¡Bienvenido! Welcome to the Mexico portal

Mexico
Flag Coat of arms
Location	Southern portion ofNorth America

Mexico, officially theUnited Mexican States, is a country inNorth America. It is the northernmost country inLatin America, and borders theUnited States to the north, andGuatemala andBelize to the southeast; while havingmaritime boundaries with thePacific Ocean to the west, theCaribbean Sea to the southeast, and theGulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km² (761,610 sq mi), and is thethirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is thetenth-most populous country in the world and is home to thelargest number of native Spanish speakers.Mexico City is the capital andlargest city, which ranks among themost populous metropolitan areas in the world.

Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC.Mesoamerica, considered acradle of civilization, was home to numerous advanced societies, including theOlmecs,Maya,Zapotecs,Teotihuacan civilization, andPurépecha.Spanish colonization began in 1521 with an alliance thatdefeated theAztec Empire, establishing the colony ofNew Spain with its capital atTenochtitlan, now Mexico City. New Spain became a major center of the transoceanic economy during theAge of Discovery, fueled bysilver mining and its position as ahub between Europe and Asia. This gave rise to one of the largest multiracial populations in the world. ThePeninsular War led to the 1810–1821Mexican War of Independence, which ended Peninsular rule and led to the creation of theFirst Mexican Empire, which quickly collapsed into the short-livedFirst Mexican Republic. In 1848, Mexicolost nearly half its territory to theAmerican invasion.Liberal reforms set in theConstitution of 1857 led tocivil war andFrench intervention, culminating in the establishment of theSecond Mexican Empire underEmperor Maximilian I of Austria, who was overthrown by Republican forces led byBenito Juárez. The late 19th century sawthe long dictatorship ofPorfirio Díaz, whose modernization policies came at the cost of severe social unrest. The 1910–1920Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Díaz and the adoption of the1917 Constitution. Mexico experiencedrapid industrialization and economic growth in the 1940s–1970s, amidstelectoral fraud, theTlatelolco massacre, and economic crises. The late 20th century saw a shift towardsneoliberalism, marked by the signing of theNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, amidstunrest in Chiapas. (Full article...)

Featured article -show another

Baja California is astate in northwestMexico that is divided into sevenmunicipalities. According to the 2020INEGI census, Baja California is the13th most populous state with3,769,020 inhabitants and the12th largest by land area spanning 73,290.08 square kilometres (28,297.46 sq mi).

Municipalities in Baja California are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the1917 Constitution of Mexico. Their legal framework derives from Title VI of the state Constitution and the state's 2001 Law of the Municipal Regime. Every three years, citizens elect amunicipal president (Spanish:presidente municipal) by aplurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos) who govern from the municipal seat. Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collectproperty taxes anduser fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income. Municipalities may establish functional and geographical subdivisions calleddelegaciones andsubdelegaciones in accordance with Article 29 of the Law of the Municipal Regime. (Full article...)

Selected article -show another

Ciudad Juárez skyline

Ciudad Juárez (US:/sjuːˌdɑːdˈhwɑːrɛz/sew-DAHDHWAR-ez;Spanish:[sjuˈðaðˈxwaɾes]^ⓘ; "Juárez City"), commonly referred to as justJuárez (Lipan:Tsé Táhú'ayá), is the most populous city in theMexican state ofChihuahua. It was known until 1888 asEl Paso del Norte ("The North Pass").

It is the seat of theJuárez Municipality with an estimated metropolitan population of 2.5 million people. Juárez lies on theRio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), south ofEl Paso, Texas, United States. Together with the surrounding areas, the cities formEl Paso–Juárez, the second largestbinational metropolitan area on theMexico–U.S. border (afterSan Diego–Tijuana), with a combined population of over 3.4 million people. (Full article...)

Selected picture

Good article -show another

Page 6 of the Maya Codex of Mexico, depicting a death god with captive

TheMaya Codex of Mexico (MCM) is aMaya screenfoldcodex manuscript of apre-Columbian type. Long known as theGrolier Codex orSáenz Codex, in 2018 it was officially renamed theCódice Maya de México (CMM) by theNational Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico. It is one of only four known extantMaya codices, and the only one that still resides in the Americas.

The MCM first appeared in a private collection in the 1960s and was shown at "The Maya Scribe and His World", an exhibition held at theGrolier Club in New York City in 1971, hence its original name. An almanac that charts the movements of the planetVenus, it originally consisted of twenty pages; the first eight and the last two are now missing. Folio 8 has the tallest fragment, measuring 19 centimeters (7.5 in), and its pages are typically 12.5 centimeters (4.9 in) wide. The red frame lines at the bottom of pages four through eight indicates that the dimensions were once substantially taller, and that the scribe prepared a space for text under the figure on each page. Accordingly, the manuscript would once have measured 250 centimeters (98.4 in), roughly the size of theDresden Codex. (Full article...)

Selected biography -show another

Official portrait, 2000

Vicente Fox Quesada (Latin American Spanish:[biˈsenteˈfokskeˈsaða]; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62ndpresident of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. After campaigning as aright-wing populist, Fox was elected president on theNational Action Party (PAN) ticket in the2000 election. He became the first president not from theInstitutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since 1929, and the first elected from an opposition party sinceFrancisco I. Madero in 1911. Fox won the election with 43 percent of the vote. Considered a social-welfare promoter, along withJulio Frenk Mora, he formulated, signed and implemented theSeguro Popular which helped circa 55 million independent workers.

As president, Fox continued theneoliberal economic policies his predecessors from the PRI had adopted since the 1980s. The first half of his administration saw a further shift of the federal government to the right, strong relations with the United States andGeorge W. Bush, unsuccessful attempts to introduce avalue-added tax to medicines and build an airport inTexcoco, and a diplomatic conflict with Cuban leaderFidel Castro. The murder of human rights lawyerDigna Ochoa in 2001 called into question the Fox administration's commitment to breaking with the authoritarian past of the PRI era. (Full article...)

In the news

25 October 2025 –Canada–United States trade relations

2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico

23 October 2025 –2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico,Canada–United States trade relations

U.S.presidentDonald Trump announces all trade negotiations withCanada are "terminated" following an advertisement featuring former U.S. presidentRonald Reagan released by thegovernment of Ontario.(CBC)

14 October 2025 –October 2025 Mexico floods and landslides

The death toll from the past week's torrential rain-relatedflooding across fivestates in easternMexico, especially inHidalgo andVeracruz, increases to 64, with 257 others still missing. At least 100,000 homes, 59 medical facilities, and 308 schools across the region are damaged bywater andoil from theGulf of Mexico.(NPR)(Milenioin Spanish)

10 October 2025 –

At least 28 people are killed infloods andlandslides in central and southeasternMexico. Roads and homes are destroyed.(AP)

7 October 2025 –Crime in Mexico

Six civilians are killed and two others are injured in amass shooting whenMexican Army soldiers open fire on a vehicle that tried to ram them on the highway connectingCiudad Mante andTampico inTamaulipas, Mexico. Mexican presidentClaudia Sheinbaum vowed an investigation.(MSN)

6 October 2025 –Mexican drug war,Mexico–United States relations

TheUnited States Treasury issues sanctions against variousMexican companies, including those in the pharmaceutical, real estate, chemical, and cleaning sectors, and eight people who manage them for allegedly supplyingdrug precursors to theChapitos faction of theSinaloa Cartel.(AP)

• 
  Image 1La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt).Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 2The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 3A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 4The firstBraceros arrive inLos Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph byDorothea Lange. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 5Fireworks in Mexico City forNew Year's Day. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 6"TheFall of the Alamo" byRobert Jenkins Onderdonk (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 7Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 8Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is theCristo Rey (Christ theKing) statue. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 9Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (ChapultepecForest) (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 10Exconvento (Ex-convent), byJosé María Velasco. 1860. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 11Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory atMiahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 12Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 13Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of theGolden Age of Mexican Cinema. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 14GeneralSanta Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 15Portrait and book bySor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 16The1985 Mexico City earthquake (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 17Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 18GeneralPancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 19Award of the Association of Theater Critics and Journalists. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 20Variegated maize ears (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 21April 2, 1867. Entry of GeneralPorfirio Díaz intoPuebla. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 22Olmec colossal (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 23Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) byAgustín Arrieta (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 24President Carranza inLa Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 25David Huerta is a contemporary philosopher and poet who examines human existence, freedom, and meaning in Mexican society, blending philosophy with art and literature. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 26TheZócalo (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 27Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 28Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 29Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at theEstadio Azteca, known as the "Clásico Joven." (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 30Buffalo Soldiers of the American10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during theBattle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 31Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 32El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 33Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 34Agustín de Iturbide the firstEmperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 35TheVolkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 36Plaza de las Tres Culturas (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 37Lázaro Cárdenas mural (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 38U.S. PresidentBarack Obama and Mexican President-ElectEnrique Peña Nieto during their meet at theWhite House following Peña Nieto'selection victory. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 39Mexico City street market (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 40Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and thePyramid of the Sun, from thePyramid of the Moon (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 41PresidentFelipe Calderón with President of BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 42Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as President for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 43Quechquemitl from Hidalgo at theMuseo de Arte Popular in Mexico City (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 44Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso,Tabasco (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 45President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in theBattle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname ofManco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 46Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 47Mexican Army troops in theZócalo in the 1968Tlatelolco massacre. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 48Logo of thePartido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 49Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 50Subcomandante Marcos (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 51La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes).Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 52PresidentVicente Fox with Prime Minister of IndiaManmohan Singh (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 53Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews andSpanish Republican exiles from being deported toNazi Germany or Spain. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 54A statue of aChichimeca Warrior in the city ofQuerétaro (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 55Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 56The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen.Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen.Miguel Miramón, right. Painting byÉdouard Manet 1868. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 57Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder,Antonio Deza y Ulloa (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 58Equestrian statue of Charles IV inMexico City (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 59Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 60A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 61Silkrebozo from Santa María del Río, SLP on a mannequin at the Feria de Rebozo inTenancingo, State of Mexico. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 62Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found inVeracruz, 10th–13th century.Metropolitan Museum of Art. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 63"The Torture ofCuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting byLeandro Izaguirre (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 64Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 65Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 66ViceroyJosé de Iturrigaray (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 67Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 68Modern group monument ofCortés,Doña Marina, and theirmestizo son Martín (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 69The logo ofNacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 70Liberación (Liberation).Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 71Pear,Quince andPsidiumcajeta. In 2010 declared theBicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 72Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican PresidentCarlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime MinisterBrian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 73Cabinet Officers ofAndrés Manuel López Obrador (left) and ofEnrique Peña Nieto (right). (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 74Making cigarettes in theEl Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 75José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly "Huapango" (fromCulture of Mexico)
• 
  Image 76Surrender ofSanta Anna byWilliam Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a woundedSam Houston in 1836. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 77Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 78Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (fromHistory of Mexico)
• 
  Image 79Shield Jaguar andLady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (fromHistory of Mexico)

Categories

Topics