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Hungary is alandlocked country inCentral Europe. Spanning much of theCarpathian Basin, it is bordered bySlovakia to the north,Ukraine to the northeast,Romania to the east and southeast,Serbia to the south,Croatia andSlovenia to the southwest, andAustria to the west. Hungary lies within thedrainage basin of theDanube River and is dominated by great lowlandplains. It has a population of 9.6 million, consisting mostly of ethnicHungarians (Magyars) anda significant Romani minority.Hungarian is theofficial language, and amongthe few in Europe outside theIndo-European family.Budapest is the country's capital andlargest city, and the dominant cultural and economic centre.
Prior to the foundation of the Hungarian state, various peoples settled in the territory of present-day Hungary, including theCelts,Romans,Huns,Germanic peoples,Avars andSlavs. Hungarian statehood is traced to thePrincipality of Hungary, which was established in the late ninth century byÁlmos and his sonÁrpád through theconquest of the Carpathian Basin. KingStephen I ascended the throne in 1000 and converted his realm to aChristian kingdom. The medievalKingdom of Hungary was a European power, reachingits height in the Late Middle Ages.
After a long period ofOttoman wars, Hungary's forces were defeated at theBattle of Mohács in 1526 and its capitalBuda wascaptured in 1541, opening a period of more than 150 years where the country was divided into three parts:Royal Hungary (loyal to theHabsburgs),Ottoman Hungary and the semi-independentPrincipality of Transylvania. The Ottomans recognised the loss of Ottoman Hungary by theTreaty of Karlowitz in 1699. Most of Hungary was reunited and came under Habsburg rule by the turn of the 18th century.
Wars of independence against the Habsburgs in1703–1711 and1848–1849 resulted ina compromise that established theAustro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1867, amajor power in the early 20th century. Austria-Hungary collapsed afterWorld War I, and the subsequentTreaty of Trianon in 1920 established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its historical territory,majority of its economy, 58% of its population, and32% of its ethnic Hungarians.
Reeling from the aftermath of the war, Hungary endured turmoil in the earlyinterwar period, culminating in thenationalist conservative regime ofRegent rulerMiklós Horthy. Hungary joined theAxis powers inWorld War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. It was occupied by theSoviet Union, which established theHungarian People's Republic as asatellite state. Following the failed1956 revolution, Hungary becamecomparatively freer but remained a repressed member of theEastern Bloc. As part of theRevolutions of 1989, Hungary peacefully transitioned into ademocraticparliamentary republic. It joined theEuropean Union in 2004 and theSchengen Area in 2007.
Hungary is ahigh-income economy withuniversal health care and tuition-freesecondary education. It has a long history of significant contributions toarts,music,literature,sports, andscience and technology. Asa popular tourist destination in Europe, Hungary had 24.5 million international visitors in 2019. Hungary is a member of numerous international organisations, including theCouncil of Europe, European Union,NATO,United Nations,World Health Organization,World Trade Organization,World Bank,Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and theVisegrád Group. (Full article...)
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Joseph Szigeti (Hungarian:Szigeti József,[ˈsiɡɛtiˈjoːʒɛf]; 5 September 1892 – 19 February 1973) was a Hungarianviolinist.
Born into a musical family, he spent his early childhood in a small town inTransylvania. He quickly proved himself to be a child prodigy on the violin, and moved toBudapest with his father to study with the renownedpedagogueJenő Hubay. After completing his studies with Hubay in his early teens, Szigeti began his international concert career. His performances at that time were primarily limited to salon-style recitals and the more overtly virtuosic repertoire; however, after making the acquaintance of pianistFerruccio Busoni, he began to develop a much more thoughtful and intellectual approach to music that eventually earned him the nickname "The Scholarly Virtuoso". (Full article...)
Hungarians, also known asMagyars, are anethnic group native toHungary (Hungarian:Magyarország), who share a commonculture,language,history andancestry. They also have a notable presence in former parts of theKingdom of Hungary. The Hungarian language belongs to theUgric branch of theUralic language family, alongside theKhanty andMansi languages.
There are an estimated 14.5 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide, of whom 9.6 million live in today's Hungary. About 2 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before theTreaty of Trianon in 1920 and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbouring countries,Slovakia,Ukraine,Romania,Serbia,Croatia,Slovenia, andAustria. In addition, significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in theUnited States,Canada,Germany,France, theUnited Kingdom,Chile,Brazil,Australia, andArgentina, and therefore constitute theHungarian diaspora (Hungarian:magyar diaszpóra). (Full article...)
Béla Bartók –János Bihari –Ernő Dohnányi –Béni Egressy –Ferenc Erkel –Zoltán Kocsis –Zoltán Kodály –Franz Liszt -Eugene Ormandy -George Szell -András Schiff
Gyula Benczúr –Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka –Béla Czóbel –Árpád Feszty –Károly Lotz –Viktor Madarász –Mihály Munkácsy –József Rippl-Rónai –Pál Szinyei Merse –István Szőnyi –Victor Vasarely
Brassaï –Cornell Capa –Robert Capa –Lucien Hervé –André Kertész –László Moholy-Nagy –Martin Munkácsi
Béla H. Bánáthy –Zoltán Bay –Georg von Békésy –Farkas Bolyai –János Bolyai –Károly Bund –József Eötvös –Loránd Eötvös –Dennis Gabor –John Charles Harsanyi –George de Hevesy –Alexander Csoma de Kőrös –László Lovász –John von Neumann –George Andrew Olah –Ernő Rubik –Hans Selye –Ignaz Semmelweis –Charles Simonyi –János Szentágothai –Albert Szent-Györgyi –Leó Szilárd –Edward Teller –Eugene Wigner
Endre Ady –János Arany –József Eötvös –György Faludy –Béla Hamvas –Mór Jókai –Attila József –Ferenc Kazinczy –Imre Kertész –János Kodolányi –Ferenc Kölcsey –Imre Madách –Sándor Márai –Ferenc Molnár –Sándor Petőfi –Miklós Radnóti –Magda Szabó –Antal Szerb –Miklós Vámos –Mihály Vörösmarty
Gyula Andrássy –Lajos Batthyány –Gabriel Bethlen –Stephen Bocskay –Matthias Corvinus –Ferenc Deák –Miklós Horthy –Lajos Kossuth –Ferenc Nagy –Imre Nagy –Bertalan Szemere –István Széchenyi –Miklós Wesselényi –Vilmos Nagy of Nagybaczon
József Bozsik –Krisztina Egerszegi –Zoltán Gera –Dezső Gyarmati –Ágnes Keleti –Péter Lékó –Csaba Mérő –Tibor Nyilasi –László Papp –Judit Polgár –Zsuzsa Polgár –Ferenc Puskás
Nimród Antal –Michael Curtiz –John Garfield –Miklós Jancsó –Sir Alexander Korda –Peter Lorre –Béla Lugosi –Emeric Pressburger –Miklós Rózsa –Andy G. Vajna –Gábor Zsazsa
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Emeric, also known asHenry orImre (Hungarian:Imre,Croatian:Emerik,Slovak:Imrich; 1174 – 30 November 1204), wasKing of Hungary andCroatia between 1196 and 1204. In 1184, his father,Béla III of Hungary, ordered that he be crowned king, and appointed him as ruler ofCroatia andDalmatia around 1195. Emeric ascended the throne after the death of his father. During the first four years of his reign, hefought his rebellious brother,Andrew, who forced Emeric to make him ruler of Croatia and Dalmatia asappanage.
Emeric cooperated with theHoly See against theBosnian Church, which theCatholic Church considered to beheretical. Taking advantage of a civil war, Emeric expanded hissuzerainty overSerbia. He failed to prevent theRepublic of Venice, which was assisted by crusaders of theFourth Crusade, from seizingZadar in 1202. He also could not impede the rise ofBulgaria along the southern frontiers of his kingdom. Emeric was the first Hungarian monarch to use the "Árpád stripes" as his personal coat of arms and to adopt the title ofKing of Serbia. Before his death, Emeric had his four-year-old son,Ladislaus III, crowned king. (Full article...)
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