Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Portal:Iraq

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wikimedia portal

Portal topics - (Random portal)

Portal maintenance status:(September 2020)

This portal'ssubpageshave been checked by an editor, and are needed.

Pleasetake care when editing, especially if usingautomated editing software. Learn how toupdate the maintenance information here.

edit

The Iraq Portal

A view of the former Republican Palace,Baghdad, Iraq

Flag of Iraq	Coat of Arms of Iraq

Iraq, officially theRepublic of Iraq, is a country inWest Asia. It is bordered bySaudi Arabia tothe south,Turkey tothe north,Iran tothe east, thePersian Gulf andKuwait to thesoutheast,Jordan tothe southwest, andSyria tothe west. The country covers an area of 438,317 square kilometres (169,235 sq mi) and hasa population of over 46 million, making it the58th largest country by area and the31st most populous in the world.Baghdad, home to over 8 million people, is the capital city and thelargest in the country.

Since independence in 1932, Iraq has experienced spells of significanteconomic andmilitary growth alongside periods ofinstability and conflict. It was part of theOttoman Empire until the end ofWorld War I.Mandatory Iraq was then established by the British in 1921. It transitioned into anindependent kingdom in 1932. Following a coup in 1958, Iraq became arepublic, first led byAbdul Karim Qasim, followed byAbdul Salam Arif andAbdul Rahman Arif. TheBa'ath Party tookpower in 1968, establishing aone-party state underAhmed Hassan al-Bakr and laterSaddam Hussein, who presided overwar against Iran from 1980 to 1988 and theninvaded Kuwait in 1990. In 2003, aU.S.-led coalition forces invaded andoccupied Iraq,overthrowing Saddam and triggering aninsurgency andsectarian violence. The conflict, known as theIraq War,ended in 2011. From 2013 to 2017, Iraq faced anotherwar with the rise and defeat of theIslamic State. Todaypost-war conflict continues at a lower scale, hampering stability alongside therising influence of Iran. (Full article...)

Refresh with new selections below (purge)

Selected article -show another

Ashurbanipal, closeup from theLion Hunt of Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal (Neo-Assyrian Akkadian:𒀸𒋩𒆕𒀀,romanized: Aššur-bāni-apli, meaning "Ashur is the creator of the heir") was the king of theNeo-Assyrian Empire from 669 BC to his death in 631. He is generally remembered as the last great king ofAssyria. Ashurbanipal inherited the throne as the favored heir of his fatherEsarhaddon; his 38-year reign was among the longest of anyAssyrian king. Though sometimes regarded as the apogee of ancient Assyria, his reign also marked the last time Assyrian armies waged war throughout theancient Near East and the beginning of the end of Assyrian dominion over the region.

Esarhaddon selected Ashurbanipal as heirc. 673. The selection of Ashurbanipal bypassed the elder son Shamash-shum-ukin. Perhaps in order to avoid future rivalry, Esarhaddon designated Shamash-shum-ukin as the heir toBabylonia. The two brothers jointly ascended to their respective thrones after Esarhaddon's death in 669, though Shamash-shum-ukin was relegated to being Ashurbanipal's closely monitored vassal. Much of the early years of Ashurbanipal's reign was spent fighting rebellions inEgypt, which had been conquered by his father. The most extensive campaigns of Ashurbanipal were those directed towardsElam, an ancient enemy of Assyria, and against Shamash-shum-ukin, who gradually began to resent the overbearing control that his younger brother held over him. Elam was defeated in a series of conflicts in 665, 653 and 647–646. Shamash-shum-ukin rebelled in 652 and assembled a coalition of Assyria's enemies but was defeated and died during Ashurbanipal's siege of Babylon in 648. On account of a lack of surviving records, much of Ashurbanipal's late reign is poorly known. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

edit

Selected picture

TheCode of Hammurabi (Codex Hammurabi), the best preserved ancient law code, was created ca.1760 BC (middle chronology) in ancientBabylon. It was enacted by the sixth Babylonian king,Hammurabi.

More selected pictures

edit

Did you know...

...that the oldest knownwriting system, known ascuneiform, was developed in southern Iraq during theSumerian civilization.
...that the oldest laws were written in Iraq by the Sumerian KingUr-Nammu.
...that Iraq is second only toSaudi Arabia in oil reserves.
...that the national soccer team of Iraq won the AFC Asian Cup in 2007.
...the wheel was invented in the southern Iraqi city ofUr.
...that Iraq is the largest producer ofdates with more than 400 types and more than 22 million date palms.
...that Iraq’s national dish is Masgouf (impaled fish) and its national cookie is Kleicha (meaning circle or wheel), both of which can be traced back to antiquity.
...in the 1940s and 1950s, Iraq had 4/5 of the world'sArecaceae population, these numbers have drastically decreased in the last few decades.

Selected biography -show another

Salih in 2019

Barham Salih (Kurdish:بەرھەم ساڵح,romanized: Berhem Salih;Arabic:برهم صالح,romanized: Bārhām Ṣāliḥ; born 8 September 1960) is an Iraqi politician who served as thepresident of Iraq from 2018 to 2022.

He is the former prime minister of theKurdistan Region and a former deputy prime minister of theIraqi federal government. He was elected and assumed office as president of Iraq on 2 October 2018. Salih is the third non-Arab president ofIraq, succeedingFuad Masum, who is also Kurdish. In October 2022 helost his re-election toAbdul Latif Rashid. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies

General images

The following are images from various Iraq-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Saddam Hussein promoting women's education in the 1970s (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 2Nazem Ghazali was one of the most popular singers in the history ofIraq and in the Arab world. His songs are still heard by many in theArab world. He was known by his maqam songs. (fromMusic of Iraq)
Image 3The Age of the Caliphs
  Muhammad, 622–632
  Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661
  Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750
(fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 4Younis Mahmoud is Iraq's all-time most capped player in international matches, having played in 148 official games. (fromSport in Iraq)
Image 57th-century BC relief depicting Ashurbanipal (r. 669–631 BC) and three royal attendants in a chariot. Ashurbanipal was the king of theNeo-Assyrian Empire which was thelargest empire in history up to that point. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 6Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 7TheAssyrian Empire at its greatest extent (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 8TheLion of Babylon of TheIshtar Gate has remained a prominent symbol of Iraqi culture throughout history. (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 9A partial view of the ruins ofBabylon (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 10Flood Tablet of theEpic of Gilgamesh (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 11TheSasanian Empire at its greatest extent in c. 620 underKhosrow II (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 12Iraqi music group led byYusuf Za'arur in Baghdad, wearing thesidara, ca 1930. (fromMusic of Iraq)
Image 13Munir Bashir, an Iraqi musician. (fromMusic of Iraq)
Image 14The Queen's gold lyre from the Royal Cemetery at Ur.Iraq Museum,Baghdad (fromMusic of Iraq)
Image 15Pro-independence rally inIraqi Kurdistan in 2017. TheKurdistan Regional Government announced it would respect the Supreme Federal Court's ruling that no Iraqi province is allowed to secede. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 16Seleucia was the capital of theHellenistic Seleucid Empire (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 17Thisearthenware dish was made in 9th-century Iraq. It is housed in theSmithsonian Institution inWashington, D.C. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 18TheNeo-Babylonian Empire underNabonidus (r. 626–539 BC) (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 19Ilham Madfai, "The Baghdad Beatle". Madfai's synthesis of Western guitar stylings with traditional Iraqi music has made him a popular performer in his native country and throughout the Middle East. (fromMusic of Iraq)
Image 20Muhammad al-Qubbanchi performing Maqam (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 21British ruled Mesopotamia in pink (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 22Iraq Museum (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 23The Mongol Empire's expansion (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 24Iraq state emblem undernationalist Qasim was mostly based on Mesopotamian symbol ofShamash, and avoided pan-Arab symbolism by incorporating elements ofSocialist heraldry. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 25Al-Mutanabi, regarded as one of the greatest, most prominent and influential poets in theArabic language; much of his work has been translated into over 20 languages worldwide. (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 26Zaha Hadid was an Iraqi architect, artist and designer, recognised as a major figure in architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. She is known for being influenced bySumerian ancient cities. (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 27Bronze head of anAkkadian ruler fromNineveh, presumably depicting eitherSargon of Akkad, or Sargon's grandsonNaram-Sin. The Akkadian Empire was the first ancientempire ofMesopotamia after the long-lived civilization ofSumer. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 28Inside the Shanidar Cave where the remains of eight adults and two infantNeanderthals, dating from around 65,000–35,000 years ago were found. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 29"Entry of Alexander into Babylon", a 1665 painting byCharles LeBrun, depicts Alexander the Great's uncontested entry into the city of Babylon, envisioned with pre-existingHellenistic architecture. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 30Occupation zones in Iraq in September 2003 (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 31Conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 32U.S. Army soldier searches an Iraqi boy, March 2011. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 33Map of the Safavid Iran. The area of Mesopotamia, permanentlylost to the Ottomans in 1639 is shaded. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 34Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Iraq 1932–1959 (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 35Nuri Said (1888 – 1958) contributed to the establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq and thearmed forces while also serving asPrime minister. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 367th-century BC relief depictingAshurbanipal (r. 669–631 BC) and three royal attendants in a chariot (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 37Kadim Al Sahir known as "TheCaesar" of Arabic songs. Considered as one of the most successful singers in the history of theArab World. (fromMusic of Iraq)
Image 38Al-Azzawi fighting for his seventh world heavyweight kickboxing title in his hometown of Baghdad, Iraq. (fromSport in Iraq)
Image 39Masghouf fish, one of Iraq's national dishes, aMesopotamian cuisine dating back to ancient times, typically fish caught from the rivers ofEuphrates andTigris, and grilled near the river bed (fromCulture of Iraq)
Image 40Saddam Hussein, a leading member of the revolutionaryArab Socialist Ba'ath Party, served as the fifthpresident of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 41Conquest ofMosul (Nineveh) byMustafa Pasha in 1631, a Turkish soldier in the foreground holding a severed head. L., C. (Stecher), 1631–1650. (fromHistory of Iraq)
Image 42Kuwait became a Governorate of Iraq. (fromHistory of Iraq)

edit

Lists

edit

Topics

Iraq topics

History

Chronology	Ubaid period Hassuna culture Halaf culture Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period Samarra culture Uruk period Jemdet Nasr period Sumer Subartu Akkadian Empire Gutian dynasty Neo-Sumerian Empire Isin-Larsa period First Babylonian Empire Old Assyrian Period Middle Assyrian Empire Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire Simurrum culture Babylonia Assyria Neo-Assyrian Empire Neo-Babylonian Empire Babylonian captivity Fall of Babylon Achaemenid Assyria Seleucid Babylonia Parthian Babylonia Araba Sassanid Asorestan Sassanid Arbayistan
638–1958	Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Buyid dynasty Qara Qoyunlu Aq Qoyunlu Safavids Ottoman Iraq (incl.Mamluk dynasty) Mandate for Mesopotamia Mandatory Iraq Kingdom of Iraq Kings Arab Federation
Republic	1958–1968 1968–2003 2003–2011 2011–present Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region (National Command) Saddam Hussein Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq Weapons of mass destruction Iran–Iraq War Operation Opera Invasion of Kuwait Gulf War 1991 uprisings Sanctions Iraq War U.S. invasion Iraqi insurgency U.S. troop withdrawal Insurgency (2011–2013) War (2014–2017) Fall of Mosul Mosul liberation Insurgency 2019–2021 protests 2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis

Geography
Faw peninsula Upper Mesopotamia Lower Mesopotamia Borders Euphrates river Hamrin Mountains Iraqi Kurdistan Lakes Islands Mesopotamia Mesopotamian Marshes Persian Gulf Places Shatt al-Arab Syrian Desert Tigris river Umm Qasr Zagros Mountains Wildlife Sinjar Mountains

Politics

Economy
Banks Central Bank Companies Corruption Dinar(currency) Infrastructure Foreign Investment Oil Industry Oil reserves Reconstruction Stock Exchange Telecommunications Transportation Airlines Railways Tourism

Society

Demographics	Iraqis Languages Mesopotamian Arabic Aramaic Kurdish Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects Persian Minorities Armenians Assyrians Circassians Kurds Mandaeans Marsh Arabs Persians Solluba Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman Jews Religion Secularism Islam Christianity Mandaeism Yazidis Irreligion
General	Art Cinema Cuisine Culture Literature Education Health Media Television Music Smoking Sports Squatting Public holidays Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu) Mandaean New Year