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Introduction Maryland (US:/ˈmɛrɪlənd/ ⓘMERR-il-ənd) is astate in theMid-Atlantic andSouth Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states ofVirginia to its south,West Virginia to its west,Pennsylvania to its north, andDelaware to its east, as well as with theAtlantic Ocean to its east, and the national capital and federal district ofWashington, D.C. to the southwest. With a total area of 12,407 square miles (32,130 km2), Maryland is theninth-smallest state by land area, and its population of 6,177,224 ranks it the18th-most populous state and thefifth-most densely populated. Maryland's capital city isAnnapolis, and the state's most populous city isBaltimore. Maryland's coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century. Prior to that, it was inhabited by severalNative American tribes, mostly theAlgonquian peoples. One of the originalThirteen Colonies, theProvince of Maryland was founded in 1634 byGeorge Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, aCatholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England. In 1632,Charles I of England granted Lord Baltimore acolonial charter, naming the colony after his wife,Henrietta Maria. In 1649, the Maryland General Assembly passed anAct Concerning Religion, which enshrined the principle oftoleration. Religious strife was common in Maryland's early years, andCatholics remained a minority, albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony. Maryland's early settlements and population centers clustered around waterways that empty into theChesapeake Bay. Its economy was heavilyplantation-based and centered mostly on the cultivation oftobacco. Demand for cheap labor from Maryland colonists led to the importation of numerousindentured servants andenslaved Africans. In 1760, Maryland's current boundaries took form following thesettlement of a long-running border dispute with Pennsylvania. Many of its citizens playedkey political and military roles in theAmerican Revolutionary War. Although it was aslave state, Marylandremained in the Union during theAmerican Civil War, and its proximity to Washington D.C. and Virginia made ita significant strategic location. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Maryland took part in theIndustrial Revolution, driven by its seaports, railroad networks, and mass immigration from Europe. (Full article...)
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TheChincoteague pony, also known as theAssateague horse, is an Americanferal herd onAssateague Island of Virginia and Maryland. The breed was made famous by theMisty of Chincoteague novels, written byMarguerite Henry, and first published in 1947. Although popularly known as Chincoteague ponies, the feral ponies live on Assateague Island which is owned by the US government and is split by a fence at the Maryland–Virginia state line. A herd of around 150 ponies are maintained on the Virginia side of the fence, and 80 on the Maryland side.
The two herds are managed by separate agencies. The Maryland herd (referred to in the literature of theNational Park Service as Assateague horses) live withinAssateague Island National Seashore. They are generally treated as wild animals, given no more or less assistance than any other species on the island, other than contraceptive treatments to curb overpopulation. Conversely, the Virginia herd (referred to as Chincoteague ponies) live within theChincoteague National Wildlife Refuge and are owned by theChincoteague Volunteer Fire Company. The Virginia ponies are treated to twice-yearly veterinary inspections, which prepare them for life among the domestic equine population if they are sold at auction. While only around 300 feral ponies live on Assateague Island, around 1,000 more live off-island, having been purchased or bred by private owners. (Full article...)
Baltimore is themost populous city in the U.S. state ofMaryland. It is the30th-most populous U.S. city with a population of 585,708 at the2020 census and estimated at 568,271 in 2024, while theBaltimore metropolitan area at 2.86 million residents is the22nd-largest metropolitan area in the nation. The city is also part of theWashington–Baltimore combined statistical area, which had a population of 9.97 million in 2020. Baltimore was designated as anindependent city by theConstitution of Maryland in 1851. Though not located under the jurisdiction of any county in the state, it forms part of the Central Maryland region together withthe surrounding county that shares its name.
The land that is present-day Baltimore was once used as hunting ground byPaleo-Indians. In the early 1600s, theSusquehannock began to hunt there. People from theProvince of Maryland established thePort of Baltimore in 1706 to support thetobacco trade with Europe and established the Town of Baltimore in 1729. During theAmerican Revolutionary War, theSecond Continental Congress briefly moved its deliberations to theHenry Fite House from December 1776 to February 1777 prior to thecapture of Philadelphia to British troops, which permitted Baltimore to serve briefly asthe nation's capital before it returned toPhiladelphia. TheBattle of Baltimore was pivotal during theWar of 1812, culminating in the British bombardment ofFort McHenry, during whichFrancis Scott Key wrote a poem that became "The Star-Spangled Banner", which was designated as the national anthem in 1931. During thePratt Street Riot of 1861, the city was the site of some of the earliest violence associated with theAmerican Civil War. (Full article...)
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