inmarine habitats, and make up most of the macroscopic life in the oceans. It is apolyphyletic blanket term that contains allmarine animals except themarine vertebrates, including the non-vertebrate members of thephylum Chordata such aslancelets,sea squirts andsalps. As the name suggests, marine invertebrates lack anymineralized axial endoskeleton, i.e. thevertebral column, and some have evolved a rigidshell,test orexoskeleton for protection and/orlocomotion, while others rely oninternal fluid pressure to support their bodies. Marine invertebrates have a large variety ofbody plans, and have been categorized into over 30 phyla. (Full article...)

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Interesting facts -show different entries

CaptainJames Young's capture of a Spanishfrigate in 1799(illustrated) brought each of his seamen the equivalent of ten years' pay inprize money.

Observations and samplings fromJasper Seamount show that it is very similar toHawaiian volcanoes.

The snail speciesOxygyrus keraudrenii shows anevolutionary reduction of thegastropod shell for living in open sea.

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Selected list articles and Marine habitat topics

Marine habitats
Coastal habitats
Littoral zone Intertidal zone Estuaries Mangrove forests Seagrass meadows Kelp forests Coral reefs Continental shelf Neritic zone
Ocean surface
Surface microlayer Epipelagic zone
Open ocean
Pelagic zone Oceanic zone
Sea floor
Seamounts Hydrothermal vents Cold seeps Brine pools Demersal zone Benthic zone Marine sediment
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Tasks

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Here are some tasks awaiting attention:

Article requests :List of oceanographers, create a comprehensive article onConcentrations of marine debris out of all thegyre and "garbage patch" articles
Copyedit :Draft:Terrance (octopus)
Expand :Coral Sea,Endeavour Strait,Greenland Sea,Solomon Sea
Photo : find images forCategory:Wikipedia requested photographs in the oceans
Stubs :Oceanography stub articles,Marine geography stub articles,Aleutian Trench,Bellingshausen Sea,Caernarfon Bay,Gerlache Strait,Gulf of Oman,Iceland Sea,Draft:Terrance (octopus)
Update :Botany Bay,Wilkins Sound,Mariana Trench,Challenger Deep
Verify :Antarctic Circumpolar Current,Bering Sea,Gulf of Aden,Iceberg B-15,Ionian Sea,Japan Trench,Moreton Bay,Sound (geography),Timor Sea
Other : add ISBNs and remove excessive or inappropriate external links fromAral Sea; checkLa Belle (ship) for GA status; improve citations or footnotes and remove excessive or inappropriate external links fromMS Estonia

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General images -show new batch

The following are images from various ocean-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1
Upwelling in the Southern Ocean
(fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 2Based on the medievalÍslendingasögur sagas, including theGrœnlendinga saga, this interpretative map of the "Norse World" shows that Norse knowledge of the Americas and the Atlantic remained limited. (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 3Manganese nodule (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 4Emanuel Bowen's 1780s map of the Arctic features a "Northern Ocean". (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 5Astratovolcano inUlawun on the island ofNew Britain inPapua New Guinea (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 6Distribution of the majorwater mass in the Arctic Ocean. The section sketches the different water masses along a vertical section fromBering Strait over the geographicNorth Pole toFram Strait. As thestratification is stable, deeper water masses are denser than the layers above. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 7Bahama Banks (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 8The AtlanticGyres influenced thePortuguese discoveries and trading port routes, here shown in the India Run ("Carreira da Índia"), which would be developed in subsequent years. (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 9Regional Working Group zones for SOOS (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 10Threepolar bears approachUSSHonolulu near theNorth Pole. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 11According to theCoastal hypothesis, modern humans spread from Africa along the northern rim of the Indian Ocean. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 12Malé's population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to more than 220,000 people in 2020. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 13Map showing themigration of theAustronesian peoples (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 14A femalewarty squid (Moroteuthis ingens) (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 15TheKennedy Channel. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 16TheAndaman Negritos are thought to be the first inhabitants of theAndaman Islands, having emigrated from the mainland tens of thousands of years ago. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 17Sea cover in the Arctic Ocean, showing the median, 2005 and 2007 coverage (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 18Mombasa Port on Kenya's Indian Ocean coast (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 19The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strongest current system in the world oceans, linking the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 20Air pollution in South Asia spread over the Bay of Bengal and beyond. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 21Admiral von Bellingshausen (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 22Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting aWeddell seal in the Southern Ocean (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 23Greco-Roman trade with ancient India according to thePeriplus of the Erythraean Sea 1st century CE (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 24A map of Australia's official interpretation of the names and limits of oceans and seas around Australia (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 25The Antarctic Ocean, as delineated by the draft 4th edition of theInternational Hydrographic Organization'sLimits of Oceans and Seas (2002) (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 26Agulhas Bank (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 27Excavation of theErtebølle middens in 1880 (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 28"Terres Australes" [sic] label without any charted landmass (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 29Embarked and disembarked slaves in theAtlantic slave trade 1525–1863 (first and last slave voyages) (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 30The three major cultural areas of thePacific Ocean islands:Micronesia,Melanesia andPolynesia (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 31Made in 1529, theDiogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 32Marine debris on aHawaiian coast in 2008 (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 33Location of the Southern Ocean gyres (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 34The Arctic Ocean, with borders as delineated by theInternational Hydrographic Organization (IHO), includingHudson Bay (some of which is south of57°N latitude, off the map) and all other marginal seas. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 35Area inside the black line indicates the area constituting the Pacific Ocean prior to 2002; darker blue areas are its informal current borders following the recreation of the Southern Ocean and the reinclusion of marginal seas. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 36Model of aFijian drua, an example of anAustronesian vessel with a double-canoe (catamaran) hull and acrab claw sail (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 371928 delineation (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 38Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris. (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 391937 delineation (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 40Acopepod (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 41The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 42The bathyscapheTrieste before her record dive to the bottom of theMariana Trench, 23 January 1960 (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 43TheAethiopian Ocean depicted in a 1710 French map ofAfrica (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 44Walruses on Arctic ice floe (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 45Abathymetric/topographic map of the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding lands. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 46Minke whale (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 47Iceberg A22A in the South Atlantic Ocean (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 48Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are akeystone species of the food web. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 49As the Gulf Stream meanders across the North Atlantic from the North American east coast to Western Europe its temperature drops by 20 °C (36 °F).
Image 50Severe cracks in anice pier in use for four seasons atMcMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved a safety hazard. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 51Coral reefs of the Maldives (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 52Marine debris strewn over the beaches of the South AtlanticInaccessible Island (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 53Awandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) onSouth Georgia (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 54AChagossian onDiego Garcia in 1971, before the Britishexpelled the islanders. He spoke aFrench-based creole language and his ancestors were likely brought as slaves in the 19th century. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 55Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are the most southerly of Antarctic mammals. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 56Thule archaeological site (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 57In 2020,Japanese Prime Minister Suga declined to drink the bottle ofFukushima's treated radioactive water that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific. (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 58The Arctic region showing theNortheast Passage, theNorthern Sea Route within it, and theNorthwest Passage via Canadian Inland Waters. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 59TheInternational Hydrographic Organization's delineation of the "Southern Ocean" has moved steadily southward since the original 1928 edition of itsLimits of Oceans and Seas. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 60The Britishinvasion of Isle de France on 29 November 1810 during theNapoleonic Wars (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 61A general delineation of theAntarctic Convergence, sometimes used by scientists as the demarcation of the Southern Ocean (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 62During summer, warm continental masses draw moist air from the Indian Ocean hence producing heavy rainfall. The process is reversed during winter, resulting in dry conditions. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 63Frank Hurley:As time wore on it became more and more evident that the ship was doomed (Endurance trapped in pack ice),National Library of Australia. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 64ARing of Fire; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes andoceanic trenches. This map does not show theCascadia subduction zone along part of the west coast of North America, whose trench is completely buried in sediments. (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 65Banks of the northwest Atlantic (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 66Fish of theNotothenioidei suborder, such as this young icefish, are mostly restricted to the Antarctic and Subantarctic. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 67Path of thethermohaline circulation. Purple paths represent deep-water currents, while blue paths represent surface currents.
Image 68Tarawa Atoll inKiribati (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 69Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars taking overTahiti on 9 September 1842 (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 70Universalis Cosmographia, also known as theWaldseemüller map, dated 1507, was the first map to show theAmericas separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered theNew World and shows the name "America" for the first time, afterAmerigo Vespucci (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 71An adult and sub-adultMinke whale are dragged aboard the Japanese whaling vesselNisshin Maru. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 72Banks of the northeast Atlantic (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 73Sunset inMonterey County, California, U.S. (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 74An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) map of the Pacific (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 75Impact ofEl Niño andLa Niña on North America (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 76Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754. (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 77"Southern Ocean" as alternative to theAethiopian Ocean, 18th century (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 78For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese dominated theIndian Ocean trade. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 79On the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean temporary logistic stations may be installed, Here, aTwin Otter is refueled on the pack ice at 86°N, 76°43‘W. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 80Famous official portrait of CaptainJames Cook who proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe."He holds his own chart of the Southern Ocean on the table and his right hand points to the east coast of Australia on it." (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 81False color map of ocean depth in the Atlantic basin (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 821911 South Polar Regions exploration map (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 83An iceberg being pushed out of a shipping lane by (L to R)USS Burton Island,USS Atka, andUSS Glacier nearMcMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1965 (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 84The economically importantSilk Road was blocked from Europe by theOttoman Empire inc. 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This spurred exploration, and a new sea route around Africa was found, triggering theAge of Discovery. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 85TheArctic region; of note, the region's southerly border on this map is depicted by a redisotherm, with all territory to the north having an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F) in July. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 86TheAustronesian maritime trade network was the first trade routes in the Indian Ocean. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 87MSExplorer in Antarctica in January 1999. She sank on 23 November 2007 after hitting aniceberg. (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 88Madagascar'selephant bird, Mauritius'sdodo bird and ostrich (from left to right) (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 89USS Vincennes at Disappointment Bay, Antarctica in early 1840 (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 90Continents and islands of the Southern Ocean (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 91Majorocean trade routes in the world include the northern Indian Ocean. (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 92Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707 (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 93Typhoon Tip at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979 (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 94In the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic warm subtropical waters are transformed into colder subpolar and polar waters. In the Labrador Sea this water flows back to the subtropical gyre. (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 95Density structure of the upper 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the Arctic Ocean. Profiles of temperature and salinity for the Amundsen Basin, the Canadian Basin and the Greenland Sea are sketched. (fromArctic Ocean)
Image 96Aldabra giant tortoise from the islands of theAldabra Atoll in theSeychelles (fromIndian Ocean)
Image 97Seas that are parts of the Southern Ocean (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 98James Weddell's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brigJane and thecutterBeaufroy (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 99Capture of Atlantic northwest cod in million tons (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 100Waves in thetrade winds in the Atlantic Ocean – areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind – create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.
Image 101Cod fishery in Norway (fromAtlantic Ocean)
Image 102Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from theInternational Space Station. Tops ofthunderclouds are also visible. (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 103Mount St. Helens inSkamania County, Washington, U.S. in 2020 (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 104Maris Pacifici byOrtelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean (fromPacific Ocean)
Image 105Portrait ofEdmund Halley byGodfrey Kneller (before 1721) (fromSouthern Ocean)
Image 106The 1564Typus Orbis Terrarum, a map byAbraham Ortelius, showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica andSouth America. (fromSouthern Ocean)

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23 November 2025 –: The long-dormantHayli Gubbi volcano erupts in theAfar Region ofEthiopia for the first time in nearly 12,000 years, sending ash plumes across theRed Sea towardsOman andYemen, and causing flight disruptions across theArabian Peninsula andSouth Asia.(AP)
19 November 2025 –Russia–United Kingdom relations: Russian Navy spy ship Yantar uses lasers to disruptRoyal Air Force aircraft monitoring the vessel in theNorth Sea for the first time. The ship was being followed by aRoyal Navy frigate withPoseidon P-8 planes deployed to track its movements.(BBC News)
13 November 2025 –: Four people are killed after twomigrant vessels carrying nearly 100 passengers capsize off the coast ofAl-Khums,Murqub District,Libya.(Reuters)
20 October 2025 –Emirates SkyCargo Flight 9788: Two airportground crew are killed when anEmirates cargo plane crash-lands and strikes a service vehicle atHong Kong International Airport, before falling intothe sea.(RTHK)
16 October 2025 –Red Sea crisis: Israeli attacks on Yemen

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Topics

v t e Earth'soceans andseas
Antarctic/Southern Ocean	Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser-Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea
Arctic Ocean	Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Pechora Sea Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea
Atlantic Ocean	Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea American Mediterranean Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Lion Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Sidra Gulf of St. Lawrence Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Sea of Marmara Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea
Indian Ocean	Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea
Pacific Ocean	Arafura Sea Bali Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Java Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seram Sea Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea West Philippine Sea Yellow Sea
Endorheic basins	Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea
Others	Ancient oceans Ocean Sea Superocean
Oceans portal Category

v t e Physical oceanography
Waves	Airy wave theory Ballantine scale Benjamin–Feir instability Boussinesq approximation Breaking wave Clapotis Cnoidal wave Cross sea Dispersion Edge wave Equatorial waves Gravity wave Green's law Infragravity wave Internal wave Iribarren number Kelvin wave Kinematic wave Longshore drift Luke's variational principle Miche criterion Mild-slope equation Radiation stress Rogue wave Draupner wave Rossby wave Rossby-gravity waves Sea state Seiche Significant wave height Soliton Stokes drift Stokes problem Stokes wave Swell Trochoidal wave Tsunami megatsunami Undertow Ursell number Wave action Wave base Wave height Wave nonlinearity Wave power Wave radar Wave setup Wave shoaling Wave turbulence Wave–current interaction Waves and shallow water one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations shallow water equations Wind fetch Wind setup Wind wave model
Circulation	Atmospheric circulation Baroclinity Boundary current Coriolis force Coriolis–Stokes force Craik–Leibovich vortex force Downwelling Eddy Ekman layer Ekman spiral Ekman transport El Niño–Southern Oscillation General circulation model Geochemical Ocean Sections Study Geostrophic current Global Ocean Data Analysis Project Gulf Stream Humboldt Current Hydrothermal circulation Langmuir circulation Longshore drift Loop Current Modular Ocean Model Ocean current Ocean dynamical thermostat Ocean dynamics Ocean gyre Overflow Princeton Ocean Model Rip current Subsurface ocean current Sverdrup balance Thermohaline circulation shutdown Upwelling Whirlpool Wind generated current World Ocean Circulation Experiment
Tides	Amphidromic point Earth tide Head of tide Internal tide Lunitidal interval Perigean spring tide Rip tide Rule of twelfths Slack tide Theory of tides Tidal bore Tidal force Tidal power Tidal race Tidal range Tidal resonance Tide gauge Tideline
Landforms	Abyssal fan Abyssal plain Atoll Bathymetric chart Carbonate platform Coastal geography Cold seep Continental margin Continental rise Continental shelf Contourite Guyot Hydrography Knoll Ocean bank Oceanic basin Oceanic plateau Oceanic trench Passive margin Seabed Seamount Submarine canyon Submarine volcano
Plate tectonics	Convergent boundary Divergent boundary Fracture zone Hydrothermal vent Marine geology Mid-ocean ridge Mohorovičić discontinuity Oceanic crust Outer trench swell Ridge push Seafloor spreading Slab pull Slab suction Slab window Subduction Transform fault Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis Volcanic arc
Ocean zones	Benthic Deep ocean water Deep sea Littoral Mesopelagic Oceanic Pelagic Photic Surf Swash
Sea level	Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis Global Sea Level Observing System North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System Sea-level curve Sea level drop Sea level rise World Geodetic System
Acoustics	Deep scattering layer Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
Satellites	Jason-1 OSTM/Jason-2 Jason-3
Related	Acidification Argo Benthic lander Color of water DSVAlvin Marginal sea Marine energy Marine pollution Mooring National Oceanographic Data Center Ocean Explorations Observations Reanalysis Ocean surface topography Ocean temperature Ocean thermal energy conversion Oceanography Outline of oceanography Pelagic sediment Sea surface microlayer Sea surface temperature Seawater Science On a Sphere Stratification Thermocline Underwater glider Water column World Ocean Atlas
Category Commons Oceans portal

Ocean currents andgyres

Currents

Arctic Ocean	East Greenland North Icelandic Norwegian Transpolar Drift Stream
Atlantic Ocean	Angola Antilles Azores Baffin Island Benguela Brazil Canary Cape Horn Caribbean East Greenland East Iceland Falkland Florida Guinea Gulf Stream Irminger Labrador Lomonosov Loop North Atlantic North Brazil North Equatorial Norwegian Portugal South Atlantic South Equatorial West Greenland West Spitsbergen
Indian Ocean	Agulhas Agulhas Return East Madagascar Equatorial Counter Indian Monsoon Indonesian Throughflow Leeuwin Madagascar Mozambique North Madagascar Somali South Equatorial West Australian
Pacific Ocean	Alaska Aleutian California Cromwell Davidson East Australian East Korea Warm Equatorial Counter Humboldt Indonesian Throughflow Kamchatka Kuroshio Mindanao North Equatorial North Korea Cold North Pacific Oyashio South Equatorial Tasman Front
Southern Ocean	Antarctic Circumpolar Tasman Outflow

Gyres

Major gyres	Indian Ocean Gyre North Atlantic Gyre South Atlantic Gyre North Pacific Gyre South Pacific Gyre
Other gyres	Beaufort Gyre Ross Gyre Weddell Gyre

Environment portal Oceans portal

v t e Mid-ocean ridges
Present	Central Indian Chile East Pacific Explorer Gakkel Gorda Juan de Fuca Mid-Atlantic Pacific-Antarctic South American-Antarctic Southeast Indian Southwest Indian
Former	Aegir Alpha Antarctic-Phoenix Kula-Farallon Mid-Labrador Osbourn Trough Pacific-Farallon Pacific-Kula
Geology portal Oceans portal

Marine aquatic ecosystem components

Marine	Marine biology Marine chemistry Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration Ecosystems large marine marine) f-ratio Food web Iron fertilization Marine snow Ocean nourishment Oceanic physical-biological process Primary production Ocean turbidity Photophore Thorson's rule Upwelling Viral shunt Whale fall More...
Marine life	Bacteriophages Census Fish coastal coral reef deep sea demersal pelagic Deep sea communities Deep sea creature Deep-water coral Invertebrates Larvae Mammals Marine life Microorganisms Paradox of the plankton Prokaryotes Protists Reptiles Seabirds Seashore wildlife Vertebrates Viruses Wild fisheries
Marine habitats	Bay mud Coastal biogeomorphology Cold seeps Coral reefs Davidson Seamount Estuaries Intertidal ecology Intertidal wetlands Kelp forests Hydrothermal vents Lagoons Mangroves Marine biomes Marine habitats Mudflats Rocky shores Salt marshes Salt pannes and pools Seagrass meadows Sponge grounds Sponge reefs Tide pools
Issues	Coral bleaching Ecological values of mangroves Fisheries and climate change HERMIONE Human impact on marine life Marine conservation Marine conservation activism Marine pollution Marine Protected Area
Ecology portal Marine life portal Oceans portal

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More articles related to Oceans

v t e African seas
Oceans and seas	Alboran Sea Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Levantine Sea Mediterranean Sea Red Sea Southern Ocean
Gulfs and bays	Abu Qir Bay Acheïl Dakhlet Al Hoceima Bay Algiers Bay Algoa Bay Ambas Bay Ana Chaves Bay Angra de Cintra Antongil Bay Antsiranana Bay Arab's Gulf Baía Almeida Baía da Condúcia Baía da Corimba Baía de Mocambo Baía de Mossuril Baía de Namibe Baia de Porto Amboim Baía de Santa Marta Baía de Sucujaque Baía de Tombua Baía do Ambriz Baía do Bengo Baía do Dande Baía do Govuro Baía do Lúrio Baía do Nzeto Baía do Suto Baie de Gorée Baie de Sangareya Bandombaai Bay of Anfile Bay of Arguin Bay of Arzew Bay of Aseb Bay of Beylul Bay of Edd Bay of Hawakil Bay of Langarano Bay of Saint-Augustin Bay of Tangier Benguela Bay Bera'esoli Betty's Bay Bight of Benin Bight of Biafra Bocock's Bay Bombetoka Bay Bootbaai Bosluisbaai Cabinda Bay Cape Cross Bay Cape Negro Bay Chake-Chake Bay Chameis Bay Chwaka Bay Conception Bay Cuio Bay Dakhlet Nouadhibou Dalwakteah Bay Deurloopbaai Doringbaai Dungonab Bay Durissa Bay Elands Bay Enseada das Pombas Enseada de São Braz Enseada do Catumbo Enseada do Chalungo Enseada do Quicombo Enseada do Quitungo Enseada dos Três Irmãos Equimina Bay False Bay Farta Bay Fernao Veloso Bay Foul Bay Frederik se Baai Ghoubbet-el-Kharab Grosse Bucht Gulf of Aden Gulf of 'Agig Gulf of Gabès Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Hammamet Gulf of Sidra Gulf of Suez Gulf of Tadjoura Gulf of Tunis Gulf of Zula Hafun Bay South Hann Bay Harrison Cove Henties Bay Hirghīgo Bahir Selat’ē Horingbaai Hottentotsbaai Hurdiyo Hydra Bay Inhambane Bay Jammer Bucht John Owen Bay Kalawy Bay Kiwaiyu Bay Lambert Bay Lamu Bay Langbaai Loango Bay Lobito Bay Luanda Bay Lüderitz Bay McDougall Bay Manza Bay Maputo Bay Markusbaai Memba Bay Menai Bay Meob Bay Mietjie Frans se Baai Moraha Bahir Selat’ē Mossel Bay Möwebaai Noopbaai Oran Gulf Pemba Bay Pipas Bay Plaatjieskraalbaai Platbaai Plettenbergbaai Pointe-Noire Bay Porto Alexandre, Angola Prinzen Bucht Río de Oro Bay Rock Bay Roode Bay Rooiwalbaai Saint Francis Bay Saint Francis Bay (Eastern Cape) St Helena Bay Saint Sebastian Bay Saldanha Bay Sandwich Harbour Sierra Bay Skoonbergbaai Skurfbaai Slangbaai Sodwana Bay Sofala Bay Somnaasbaai Spencer Bay Spoegrivierbaai Struisbaai Swartstraat Table Bay Thysbaai Tietiesbaai Ungama Bay Walker Bay Walvis Bay (bay) Yawri Bay Yof Bay
Straits	Bab-el-Mandeb Bab Iskender Canal de Bolama Canal de Bolola Canal de Caió Canal de São Vicente Canal do Meio Guardafui Channel Mafia Channel Massawa Channel Mozambique Channel‎ Pemba Channel Shubuk Channel Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Sicily Straits of Tiran Tigres Strait Zanzibar Channel
Historical seas	Aethiopian Sea Erythraean Sea Sea of Zanj
Africa portalOceans portal

v t e Coastal geography
Landforms	Anchialine pool Archipelago Atoll Avulsion Ayre Barrier island Bay Bight Bodden Brackish marsh Cape Channel Cliff Coast Coastal plain Coastal waterfall Continental margin Continental shelf Coral reef Cove Dune cliff-top Estuary Firth Fjard Fjord Freshwater marsh Fundus Gat Geo Gulf Gut Hapua Headland Inlet Intertidal wetland Island Islet Isthmus Liman Lagoon Machair Mudflat Natural arch Peninsula Reef Ria Salt marsh Shoal Skerry Sound Spit Stack Strait Strand plain Submarine canyon Tidal island Tidal marsh Tide pool Tied island Tombolo Waituna Windwatt
Beaches	Beach cusps Beach evolution Beach ridge Beach wrack Beaches in estuaries and bays Beachrock Coastal morphodynamics Pocket beach Raised beach Recession Shell beach Shingle beach Storm beach Wash margin
River mouths	Debouch Mouth bar River delta mega regressive
Processes	Blowhole Cliffed coast Coastal biogeomorphology Coastal erosion Concordant coastline Current Cuspate foreland Discordant coastline Emergent coastline Feeder bluff Flat coast Graded shoreline Ingression coast Large-scale coastal behaviour Longshore drift Marine regression Marine transgression Raised shoreline Rip current Rocky shore Sea cave Sea foam Shoal peresyp Steep coast Submergent coastline Surf break Surf zone Surge channel Swash Undertow Volcanic arc Wave-cut platform Wave shoaling Wind fetch Wind wave
Management	Accretion Coastal management Integrated coastal zone management Submersion
Related	Bulkhead line Coastal engineering Grain size boulder clay cobble granule gravel pebble sand shingle silt Intertidal zone Littoral zone Physical oceanography Region of freshwater influence River plume
Category

v t e Indonesian seas
East Indian Archipelago
Ocean	Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean
Sea	Andaman Sea Arafura Sea Bali Sea Banda Sea Celebes Sea Flores Sea Halmahera Sea Java Sea Molucca Sea Natuna Sea Philippine Sea Savu Sea Seram Sea South China Sea Timor Sea
Strait	Alas Strait Alor Strait Badung Strait Bali Strait Bangka Strait Berhala Strait Dampier Strait Gaspar Strait Karimata Strait Laut Strait Lombok Strait Madura Strait Makassar Strait Malacca Strait Mentawai Strait Ombai Strait Pitt Strait Riau Strait Rupat Strait Sape Strait Selayar Strait Singapore Strait Sumba Strait Sunda Strait Wetar Strait
Gulf	Ambon Bay Balikpapan Bay Berau Gulf Bintuni Bay Boni Gulf Cenderawasih Bay Jakarta Bay Lampung Bay Palabuhanratu Bay Saleh Bay Semangka Bay Tolo Gulf Tomini Gulf Yos Sudarso Bay
Indonesia portalOceans portal

Law of the sea

Sources of law
of the sea

Global	Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 Geneva Conventions Second Geneva Convention Third Geneva Convention Fourth Geneva Convention Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees UNCLOS I Conventions Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone Convention on the Continental Shelf Convention on the High Seas Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea OPRC Convention MARPOL 73/78 Seabed Arms Control Treaty SOLAS Convention STCW Convention London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter Ballast Water Management Convention International Plant Protection Convention International Health Regulations Aquatic Animal Health Code Terrestrial Animal Health Code Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Hague–Visby Rules Rotterdam Rules
Specific international straits	Copenhagen Convention of 1857 Treaty of Versailles, Part XII, Section VI (1919) Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits (1936) Egypt–Israel peace treaty (1979) Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
Maritime canals of global significance	Convention of Constantinople Torrijos–Carter Treaties
Other regional and local	Treaties establishingUN FAO regional fisheries bodies and arrangements UNEP regional seas conventions and action plans List of maritime boundary treaties

Main and related
concepts

International courts

History

Geneva Naval Conference

v t e List of Australian seas
Ocean	Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean
Sea	Arafura Sea Coral Sea Tasman Sea Timor Sea
Strait	Backstairs Passage Bass Strait Clarence Strait Dundas Strait Endeavour Strait Investigator Strait Torres Strait
Gulf	Admiralty Gulf Beagle Gulf Cambridge Gulf Gulf of Carpentaria Great Australian Bight Exmouth Gulf Joseph Bonaparte Gulf Gulf St Vincent Spencer Gulf Van Diemen Gulf
Australia portalOceans portal

v t e Marginal seas of theAtlantic Ocean
Basins	Foxe Basin
Bays	Baffin Bay Bay of Biscay Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Bothnian Bay Hudson Bay James Bay Pottles Bay
Channels	English Channel
Gulfs	Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Lion Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Sidra Gulf of St. Lawrence Gulf of Venezuela
Seas	Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea American Mediterranean Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea Greenland Sea Icarian Sea Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea Kattegat Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Sea of Marmara Skagerrak Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea
Oceans portal

Marine pollution

v t e Marine protected areas
Marine protected areas by nation	List of marine protected areas Australia Canada MPAs NMCAs Italy South Africa United Kingdom Scotland United States Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington
International marine conservation organisations	International Union for Conservation of Nature World Wide Fund for Nature
Related	Biodiversity Marine biodiversity Marine ecoregion Marine protected area Protected area
Categories:Marine protected areas Commons

v t e Marine energy
Wave power	List of wave power stations List of wave power projects Australia New Zealand United States Scotland
Tidal power	List of tidal power stations Tidal barrage Tidal stream generator Development of tidal stream generators
Other	List of offshore wind farms Marine current power Ocean thermal energy conversion Offshore construction Osmotic power
Energy portal Renewable energy portal Oceans portal Category

v t e Seafood
Fish	Anchovy Barramundi Billfish Carp Catfish Cod Eel Flatfish Flounder Herring Mackerel Salmon Sardine Shark Sturgeon Swordfish Tilapia Trout Tuna Whitebait
Shellfish	Abalone Cockles Conch Crab Crayfish Geoduck Krill Lobster Mussels Oysters Prawn/Shrimp Scallops Sea urchins Crustaceans Molluscs
Other seafood	Jellyfish Marine mammals Whale Octopus Sea cucumber Seaweed Squid Algae List of seafoods more...
Processed seafood	Caviar Dried fish Canned fish Cod liver oil Cured fish Fermented fish Fish fillet Fish head Fish oil Fish sauce Fish paste Fish steak Fish stock Lutefisk Salted fish Salted squid Shark liver oil Shrimp paste Smoked fish Stockfish Surimi Roe more...
Seafood dishes	List of seafood dishes List of crab dishes List of fish dishes List of raw fish dishes List of tuna dishes Bisque Chowder Fish and chips Fish pie Fish soup Fried fish Hoe Seafood boil Shark fin soup Sushi Sushi bake more...
Health hazards	Ciguatera Fish diseases and parasites Mercury in fish Metagonimiasis Scombroid food poisoning Shellfish poisoning
Advisory services	Seafood mislabelling Sustainable seafood Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification
Animal welfare	Declawing of crabs Eyestalk ablation Eating live seafood Goldfish swallowing Live fish trade Pain in fish Pain in crustaceans Shark finning
Related topics	Fish preservation Fish processing Gathering seafood by hand History of seafood History of sushi List of seafood companies Pescetarianism Raw bar Salmon cannery Seafood restaurant
Food portal Category: Seafood

v t e Seas of thePhilippines
Ocean	Pacific Ocean
Sea	Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Philippine Sea Samar Sea Sibuyan Sea South China Sea West Philippine Sea Sulu Sea Visayan Sea
Straits	Babuyan Channel Balabac Strait Balintang Channel Basilan Strait Burias Pass Canigao Channel Cebu Strait Guimaras Strait Iloilo Strait Jintotolo Channel Linapacan Strait Luzon Strait Maqueda Channel Mindoro Strait Polillo Strait San Bernardino Strait San Juanico Strait Surigao Strait Tablas Strait Tañon Strait Tapiantana Channel Ticao Pass Verde Island Passage
Gulf	Albay Gulf Asid Gulf Davao Gulf Lagonoy Gulf Leyte Gulf Lingayen Gulf Moro Gulf Panay Gulf Ragay Gulf
Category Oceans portal Philippines portal

v t e Timeline of largest passenger ships
Briefly held the title before the preceding ship reclaimed it† Shared record‡
SS Royal William (1831) SS Great Western (1837) SS British Queen (1839) SS President (1840)† SS Great Britain (1843) RMS Atrato (1853) SS Adriatic (1857) SS Great Eastern (1858) SS City of New York (1888) RMS Campania (1893)‡ SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse (1897) RMS Oceanic (1899) RMS Celtic (1901) RMS Cedric (1903) RMS Baltic (1904) RMS Empress of Scotland (1906) RMS Lusitania (1907) RMS Mauretania (1907) RMS Olympic (1911) RMS Titanic (1912)† SS Imperator (1913) SS Vaterland (1913) RMS Majestic (1922) SS Normandie (1935) RMS Queen Mary (1936)† RMS Queen Elizabeth (1942) SS France (1972) MS Sovereign of the Seas (1987)† Sun Princess (1995) MSCarnival Destiny (1996) MSGrand Princess (1998) MS Voyager of the Seas (1999) MS Explorer of the Seas (2000) MS Navigator of the Seas (2002) RMS Queen Mary 2 (2003) MS Freedom of the Seas (2006) Liberty of the Seas (2007) Oasis of the Seas (2009)‡ Harmony of the Seas (2016) Symphony of the Seas (2018) Wonder of the Seas (2022) Icon of the Seas (2023)‡
Oceans portal

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Admiralty law

Admiralty and maritime law

History
Code of Hammurabi Corpus Juris Civilis Digesta Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris Amalfian Laws Hanseatic League
Features
Fishing Illegal Fisheries law Maritime transport Shipping/ferry Cargo Freight Shipbuilding Merchant marine Cargo ship Passenger ship Mortgage Registration Marine insurance Act of God Cargo Collision General average Seaworthiness Total loss Maritime security Letter of marque Drugs Piracy Pollution Smuggling Wartime prizes
Contract of carriage /charterparty
Affreightment Agency Barratry Bill of lading Brokerage Chartering Consignment Demurrage Force majeure Invoice Commercial Pro forma Laytime Lien Maritime Manifest Packing list Proof of delivery Salvage Law Terms International Waybill
Parties
Agent Factor Freight forwarder Captain (Master) The captain goes down with the ship Carrier Charterer Freight company Manager Consignee Consignor Principal Owner Seaman Mutiny Stevedore
Judiciaries
Admiralty court Vice admiralty court
International organizations
International Maritime Organization Comité Maritime International London Maritime Arbitrators Association International Association of Classification Societies (Lloyd's Register)
International conventions
Hague–Visby Rules Hamburg Rules Rotterdam Rules Maritime Labour Convention International Convention on Salvage United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) International piracy law SOLAS Convention MARPOL Convention Ballast Water Management Convention Anti-fouling Convention International Convention on Load Lines International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea SAR Convention Athens Convention Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic
International Codes
IMDG Code ISM Code ISPS Code Polar Code IGC Code IBC Code TDC Code IS Code International Grain Code IMSBC Code INF Code
v t e