Lebanon, officially theRepublic of Lebanon, is a country in theLevant region ofWest Asia. Situated at the crossroads of theMediterranean Basin and theArabian Peninsula, it is bordered bySyria to the north and east,Israel to the south, and theMediterranean Sea to the west;Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of 10,452 square kilometres (4,036 sq mi).Beirut is the country's capital and largest city.
Bodashtart was a prolific builder, and his name is attested on some 30eponymous inscriptions found at theTemple of Eshmun and elsewhere in thehinterland of the city of Sidon inLebanon. The earliest discovered of Bodashtart's inscriptions was excavated in Sidon in 1858 and was donated to theLouvre. This inscription dates back to the first year of Bodashtart's accession to the throne of Sidon and commemorates the building of a temple to the goddess Astarte. The Temple of Eshmunpodium inscriptions were discovered between 1900 and 1922 and are classified into two groups. The inscriptions of the first group, known asKAI 15, commemorate building activities in the temple and attribute the work to Bodashtart. The second group of inscriptions, known as KAI 16, were found on podium restoration blocks; they credit Bodashtart and his son Yatonmilk with the construction project and emphasise Yatonmilk's legitimacy as heir. The most recently discovered inscription as of 2020 was found in the 1970s on the bank of theBostrenos River, not far from the Temple of Eshmun. The inscription credits the King with the building ofwater canals to supply the temple in the seventh year of his reign.
Three of Bodashtart's Eshmun temple inscriptions have been left in place; the others are housed in museums inParis,Istanbul, andBeirut. Bodashtart is believed to have reigned for at least seven years, as evidenced by the Bostrenos River bank inscription. Little is known about his reign other than what has been learned from his dedicatory inscriptions. (Full article...)
... thatGigarta, a settlement mentioned byStrabo andPliny the Elder, is believed to have been located on the slopes ofMount Lebanon, although its exact location remains under debate?
... that the cedar tree on theLebanese flag is mentioned 103 times in the Bible?
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The McMahon–Hussein letter of 24 October 1915.George Antonius—who had been the first to publish the correspondence in full—described this letter as "by far the most important in the whole correspondence, and may perhaps be regarded as the most important international document in the history of the Arab national movement... is still invoked as the main piece of evidence on which the Arabs accuse Great Britain of having broken faith with them."
Following the publication of the November 1917Balfour Declaration (a letter written by British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Baron Rothschild, a wealthy and prominent leader in the British Jewish community), which promised a national home for the Jews in Palestine, and the subsequent leaking of the secret 1916Sykes–Picot Agreement in whichBritain and France proposed to split and occupy parts of the territory, the Sharif and other Arab leaders considered the agreements made in the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence to have been violated. Hussein refused to ratify the 1919Treaty of Versailles and, in response to a 1921British proposal to sign a treaty accepting the Mandate system, stated that he could not be expected to "affix his name to a document assigning Palestine to the Zionists and Syria to foreigners". A further British attempt to reach a treaty failed in 1923–24, with negotiations suspended in March 1924; within six months, the British withdrew their support in favour of theircentral Arabian allyIbn Saud, who proceeded toconquer Hussein's kingdom. (Full article...)
Image 8Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1983: Green – controlled by Syria, purple – controlled by Christian groups, yellow – controlled by Israel, blue – controlled by the United Nations (fromHistory of Lebanon)
Image 10Portrait of Fakhreddine while he was in Tuscany, stating "Faccardino grand emir dei Drusi" translated as "Fakhreddine: great emir of the Druze" (fromHistory of Lebanon)
Image 11Aftermath of the 4 August 2020 Beirut explosion (fromHistory of Lebanon)
Image 12The funeral of the assassinated Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri (fromHistory of Lebanon)
Image 13A selection of Lebanese dishes from Cafe Nouf Restaurant in London (fromCulture of Lebanon)
Image 26Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1976: Dark Green – controlled by Syria; Purple – controlled byMaronite groups; Light Green – controlled byPalestinian militias (fromHistory of Lebanon)
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