The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since thePaleolithic era, more than 300,000 years ago. TheIdrisid dynasty was established byIdris I in 788, and Morocco was subsequently ruled by a series of other independent dynasties, reaching its zenith as aregional power in the 11th and 12th centuries, under theAlmoravid andAlmohad dynasties, when it controlled most of theIberian Peninsula and the Maghreb. Centuries ofArab migration to the Maghreb since the 7th century shifted the demographic scope of the region. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Morocco faced external threats to its sovereignty, withPortugal seizing some territory and theOttoman Empire encroaching from the east. TheMarinid andSaadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. TheAlawi dynasty, which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expandeddiplomatic and commercial relations with theWestern world. Morocco's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean drew renewed European interest. In 1912, France and Spain divided the country intorespective protectorates, reserving aninternational zone in Tangier. Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified.
The outbreak of theFirst World War proved significant, with the withdrawal of troops for service in France compounded by the loss of more than 600 French killed at theBattle of El Herri. Lyautey reorganised his available forces into a "living barricade", consisting of outposts manned by his best troops protecting the perimeter of French territory with lower quality troops manning the rear-guard positions. Over the next four years the French retained most of their territory despite intelligence and financial support provided by theCentral Powers to the Zaian Confederation and continual raids and skirmishes reducing scarce French manpower.
After the signing of theArmistice with Germany in November 1918, significant forces of tribesmen remained opposed to French rule. The French resumed their offensive in the Khénifra area in 1920, establishing a series ofblockhouses to limit the Zaians' freedom of movement. They opened negotiations with Hammou's sons, persuading three of them, along with many of their followers, to submit to French rule. A split in the Zaian Confederation between those who supported submission and those still opposed led to infighting and the death of Hammou in Spring 1921. The French responded with a strong, three-pronged attack into the Middle Atlas that pacified the area. Some tribesmen, led byMoha ou Said, fled to the High Atlas and continued a guerrilla war against the French well into the 1930s. (Full article...)
Image 7French artillery in Rabat in 1911. The dispatch of French forces to protect the sultan from a rebellion instigated theAgadir Crisis. (fromHistory of Morocco)
Image 15Portrait of his excellency Mohamed Ben Ali abgali with Al sulham, ambassador of the King of Morocco to the court of Saint James. August 1725. (fromCulture of Morocco)
Image 17The Berber entrepotSijilmassa along the trade routes of the Western Sahara, c. 1000–1500. Goldfields are indicated by light brown shading. (fromHistory of Morocco)
Image 20Idrisid state, around 820CE, showing its maximal extent. (fromHistory of Morocco)
Image 21SultanAbd-al-Aziz with his bicycle in 1901. The young sultan was noted for his capricious spending habits, which exacerbated a major trade deficit. (fromHistory of Morocco)
Image 22Couscous is traditionally enjoyed on Friday, the holy day in Islam. Garnished with vegetables and chickpeas, it is served communally. (fromCulture of Morocco)
Image 23A window displaying a wrought iron window grill inAsila. The knots are tied with bent metal in the traditional way, rather thansoldered. (fromCulture of Morocco)
Image 38Idrisid dirham, minted at al-'Aliyah (Fes),Morocco, 840 CE. The coin features the name ofAli: a son-in-law ofMuhammad, the fourthCaliph, and an ancestor of the Idrisids.
Buemi won thepole position by recording the fastest lap in qualifying and maintained his startline advantage heading into the first corner. He held the lead with Bird and Rosenqvist close behind him for much of the first half of the race until afull course yellow flag was necessitated whenAndré Lotterer stopped on track with a hardware failure on his car. Buemi retained the lead after the field madepit stops to switch into a second car but Rosenqvist pressured and passed him with four laps to go. Rosenqvist led the final four laps to clinch his second consecutive victory of the season and the third of his career. (Full article...)
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^In the 2014 census, theHigh Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Casablanca as 3,359,818,[1] which corresponds to the population of Casablanca Prefecture.[2]
^In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Fez as 1,112,072,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of those parts of Fez Prefecture not within thecercle of Fez Banlieue ("suburbs").[2]
^In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Meknes as 632,079,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of the municipalities of Meknes,Al Machouar – Stinia,Toulal andOuislane.[2]
^In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Rabat as 577,827,[1] which corresponds to the population of Rabat Prefecture.[2]
^The population figure refers only to the urban centre (HCPgeographic code [fr] 09.001.05.09.3) of the rural commune of Drargua.
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