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The London Portal

Panorama of modern London, taken from the Golden Gallery ofSt Paul's Cathedral. SeePanorama of London for more panoramic images.

Nelson's Column

London is thecapital andlargest city of bothEngland and theUnited Kingdom, with a population of 9.1 million people in 2024.Its wider metropolitan area is the largest inWestern Europe, with a population of 15.1 million. London stands on theRiver Thames in southeast England, at the head of a 50-mile (80 km)tidal estuary down to theNorth Sea, and has been a major settlement for nearly 2,000 years. Its ancient core andfinancial centre, theCity of London, was founded by theRomans asLondinium and has retained its medieval boundaries. TheCity of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has been the centuries-long host ofthe national government andparliament. London grew rapidlyin the 19th century, becoming the world'slargest city at the time. Since the 19th century the name "London" has referred to themetropolis around the City of London, historically split between thecounties ofMiddlesex,Essex,Surrey,Kent andHertfordshire, which since 1965 has largely comprised the administrative area ofGreater London, governed by33 local authorities and theGreater London Authority.

As one of the world's majorglobal cities, London exerts a strong influence on worldart, entertainment,fashion, commerce, finance,education,healthcare,media, science, technology,tourism,transport and communications. London is Europe's largest city economy andone of the world's major financial centres. London hosts Europe's largest concentration ofhigher education institutions, comprising over 50 universities and colleges and enrolling more than 500,000 students as at 2023. It is home to several of the world's leading academic institutions:Imperial College London, internationally recognised for its excellence innatural andapplied sciences, andUniversity College London (UCL), a comprehensive research-intensive university, consistently rank among the top ten globally. Other notable institutions includeKing's College London (KCL), highly regarded in law,humanities andhealth sciences; theLondon School of Economics (LSE), globally prominent insocial sciences and economics; and specialised institutions such as theRoyal College of Art (RCA),Royal Academy of Music (RAM), theRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), theSchool of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) andLondon Business School (LBS). It is themost-visited city in Europe and has the world'sbusiest city airport system. TheLondon Underground is the world's oldestrapid transit system.

London's diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages. The 2025 population of Greater London of just over 9.8 million made it Europe'sthird-most populous city, accounting for 13.1 per cent of the United Kingdom's population and 15.5 per cent of England's population. TheGreater London Built-up Area is thefourth-most populous in Europe, with about 9.8 million inhabitants as of 2011. The London metropolitan area is thethird-most-populous in Europe, with about 15 million inhabitants as of 2025, making London amegacity. (Full article...)

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Exterior of the theatre, 2023

His Majesty's Theatre is aWest End theatre situated in theHaymarket in theCity of Westminster, London. The building, designed byCharles J. Phipps, was constructed in 1897 for the actor-managerHerbert Beerbohm Tree, who established theRoyal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) at the theatre. In the early decades of the 20th century Tree produced spectacular productions ofShakespeare and other classical works, and the theatre hosted premieres by such playwrights asBernard Shaw,J. M. Synge and, later,Noël Coward andJ. B. Priestley. Since theFirst World War the wide stage has made the theatre suitable for large-scale musical productions, and His Majesty's has accordingly specialised in hostingmusicals. It has been home to record-setting musical theatre runs such as the First World War hitChu Chin Chow andAndrew Lloyd Webber'sThe Phantom of the Opera, which has run at His Majesty's since 1986, except during theCOVID-19 pandemic theatre closures.

The first theatre on the site was established in 1705 by the architect and playwrightJohn Vanbrugh as the Queen's Theatre. Legitimate drama unaccompanied by music was prohibited by law in all but the two Londonpatent theatres, and the theatre quickly became anopera house. Between 1711 and 1739 more than 25 operas byGeorge Frideric Handel premiered here. The theatre burnt down in 1789, and a new theatre was completed in 1791. Some ofJoseph Haydn's series of concerts in London took place at the theatre in the 1790s. In the early 19th century the theatre was home to an opera company (which moved to theTheatre Royal, Covent Garden, in 1847) presenting the first London performances ofMozart'sLa clemenza di Tito,Così fan tutte andDon Giovanni. It also hosted the ballet of Her Majesty's Theatre in the mid-19th century, before returning to opera with the London premieres of such works asBizet'sCarmen andWagner'sRing cycle. A third building was constructed in 1868. (Full article...)

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Photo credit:David Iliff

TheAlbert Memorial is situated inKensington Gardens, directly to the north of theRoyal Albert Hall. It was commissioned byQueen Victoria in memory of her beloved husband,Prince Albert, who died of typhoid in 1861. The memorial was designed by SirGeorge Gilbert Scott in theGothic Revival style; the form is intended to evoke an ornate medievalciborium over the high altar of a church.

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Subcategories

Articles about London can be found under these categories:

Areas of London

Buildings and structures in London

Environment of London

Geography of London

Local government in London

Organisations based in London

People from London

Politics of London

Protected areas of London

Science and technology in London

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As illustratedc. 1820

Elizabeth Canning(married nameTreat; 17 September 1734 – June 1773) was an Englishmaidservant who claimed to have been kidnapped and held against her will in a hayloft for almost a month. She ultimately became central to one of the most famous English criminal mysteries of the 18th century.

She disappeared on 1 January 1753 and returned almost a month later to her mother's home inAldermanbury in theCity of London, emaciated and in a "deplorable condition". After being questioned by concerned friends and neighbours, she was interviewed by the localalderman, who then issued an arrest warrant for Susannah Wells, the woman who occupied the house in which Canning was supposed to have been held. At Wells' house inEnfield Wash, Canning identified Mary Squires as another of her captors, prompting the arrest and detention of both Wells and Squires. London magistrateHenry Fielding became involved in the case, taking Canning's side. Further arrests were made and several witness statements were taken, and Wells and Squires were ultimately tried and found guilty—Squires of the more serious and potentially capital charge of theft. (Full article...)

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Selected quotation

“

London is a modern Babylon.

”

Benjamin Disraeli,Tancred (1847), Book V, Chapter 5.

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Did you know...

... thatThe Mousetrap byAgatha Christie has the longest initial run of any play in history, having played continuously in theWest End since 1952?

... thatSt Paul's, Covent Garden is known as the "Actor's Church" and contains monuments to such famous names asCharlie Chaplin andVivien Leigh?

... thatBram Stoker was the business manager of theLyceum Theatre from 1878 to 1898, and based the character ofCount Dracula on the actorHenry Irving?

... that theHaymarket Theatre was once managed byJohn Wilkes Booth's brother-in-law, who had fled the United States afterAbraham Lincoln's assassination?

... that thePeacock Theatre is believed to be haunted by the ghost of a dolphin called "Flipper"?

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General images

The following are images from various London-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Firefighters putting out flames after an air raid duringThe Blitz, 1941 (fromHistory of London)
Image 2Section 3 (fromHistory of London)
Image 3The statue ofAlfred the Great atWinchester, erected 1899 (fromHistory of London)
Image 4The Clock Tower of Wren'sSt Paul's Cathedral (fromHistory of London)
Image 5Amy Winehouse was a singer-songwriter from Southgate, north London. (fromCulture of London)
Image 6London as engraved by J. & C. Walker in 1845 from a map by R Creighton. Many districts in the West End were fully developed, and the East End also extended well beyond the eastern fringe of the City of London. There were now several bridges over the Thames, allowing the rapid development ofSouth London. (fromHistory of London)
Image 7Tourists consulting a map nearSt Paul's Cathedral (fromTourism in London)
Image 8A depiction of the imprisonment ofCharles, Duke of Orléans in theTower of London, from a 15th-century manuscript.Old London Bridge is in the background (fromHistory of London)
Image 9Outline of the London region (fromGeography of London)
Image 10Buckingham Palace in 1837, enlarged byJohn Nash (fromHistory of London)
Image 11John Norden's map of London in 1593. There is only one bridge across the Thames, but parts of Southwark on the south bank of the river have been developed. (fromHistory of London)
Image 12A signpost onParliament Square with directions for nearby attractions (fromTourism in London)
Image 13Brixton Academy (fromCulture of London)
Image 14Samuel Pepys, chronicler ofStuart London (fromHistory of London)
Image 15ACarausius coin from Londinium mint (fromHistory of London)
Image 16In spite of heavy traffic, several companies operate tour buses in London. (fromTourism in London)
Image 17A plaque in theCity of London noting the re-establishment of the Roman walled city (fromHistory of London)
Image 18Maughan Library,King's College London (fromCulture of London)
Image 19Tourism in London 2013 (fromTourism in London)
Image 20The Shard (left), an icon of 21st-century London (fromHistory of London)
Image 21Girl in costume at theNotting Hill Carnival (fromCulture of London)
Image 22A detailed copy ofJohn Rocque's Map of London, 1741–5 (fromHistory of London)
Image 23Young people inCarnaby Street in 1966 (fromHistory of London)
Image 24Main entrance to theBritish Museum (fromCulture of London)
Image 25The National Gallery from Trafalgar Square (fromCulture of London)
Image 26The"Woodcut" map of London, formally titledCivitas Londinum (c. 1561) (fromHistory of London)
Image 27A silver coin ofAlfred, with the legendÆLFRED REX (fromHistory of London)
Image 28Section 2 (fromHistory of London)
Image 29John Evelyn's plan for the rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (fromHistory of London)
Image 30People gathered inWhitehall to hearWinston Churchill's victory speech, 8 May 1945. (fromHistory of London)
Image 31Richard Blome's map of London (1673). The development of the West End had recently begun to accelerate. (fromHistory of London)
Image 32Buckingham Palace as it appeared in the 17th century (fromHistory of London)
Image 33A tourist stall selling various London andUnited Kingdom related souvenirs on the edge ofTrafalgar Square on theStrand (fromTourism in London)
Image 34Cheapside pictured in 1909, with the church ofSt Mary-le-Bow in the background (fromHistory of London)
Image 35Satellite image by Sentinel-2 satellite (fromGeography of London)
Image 36Three cultural icons of London: aK2 red telephone box,Big Ben and a reddouble-decker bus (fromCulture of London)
Image 37Londonc. 1300 (fromHistory of London)
Image 38Tourists atBuckingham Palace (fromTourism in London)
Image 39A view of London from the east in 1751 (fromHistory of London)
Image 40Ogilby & Morgan's map of the City of London (1673). "A Large and Accurate Map of the City of London. Ichnographically describing all the Streets, Lanes, Alleys, Courts, Yards, Churches, Halls, & Houses &c. Actually Surveyed and Delineated byJohn Ogilby, His Majesties Cosmographer." (fromHistory of London)
Image 41A medal ofConstantius I capturingLondon (inscribed aslon) in 296 after defeatingAllectus. FromBeaurains treasure. (fromHistory of London)
Image 42Shaftesbury Avenue,c. 1949 (fromHistory of London)
Image 43The Houses of Parliament from Westminster Bridge in the early 1890s (fromHistory of London)
Image 44Map ofRoman London, c. 400AD (fromHistory of London)
Image 45Section 1 (fromHistory of London)
Image 46Les Misérables at thePalace Theatre (fromCulture of London)
Image 47Floral Hall of theRoyal Opera House (fromCulture of London)

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London Boroughs

City of London † City of Westminster Kensington and Chelsea Hammersmith and Fulham Wandsworth Lambeth Southwark Tower Hamlets Hackney Islington Camden Brent Ealing Hounslow Richmond Kingston upon Thames		Merton Sutton Croydon Bromley Lewisham Greenwich Bexley Havering Barking and Dagenham Redbridge Newham Waltham Forest Haringey Enfield Barnet Harrow Hillingdon
†sui generis – not a London borough

More about London Boroughs
Category: London boroughs

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London Topics

London-related topics

History

Politics

London government	Mayor of London Greater London Authority London Assembly The 32 London Boroughs City of London Corporation Ken Livingstone London Development Agency London Fire Commissioner Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime Transport for London City Hall London Plan Metropolitan Board of Works Greater London Council London County Council
UK government in London	Downing Street MI5 SIS (MI6) Middlesex Guildhall Palace of Westminster Palace of Whitehall Portcullis House Somerset House War Office Whitehall

Geography

Attractions

Historic	Barbican Estate Covent Garden Leicester Square Mayfair Palace of Westminster Piccadilly Circus St Paul's Cathedral Tower Bridge Tower of London Trafalgar Square Westminster Abbey
Royal	Buckingham Palace Clarence House Hampton Court Palace Horse Guards Parade Kensington Palace The Mall St James's Palace
Modern	8 Canada Square 22 Bishopsgate Canary Wharf Citigroup Centre London Eye Millennium Bridge The O2 Arena Millennium Dome One Canada Square The Gherkin The Shard Tower 42 Wembley Stadium
Retail	Bond Street Carnaby Street Harrods Harvey Nichols Knightsbridge Liberty Oxford Street Regent Street Selfridges Tottenham Court Road
Monuments	Albert Memorial Cenotaph Cleopatra's Needle Monument to the Great Fire Nelson's Column more ...

Civic

Culture

Economy

Education

Museums
and galleries

League teams
(tiers 1–4)

1	Arsenal Brentford Chelsea Crystal Palace Fulham Tottenham Hotspur West Ham United
2	Charlton Athletic Millwall Queens Park Rangers
3	AFC Wimbledon Leyton Orient
4	Barnet Bromley

Non-league teams
(tiers 5–8)

5	Sutton United Wealdstone
6	Dagenham & Redbridge Enfield Town Hampton & Richmond Borough Hornchurch
7	Carshalton Athletic Cray Valley Paper Mills Cray Wanderers Dulwich Hamlet Hanwell Town Hendon Welling United Wingate & Finchley
8	AFC Croydon Athletic Beckenham Town Erith Town Hadley Hanworth Villa Haringey Borough Harrow Borough Hayes & Yeading United Kingstonian Northwood Phoenix Sports Rayners Lane Raynes Park Vale Redbridge Sutton Common Rovers Uxbridge Walthamstow

Rivalries

London derbies

Cup competitions

Transport

London has one of the oldest and largestpublic transport systems in the world. Many components of its transport system, such as the double-decker bus, the Hackney Carriage black taxi and the Tube, are internationally recognised symbols of London. London has a comprehensive rail network with several majorrailway stations, including two international train stations atSt Pancras railway station andStratford International, which connect London to mainland Europe through theEurostar service. London also has sixinternational airports. In addition to public transport, London is the start point for a number of motorway routes. TheM25 is an orbital motorway which enables vehicles to avoid travelling through central London, and is one of the busiest motorways in Europe.

Transport in London

Companies and
organisations

Transport for
London (TfL)

London Underground	Night Tube Bakerloo Central Circle District Hammersmith & City Jubilee Metropolitan Northern Piccadilly Victoria Waterloo & City
London Rail	Docklands Light Railway Elizabeth line Tramlink London Overground Liberty Lioness Mildmay North West Suffragette Weaver Windrush East South
London Buses	East London Transit Superloop Night buses
Other	Coach station Cycle hire Dial-a-Ride IFS Cloud Cable Car London River Services London Streets Source London Taxi and Private Hire office

Bus operators

River operators

Train operators

Other

Airports

Within London	City Heathrow London Heliport Military:Northolt Private:Biggin Hill
Outside London	Gatwick Luton Southend Stansted

Major stations

Central area	Baker Street Bank-Monument Blackfriars Bond Street Cannon Street Charing Cross City Thameslink Earl's Court Elephant & Castle Euston Farringdon Fenchurch Street Green Park King's Cross Liverpool Street London Bridge Marylebone Moorgate Oxford Circus Paddington St Pancras International Tottenham Court Road Vauxhall Victoria Waterloo Waterloo East Westminster
Other	Barking Bromley South Canary Wharf Clapham Junction Ealing Broadway East Croydon Finsbury Park Heathrow stations Highbury & Islington Lewisham London City Airport Richmond Stratford Surbiton Sutton Upminster West Ham West Hampstead stations Whitechapel Willesden Junction Wimbledon

Roads

Motorways	M1 M4 M11 M25 London Orbital Former:M41 (West Cross Route) A40(M) (Westway) A102(M) (East Cross Route)
Ring roads	London Inner Ring Road North Circular Road South Circular Road
Charging	Congestion charge Low emission zone Ultra Low Emission Zone Blackwall Tunnel/Silvertown Tunnel charges